Trade&Liberaliza,on&and&tobacco& - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

World&Cancer&Congress,&30&August&2012& Trade&Liberaliza,on&and&tobacco& epidemic.&WHO&Framework& Conven,on&on&Tobacco&Control& as&a&Global&Response& Douglas&BeCcher,&MD,&PhD,&MPH& Director,&Tobacco&Free&Ini,a,ve& Director&Ad&Interim,&Chronic&Diseases&and&Health&Promo,on&

WHY$TOBACCO$ CONTROL$

NCDs$represent$a$new$fron8er$in$the$fight$to$improve$health$in$developing$countries$ What$are$noncommunicable$diseases?$ NCDs$=$4$diseases$+$4$risk$factors$ Modifiable common risk factors for NCDs Unhealthy Physical Harmful use Tobacco use diets inactivity of alcohol Heart ! ! ! ! disease and diseases Noncommunicable stroke ! ! ! ! Diabetes ! ! ! ! Cancer Chronic ! lung disease

The$Tobacco$Epidemic$is$About$to$Get$Much$ Worse & ……$ Cigarettes Tobacco&could& kill&up&to&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 1&Billion& If&current& smoking&paCerns& persons&in&the& con,nue,&the& 21 st &Century& Tobacco& death&toll&from& unless&urgent& currently&kills& tobacco&use&will& ac,on&is&taken& nearly&6&Million/ be:& year&but&this&will& • & 2000–2025~150M& increase&to&over& • &2025&–&2050&~&300&M& 8&Million/year&in& • &2050&–&2100&>&500&M& a&few&decades.

THE$ECONOMIC$ ANALYSIS$

The&Rela,onship&Between&Trade&Liberaliza,on&and& Tobacco& & TRADE$=$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$CONSUMPTION$OF$TOBACCO$PRODUCTS$ & Lowering&of&barriers&to&trade&in&tobacco&leads&to:& Increase&in&supply& ► &lower&prices& Enhanced&product&compe,,on& ► &lower&prices;&and& &&& & & &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& ► &Increase&in&adver,sing&expenditures& Brand&prolifera,on& ► Increase&in&size&of&tobacco&market& These&factors&lead&to:& Increase&in&tobacco&consump,on& ► Increase&in&tobacco\related&deaths&&& &&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&and&disability& &&&&&&&&&&&& TRADE$=$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$BURDEN$OF$TOBACCO$DEATH$/$DISEASE$ $

TRADE$AND$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ THE$$TOBACCO$ INDUSTRY$

Exploita,on&of&Trade&Liberaliza,on& The&tobacco&industry&has&voiced&its&strong&interest&in&taking& advantage&of&trade&liberalisa,on&to&enter&and&develop&new&markets.& & PHILIP&MORRIS:& “Removal&of&[trade]&barriers&will&provide&us&with&expanded&market&opportuni,es“& “Un,l&recently,&perhaps&forty&percent&of&the&world’s&smokers&were&locked&behind& ideological&walls.&We’ve&been&itching&to&get&at&them….that’s&where&our&growth&will&come& from”&& ROTHMANS:& "[t]hinking&about&Chinese&smoking&sta,s,cs&is&like&trying&to&think&about&the&limits&of&outer& space"&& PHILIP&MORRIS:& "In&view&of&the&growing&demand&for&premium&cigareCes&as&a&result&of&rapid&economic& growth,&we&must&prepare&ourselves&to&capitalise&on&any&relaxa,on&of&rules&or&regula,ons"&

TOBACCO$INDUSTRY$ INTERFERENCE$WITH$ TOBACCO$CONTROL$

Epidemiological$models$ Tobacco$use$&$Malaria$infec8on$ Infected Smokers & host Involuntary smokers HOST Parasite Infected VECTOR Plasmodium blood Tobacco products Cultural, historical, Tobacco&manufacturers&and& & economic & Tobacco smoke Anopheles &mosquito&&&&&&&&&&&& political factors are&both&vectors&to&disease.& AGENT ENVIRONMENT

NEW$TACTICS$OF$THE$ TOBACCO$INDUSTRY$

Ways&in&which&trade&and&investment&agreements& open&up&foreign&markets&to&the&tobacco&industry & By&lowering&tariffs& Through&the&removal&of&non\tariff&barriers&to&trade,&such& as&monopolies&and&regulatory&measures& By&providing&a&set&of&legal&rules&for&the&tobacco&industry&to& refer&to&in&aCempts&to&resist&regula,on& Through&foreign&direct&investment,&which&may&increase&access& to&the&market&in&which&an&investment&is&made&as&well&as& access&to&other&markets&having&preferen,al&trading& arrangements&with&the&host&State.& Source:&Confron,ng&the&Tobacco&Epidemic&in&a&New&Era&of&Trade&and&Investment&Liberaliza,on,&WHO,&2012,& hCp://whqlibdoc.who.int/publica,ons/2012/9789241503723_eng.pdf&

Challenges&for&Tobacco&Control&posed&by&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& Trade&and&Investment&Agreements & Challenges$to$coordinate$trade$and$investment$policy$with$health$policies:$ " Opposing adoption of tobacco control measures that have been endorsed in other international forums, such as the by WHO FCTC Conference of the Parties " Lowering tariffs on tobacco products without using other measures, such as taxes, to negate the impact of lower tariffs on prices " Making specific commitments to foreign investors that could undermine the ability of the government to implement its public health agenda " Entering international investment agreements that fail to clarify the meaning of key provisions, such as those invoked by Philip Morris against Uruguay. &

Mechanisms$for$Tobacco$Control $ WHO$Framework$Conven8on$on$ Tobacco$Control$(WHO$FCTC)$

The&POLITICAL&DECLARATION&ON&NCDs& We,+Heads+of+State+and+Government+and+representa6ves+of+States+and+Governments,+ assembled+at+the+United+Na6ons+from+19+to+20+September+2011,+to+address+the+ preven6on+and+control+of+non@communicable+diseases+worldwide,+with+a+par6cular+ focus+on+developmental+and+other+challenges+and+social+and+economic+impacts,+ par6cularly+for+developing+countries,+ + 38.$$Recognize$the$fundamental$conflict$of$interest$between$the$$$ $$$$$$$tobacco$industry$and$public$health;$ 43.(c)$We$therefore$commit$to:$$ $Accelerate$implementa8on$by$States$par8es$of$the$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ $WHO$Framework$Conven8on$on$Tobacco$Control$

TOBACCO$FREE$INITIATIVE$ TOWARDS$A$TOBACCO$FREE$WORLD$