Slide 1 / 48 Slide 2 / 48 3rd Grade PSI Inheritance of Traits www.njctl.org Slide 3 / 48 Slide 4 / 48 Table of Contents: Inheritance of Traits Click on the topic to go to that section Traits · Traits · Inheritance of Traits · Variation of Traits · Environmental Effects on Traits · Summary Return to Table of Contents Slide 5 / 48 Slide 6 / 48 Genetic Traits What is a trait? The lion has many traits. A trait is a characteristic of a living organism. You probably said things like: .....he has a thick mane Can you name 5 traits of the lion? .....he has two eyes .....his chin has white hair .....his mane is brown and gray These are traits he got from his parents. We call them Genetic Traits.
Slide 7 / 48 Slide 8 / 48 Genetic Traits Can you compare the traits of these dogs? How many traits can you name about this dog? They have many traits in common, because they are all dogs. Do you think these dogs have the same parents? Why? Slide 9 / 48 Slide 10 / 48 1 Which of the following would be a trait of this animal? Instincts A long whiskers Instincts are traits that are B curly fur passed to offspring. Answer This puppy is very young, but it C mammal has an instinct to howl. An instinct is a useful behavior. D pink eyes Click on the image to listen to the puppy. What else do you notice the puppy doing when he is howling? Slide 11 / 48 Slide 12 / 48 2 Can an instinct be a trait? 3 An instinct is ____________ behavior. Yes A a useful Answer No B not a useful Answer
Slide 13 / 48 Slide 14 / 48 4 A raccoon washing his food before he eats it is an Mustard Seed Lab example of __________. Later in this unit, you will learn about how the environment can affect organisms. Right now, you will A a trait setup an experiment with mustard seeds that will Answer study this concept. You will continue to observe your B an instinct mustard seeds throughout the unit. C both a trait and an instinct Slide 15 / 48 Slide 16 / 48 Offspring Living things reproduce and create offspring that are similar to themselves. Inheritance of Traits Although there are many similarities, there may also be some differences. Do you know why? Return to Table of Contents Slide 17 / 48 Slide 18 / 48 Offspring are similar to their parents. Traits are passed from parents to Can you match the parent to the offspring? Below are pictures of adult offspring cows (top) and baby calves (bottom). Can YOU find each matching calf and mother or father? Look for details!! It is possible to look at traits and determine which baby belongs to which parent, because they have similar traits. Let’s look at a drawing of a cow to determine the important traits. For example, the size of the ears varies between types of cows. What are other characteristics do you think are important to look at? Draw a line from the parent to the offspring.
Slide 19 / 48 Slide 20 / 48 5 Find the offspring of this mother dog. 6 Which is not a direct trait passed on from this bird's parents? A A It has a long neck. B Answer Answer B It has feathers. C It has long thin legs. D C D It is 3 years old. Slide 21 / 48 Slide 22 / 48 7 Can a whale only have whale offspring? Yes No Answer Variation of Traits Return to Table of Contents Slide 23 / 48 Slide 24 / 48 Are all offspring from the same parents Variations exactly alike? Look closely at these ducklings. They have the same parents. There We call these differences are small differences between each duckling. Can you name some variations. differences? These puppies have the same parents, yet there is a lot of variation between these puppies. Can you describe the variations?
Slide 25 / 48 Slide 26 / 48 Reasons For Variation Human Hair Color There is a large range of human hair color. Of course, only the natural colors are Some variation is because traits have many possibilities. This is called genetic traits. a "range of traits." These flowers are Petunias. There are many possible colors of Petunias. What flower colors do you see? Can you point out the hair color that is not genetic? Slide 27 / 48 Slide 28 / 48 8 Which is NOT an example of a variation of traits? 9 Offspring are usually _________ one another. A A different shade of brown fur A exactly alike B Tall, medium and short plants B completely different from Answer Answer C chosing to study hard C similar to D purple and pink flowers on the same plant Slide 29 / 48 Slide 30 / 48 Variations of Traits Lab: Teacher Page 10 In the diagram of human skin color, there are 36 possible colors shown. Does skin color have variation? Obj: Students will determine the offspring of a set group of parents. Yes Answer Materials: What Kind of Slythy Tove activity sheet No 1. Give students a copy of the What Kind of Slythy Tove activity sheet . 2. Guide the students in following the directions on the lab sheet.
