Disruptive Transportation Technologies Robert James Rutgers Date 3/26/2018 Contact rojames@hntb.com (732) 689-1989
DISRUPTIVE FORCES AT WORK • Technological advances offer both challenges and opportunities for transit clients • Disruption can be negative if we allow it to be • The future is not something we can leave to chance
Eight Game Changers • Rail Signaling Technology (PTC/CBTC) • Automated Shuttles • Bus Automation • Connected Vehicle Solutions • Bus Electrification Facilities • Mobility Hubs • Integrated TNC Solutions • IoT/Big Data
Beginning of Connected Automated Vehicles • I first Presented at ITS America 1994 • It was one of the FHWA Concept Families • Showed how the infrastructure communications and vehicle sensor technology would evolve to give us Connected Automated Vehicles 4
MTA Genius Challenge
Connected Vehicles (CV) and Ultrawideband (UWB) for Location and Communication Based Train Control Enhanced GPS Integrated Standards Based Ultra-wideband Wireless Lighting Many Vendors CV/UWB Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6 th Ave Non-proprietary Rapid Deployment Low Cost Phase 2 Phase 1 Vital Non-vital Advanced CBTC/PTC Cab Signaling
CBTC and Cab Signaling Existing/New CBTC Zone Controller or Signals Field End Point UWB Wayside UWB Wayside High accuracy Transponder in Transponder in Up/Down Stream Existing Lighting Existing Lighting low la lo latency Location Data Co-location Co-location DSRC/CV Radio UWB Wayside Unit Train to Wayside Communiction (Location/Signal-Switch Indications) a t i o n s n C o m m u n i c T r a i n t o T r a i Total l Sit ituational On-board Equipment (OBE) CV/UWB On-board Unit & Antenna Awareness Speed VOBC Door Emergency Controllerer Brake Advanced Cab Signaling Maintenance Display Bus
Core Signaling Benefits • Train Spacing • Safety – Total Situational Awareness • Compatibility • Cost • Reliability & Resiliency • Power & Space Constraints • Installation Time Public Benefits by 2020 • Onboard WiFi • Safer efficient advanced cab signaling Public Benefits by 2024 • Safer automated control • Trespasser detection • More frequent service
Other Benefits from CV & Total Situational Awareness Just to name a few Drone Inspection Right-of-way Yard & Non-revenue and Maintenance Worker protection Equipment tracking Phase 1 Precision asset Public Onboard WiFi Trespasser Detection management and tracking
Challenges and Costs • Challenges • Dealing with signaling vendors – minimal in Phase 1 only • Dealing with train car vendors – minimal in Phase 2 only • Vital safety certification of new technology • Costs • Phase 1 - $100M - $200M – Communications deployment and Cab signaling • Phase 2 - $100M - $200M – Full CBTC deployment • Compare to $20 billion cost for current CBTC technologies • Low life cycle maintenance costs Biggest saving comes with easy installation in existing lighting during normal maintenance cycles. No major track outages for in track work and wiring.
Retrofit Existing Monorail Structure 11
Repurposing Existing Infrastructure Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
Repurposing Existing Infrastructure Jacksonville Transportation Authority :: Skyway
APM – CV/AV Comparison APM CV/AV On-Demand, Real-Time, Dynamic Service Flexibility Fixed Route and Schedule Schedule None Mixed Vehicle Size Vehicle Fleet Flexibility Vendor Options Limited Many Tracks, Interlocking, Switches, Electrical Required Not Required Substations, Power Longitudinal/Lateral Control Tracks Sensors and Algorithms Aligned with Future Mobility Trends No Yes Deployment Cost High Infrastructure Cost Minimal Infrastructure Cost O&M Costs High Low Construction Duration High Low Multiple Deployments in US and Mostly Short- and Long-Term Trials Deployments to Date Around the World in US and Around the World AV Testing Legal in NY NY/NJ AV Legislation N/A NJ Senate Bill Introduced
AUTOMATED SHUTTLES • Low-Speed, Multi-Passenger Vehicles • Established Routes or Separate Facilities • Operational in Heathrow, Las Vegas, Dubai, University of Michigan • Use Cases and Services • First and last mile service • Circulation for campuses, residential developments and CBDs • Current HNTB Projects – Planning Stage • JTA U2C Program • HART Shuttle • PennDOT – PSU Harrisburg • Smart Columbus • Foxconn Development (Wisconsin DOT) • JFK Airport • Other Opportunities • Airports (APM replacement, access to airport landside services) • Treasure Island (SFCTA) • SWBID – District of Columbia DOT
