Transformational Chairwork Working with Fear and Developing Courage Northern Tide By Tim Wallace Scott Kellogg, PhD 2
Four Orienting Principles 3
Four Orienting Principles 1. Multiplicity of self – it is clinically useful to understand people as containing different parts, modes, voices, or selves. 4
Four Orienting Principles 1. Multiplicity of self – it is clinically useful to understand people as containing different parts, modes, voices, or selves. 2. It is healing and transformative for people to give voice to these different parts. 5
Four Orienting Principles 1. Multiplicity of self – it is clinically useful to understand people as containing different parts, modes, voices, or selves. 2. It is healing and transformative for people to give voice to these different parts. 3. It is also healing and transformative for people to enact or re-enact scenes from the past, the present, or the future 6
Four Orienting Principles 1. Multiplicity of self – it is clinically useful to understand people as containing different parts, modes, voices, or selves. 2. It is healing and transformative for people to give voice to these different parts. 3. It is also healing and transformative for people to enact or re-enact scenes from the past, the present, or the future 4. The ultimate goal of Chairwork is the strengthening of the Ego, the Healthy Adult Mode, or the Inner Leader. 7
History and Background 8
Jacob Moreno, MD Created the Chairwork Technique www.blatner.com/adam/pdirec/hist/stages.htm 9
Frederick “Fritz” Perls, MD Developed Chairwork into a Psychotherapeutic Art Form Taken by Stanislav Grof, MD, PhD 10 ttp://www.atpweb.org/grof/slideshow2/image-pages/pix.asp?cp=148&pp=1
Giving Voice Story Telling The Four Dialogues Internal Relationships Dialogues & Encounters 11
Giving Voice 12
Giving Voice “I would like to invite you to move to this chair and I would like you to speak from your heart and speak from your pain.” 13
“I would like to invite you to move to this Giving Voice chair and I would like you to speak from your ● This approach might be considered heart and speak from your pain. ” when patients say such things as: ● “There is a deep grief within me.” ● “I am feeling very agitated right now.” ● Gestalt Awareness and Voice Dialogue 14
Giving Voice The Paradoxical Theory of Change ● Conceptualized by Arnold Beisser in 1970 ● “The way to change is to more deeply be yourself. ● Giving voice is the heart of the work; nothing else is needed.” (Kellogg, 2014, p. 172) ● “The curious paradox is when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change.” – Carl Rogers 15
Giving Voice Existential Intentionality “That was the day, the first time ever in my life, that I made a commitment to being alive. Not the first time I said I wanted to live, or dreamed about living; it was the first time I made a commitment, that I gave myself my word.” - Meri Dana-Ama Danqhah Willow Weep For Me 16
Storytelling 17
Telling the story “At the heart of any therapeutic encounter there is always a story.” 18 Roberts & Holmes, 1999
Telling the story “I sense that holding this secret inside for so long has been a terrible burden. If you’re willing, I’d like you to move to this chair and tell me the story of what happened.” 19
Telling the story ● This approach might be considered when the patient says things like: ● “There are stories within me that have never been shared.” ● “I told a few people about the accident when it occurred, but I do not feel I ever really talked it through.” 20
Internal Dialogues 21
Internal Dialogues “You seem to be of two minds about the project. I wonder if you would be willing to go to this chair and speak from the part that wants to go forward with it and then to this chair and speak from the part that is having second thoughts.” 22
Internal Dialogues This approach can be considered when patients say things like: ● “I am of two minds about this situation.” ● “I have a deep fear of elevators. I am afraid that I will be trapped in one and die there. ● “I have this voice in my head that keeps telling me how bad I am.” 23
Internal Dialogues The work with the Parts, Modes, or Selves will usually take one of three forms: ● The Parts co-exist ● The Parts engage with each other ● One Part witnesses the others 24
Relationships & Encounters 25
Relationships & Encounters “ I sense that you are still very stuck – even though the relationship ended two years ago. I would like to work with this, if I may. I’d like you to imagine her sitting in this chair and I would like you to talk to her and tell her what you are feeling. ” 26
Relationships & Encounters ● This approach can be considered when patients say things like: ● “I know that it has been three years, but I am still grieving the death of my mother.” ● “My father was very cruel to all of us when I was growing up. I am still very angry about that.” ● “My sister is just impossible. I feel responsible for her but she is driving me crazy.” 27
Relationships EXPRESSING EMOTION & Encounters LOVE SORROW / GRIEF ANGER FEAR 28
Relationships Levels of Intensity & Encounters Facilitating vs Modifying 29
Relationships & Modifying and Facilitating Encounters ● Modifying ● The therapist actively seeks to make changes in the patient’s inner world ● Facilitating ● The goal is to help the patient grow in awareness ● To help them experience parts and emotions ● – there is no other ultimate agenda ● For this work, Facilitating is probably the better approach 30
Interventions 31
Voice Dialogue 32 C reated by Drs. Hal and Sidra Stone
Overview ● Voice Dialogue process involves: 1. Creating a Self-Witnessing Mode in Center 2. Giving voice to the different parts that exist within the self 33
The Process ● The person starts in Center ● They move to another chair ● Here they give voice to the emotions, thoughts, and experiences of that part ● The therapist/facilitator can interview the part to better understand it ● The person then moves back to Center and reflects on the experience ● The return to Center reflects that this is a part of the 34 person – not the totality of who they are
The Suffering Chair ● The person can be invited to give voice to their pain freely and deeply. ● Fear, Frustration, Anger, Resentment, Envy, Grief ● It can serve as: 1. A method for releasing and healing the fear 2. A vehicle for understanding the nature of their suffering 35
Giving Voice 36
Cognitions & Chairwork 37
Cognitions ○ Cognitive Restructuring can be understood as & Chairwork encompassing a series of methods centered on challenging or disrupting problematic schemas and beliefs ○ The old belief can go in one chair ○ The new or challenging belief can go in the other ○ Repeated dialogues and encounters among the different perspectives can weaken the problematic belief 38
Cognitive Restructuring Distressing Thought Distortion Rational Response I ’m boring Mind Reading I’m actually only boring when I’m in a bad mood. When I’m in a Jumping to conclusions good mood I’m pretty funny. I’m getting better at Fortunetelling relationships all the time and I I’ll be alone forever Disqualifying the Positive, am making a strong effort to all or nothing improve my social skills and decrease my social anxiety. It’s OK to sometimes be strange. People think I’m strange Catastrophizing, Mind In fact, people often enjoy Reading someone who’s different. 39
Cognitive Restructuring Distressing Rational Thought Response 40
Probabilistic Reasoning ○ How likely is this to happen? ○ 1.386 Billion people live in China ○ 80,928 were sick ○ 3,245 people died from Covid- 19 ○ (CNN, March 20, 2019) ○ “It is very likely that I will get sick and die.” ○ “It is not very likely that I will get sick and die.” ○ Two Chairs – back and forth ○ Internal Dialogue 41
Internal Dialogue Very Likely Not very to happen likely to happen 42
Three Outcomes ○ Worst Case Scenario ○ “I get sick and am killed by the virus.” ○ Best Case Scenario ○ “I use the time wisely and I have a creative breakthrough that changes my life.” ○ Most Likely Scenario ○ “It is a stressful experience filled with loneliness, boredom and anxiety as well as with some experiences that were interesting or moving.” ○ Give Voice to all three outcomes in separate chairs 43
Internal Dialogue Worst Case Best Case Most Likely Scenario Scenario Scenario 44
Internal Dialogues 45
Imagery Rescripting Light Beam Mojave Desert National Park 46 Mark Andrews
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