Slide 31 / 48 Slide 32 / 48 Environmental Effects on Traits Lab: Teacher Page Obj: Students will observe environmental effects on a living organism's traits. Environmental Effects on Traits Materials: Environmental Effect on the Growth of Mustard Seeds directions 1. Guide the students in following the directions starting at Step 5. Return to Table of Contents Slide 33 / 48 Slide 34 / 48 The Environment Causes Variation The Environment Causes Variation Often the environment an organism lives in limits how well it can develop. This tree lives in a windy environment. The normal trait would be for the tree to grow straight up. Can you tell which way the wind blows? Salt is a poison for most plants. Near Answer the ocean, salt is a "limiting factor." The seeds of this tree will Grasses do not grow too close to the not be affected. The trees ocean because the salt water kills most which grow from them will of them. Only the most hardy grasses grow up straight. can grow near the sea. Slide 35 / 48 Slide 36 / 48 More Environmental Effects... Environmental Selection These deer are both White-tail Deer. The deer on the left lives in Florida. The one on the right lives in the mountains. Why do you The environment these deer live in affects their traits. think the hot climate deer are smaller? The Florida deer must lose heat, so they tend to grow small. If Florida deer grew too large, they would overheat. The mountain deer need a larger body mass in the winter to stay warm. If they were too small they would not survive winter storms. Deer do not make a nest or home. They bed down in the forest and wait for the storm to pass. These deer weigh 25 to These deer weigh 60 to 34 kg (55–75 lb) and stand 130 kg (130 to 290 lb) and about 76 cm (30 in) tall at stand about 120 cm (47 in) the shoulder. tall at the shoulder.
Slide 37 / 48 Slide 38 / 48 More Environmental Effects - Malnutrition Environmental Selection This horse, chick and person suffer from malnutrition. Malnutrition is not having the correct nutrients, or enough food energy (calories) to Size is a genetic trait. All the Florida White-tail Deer are small, and allow proper growth. all the mountain White-tail Deer are large. The traits their parents gave them can not be fully expressed. With In this case, the environment has affected the genetic traits of the proper nutrition, they can often heal fully. deer. This is environmental selection. Temperature limits the size range of the deer in different climates. Slide 39 / 48 Slide 40 / 48 Environmental Effects - More Environmental Effects - Harmful Substances Lack of Water Some substances in the environment affect your traits as well, The hill in this picture is sometimes permanently. Lead is a poison if it is swallowed. All the not far away. The soil is places in this picture are affected. very poor and does not hold enough water for the trees to grow fully. The brain is affected the most by lead. People lose the ability to think They are the same kind of clearly. Even if the person has the trees as the ones in front, trait to be smart, the lead limits but their growth is stunted. them. Slide 41 / 48 Slide 42 / 48 11 Does the best growth always happen in a healthy 12 The environmental factor that affected the growth of environment? this tree was __________. Yes A wind No B too little water Answer Answer C poison D heat
Slide 43 / 48 Slide 44 / 48 13 These children suffer from malnutrition. That means Virtual Field Lab they do not get enough ___________. A fresh air How are traits influenced by the environment? Answer Is this something that can be studied and observed? B food C sunshine D water Slide 45 / 48 Slide 46 / 48 Putting it all together Living things reproduce to create ___________. Offspring have ________ that they inherit from their Summary parents. These are ___________ traits. A genetic trait is a characteristic such as fur color, instinct, and if the organism is a male or a female. Return to Table of Contents Slide 47 / 48 Slide 48 / 48 Putting it all together Differences in genetic traits are called ___________. Some variations are common, and part of what makes individuals unique. These are in the range of traits. The _____________ can cause variations too. The environment can limit the expression of some traits. Some of these effects, like wind, will not be passed on to the offspring. Some of these, like deer size, are passed to the offspring.
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