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples London Heathrow POD ULTra PRT
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Examples Heathrow Airport University of Michigan Las Vegas
Exis istin ing CV/AV Shuttle le Examples Amsterdam Schiphol Airport Rivium GRT - Parkshuttle
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Larger Vehicles – 24+ passengers) Amsterdam Airport :: Mercedes-Benz Future Bus Eugene, Oregon :: EmX Articulated
Existing CV/AV Shuttle Bus Options (Mini Shuttles – 12 passengers) Local Motors/Intel’s Olli Helsinki/Oslo/Tokyo - EZ-10 electric Mini Buses Greece/Spain CityMobile2 Netherlands ParkShuttle – 2getthere GRT
CV/AV Technologies Connected Autonomous Vehicles Vehicles Bus Platooning UWB
BUS AUTOMATION • Higher Speed on Dedicated Roadways or Lanes • Slow Adoption Rate Among Bus Manufacturers and Clients • Shuttle Makers Evaluating Market Opportunities to Fill Void • Current HNTB Projects • Lincoln Tunnel Pilot Concept • MDX XT Lane Concept • HNTB Opportunities • Osceola County, FL
Connected Automated Deployment in NYC XBL thru NYC Lincoln Tunnel (1900 Bus retrofit through dedicated lane) 23
Automated Vehicles Components 24
Safe Gap Separation Policy • Vehicles generate force fields based on individual vehicle dynamic capabilities and uncertainties • Infrastructure exerts forces based on hard and soft delimiters • Obstacles exert forces based on uncertainty from expected motion 25
Safe Gap Difference • Spacing maximized for safety • Can get close together as density increases based on response capabilities and relative dynamic capabilities • Lateral and longitudinal behavior is coupled 26
Response-time Safe Gap Spacing 27
Ultrawideband in NYC NYC CV Pilot use of Ultra-wideband https://youtu.be/ZycoQmnNo18 28
V2X Accuracy Not Sufficient Enhanced GPS vs UWB on 6 th Ave Enhanced GPS Ultra-wideband 29
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Longitudinal) • Conventional Sensors (Radar, Vision, Lidar) have problems with weather, curves, hills, obstructions • Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios Road Hazards/Potholes Tunnels/Urban Canyon Obstacles/Pedestrians Speed Limit Detection Multiple V2V Vehicles Beyond Line of Sight Obstacle Detection Heavy Snow or Ice Dirty Windshield Multiple Objects Merging Traffic Vertical Curves Good Weather Straight Road Curved Road Snow & Rain Longitudinal Control Radar $ Vision $ LIDAR $$$ V2X $ UWB $ 30
Sensor Limitations V2X & Sensor Fusion (Lateral) • Conventional Sensors have problems with poor lane markings, work zones, merging, weather, obstructions, objects beyond line of sight • Connected V2X w/Ultra-wideband solve these scenarios Obstacles/Pedestrians Good Lane Markings Beyond Line of Sight Poor Lane Markings Merging Traffic Good Weather Good Visibility Signal Priority Signal Timing Snow & Rain Snow & Rain Signal Phase Travel Lanes Lateral Control Intersection Radar $ Vision $ LIDAR $$$ V2X $ UWB $ 31
Uber Crash
Where are we going with Automated Vehicles? • Near Term • Low-speed autonomous fixed route deployments • High-speed Semi-dedicated connected facilities • Automated Trains • Mid Term • Low speed 1 st /Last Mile On Demand Shuttles • Automated Vehicle Guideways replacing rail at airports, subways, commuter rail and long haul • Long Term • Automated Mobility on Demand 33
CONNECTED VEHICLE SOLUTIONS • Signal Phase and Timing • Transit Signal Priority • BRT Solutions • Eco-Driving • Safety Applications • Intersection Collision Avoidance • Queue Warnings • Passenger Boarding • Pedestrian Safety HNTB Project Examples: HNTB Opportunities: • Congestion Reduction • • NJDOT TSP/Connectivity Houston Metro BRT • Traveler Information • • Tampa CV Pilot HART • Smart Columbus • Routing and Navigation • FDOT FRAME Program • Location Services
Transit Signal Priority/Emergency Vehicle Preemption 1) Swap out existing telematics 2) Install pedestrian unit with DSRC OBU detection equipment 3) Install DSRC roadside 4) OBU identifies equipment interface to traffic when intersection is controller cleared 35
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