The High Temperature Reactor (HTR) connected to an open-cycle hot Air compressor/Turbine combination (AT), coupled by an electrical shaft Real INNOVATION is “to boldly go where no one has gone before” James T. Kirk, Captain of the USS (space ship) Enterprise Initiative and general part – Gulian and Trix Crommelin Nuclear part – Professor Dr. Ir. Hugo van Dam MSc. Ex-Director of the Reactor Institute of the Delft Institute of Technology The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
The idea that the next logical step in the Gas turbine Technology could be the combination of a gas turbine with a nuclear heat source, occurred to me during a discussion at the ASME exhibition and conference in the Albert Thomas Convention Centre, Houston, 17 – 21 March, 1985. In 1994 we started to investigate. After a few months we understood that the working temperature of the existing Pressurized Water Reactors was too low for gas turbines (300 ° C). However, we met Professor Dr. Ir. Hugo van Dam, MSc., then Director of the Reactor Institute of the Delft University of technology. He listened to our reasoning and concluded that if we had the knowledge of the non-nuclear part, he would help to combine this with the High Temperature Reactor (HTR). The project received the name “the NEREUS project”. Nereus is the God of the sea, in Greek mythology. The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
The idea of the just mentioned next logical step was based upon the trend of the energy contents of the fuels, humanity used in energy conversion. The triangle to the right gives an indication of the logistically efforts versus the energy content. 7.000 – 400.000 MWday/ton Uranium Natural gas 0,56 MWday/ton Oil 0,48 MWday/ton Coal 0,34 MWday/ton Biomass 0,18 MWday/ton Or in simple words: One gram of uranium contains the same amount of energy as two tons of oil, three tons of coal or 2400 m³ natural gas. The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
THE NEREUS PROJECT (HTR-AT): A N aturally safe, E fficient, R eactor (nuclear), E asy to operate, U ltimately simple (modulair) and S mall Fully tested, so well-proven Jülich, Duitsland (1967 – 1988) en Beijing, China (2000 - ) The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
From the users point of view, a combination of two environmentally and well-proven technologies 1. The well-proven nuclear pebble-bed reactor (HTR) 2. The well-proven open-air compressor/turbine (AT), connected by a so-called electrical shaft 3. Other advantages • High efficiency (Brayton cycle) • Emissions: hot air • Secondary radioactive waste • Inherently safe due to power control by the laws of physics; the throttle follows the demand (thermostat) The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
Above: the first test unit, Jülich, Germany, to the right: The Chinese test unit, Beijing, China The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
Affordable due to the – in the aero world – well-proven pool- management system, with aspects as: • modular construction • serial production • central repair and maintenance facilities etc. Suitable for the four markets of industrial energy conversion The markets in which the axiom “the engine is just a means to” is in force • Stand-alone heat production • Combined heat & power generation • Production of electricity, heat and fresh water for villages and small towns on islands and in remote areas • Ship propulsion The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
Diagram of the non-nuclear part of a NEREUS installation. The combination of the intermediate heat exchanger and the (open air cycle) compressor(s) and turbine(s) The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
Diagram of the nuclear part of a NEREUS installation. The high temperature reactor cooled by helium circuit, combined with the intermediate heat exchanger Both parts combined … The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
SOME HISTORY USN Nautilus (1954 – 1980) Admiral Hyman George Rickover (1900 – 1986) At sea there are or have been more than 750 nuclear reactors in service, including the 22 units on board the Russian icebreakers and the two used on board the brand new aircraft carrier, the USS Gerald R. Ford (commissioned - 2017). Ashore there were or are 436 units in service, with a total output of more than 377.700 MWe. On construction are: China 27, (incl. 2 x HTR’s), Russia 12, South Korea 5, USA 5, India 6, United Emirates 3, Japan 3, France 1 en Finland 1. The last two will have a power output of 1650 MWe. The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
Three icebreakers at the North Pole To the left: USCGC Polar Sea, in the midst the CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent and to the right the Russian nuclear icebreaker, Yamal (meeting in 1994). You can book an (expensive) cruise on her to see the North Pole yourself. The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
4 acres of sovereign U.S. territory Where it’s needed, when it’s needed USS Harry S. Truman Action radius: 20 to 25 years The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
A dolphin leads the USS John Warner (SNN-785) to sea for her initial trials in the Atlantic Ocean (Naval Proceedings – 2017) The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
THE ENERGY PARK BORSSELE Storage of all types of nuclear waste in Storage and transport coal the Netherlands . Windmills (3MWe) Coal fired plant and the nuclear plant (each 450 Mwe) It clearly shows the amount of space per MWe each energy conversion system requires . The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR (PWR) (Borssele) Utility size nuclear energy conversion Water cooled reactor delivers saturated steam via a steam generator to a steam turbine, which drives a generator to supply electrical power to the national grid. The exhausted steam is cooled in a condenser with water or air. The so-called condensate is pumped to the steam generator and becomes steam again. A so-called closed feed water system. Control rods cooling water from the river de Schelde The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
HELI ELIUM Cir ircuit cuit The High Temperature Reactor (HTR) is developed by Professor Rudolf Schulten in Jülich, Germany, and succesfully tested in the period 1967 – 1988. PWR – Control Rods HTR – Start and Stopping Rods PWR – Monitoring & Control HTR – Control by Laws of Physics PWR – Rankine (Steam) Cycle HTR – can be with Brayton Cycle PWR – High Pressure (300 BAR) HTR – Low Pressure (< 40 BAR) PWR – Low Temperature ( ± 320 ° C) HTR – High Temperature (800 ° C) PWR – Energy Density - 100 MW/M³, HTR – Low Energy Density - 3 MW/M³ PWR – High Radioactive waste HTR – Secundary Radioactive Waste PWR – Containment Concrete HTR – Containments (2) within the fuel The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES AND WHAT IS THE INNOVATIVE ASPECT? The steam turbine installation is replaced by an open-cycle hot air compressor/turbine installation, connected by an electrical shaft. Reasons: 1. A closed cycle feed water system is unstable, because it contains a mixture of a gas (steam) and a liquid (condensate (water)). 2. The density of such a mixture depends on the load of the installation. 3. This means that it requires monitoring and control and so people, with or without computers and other automatic systems. The NEREUS project, industrial nuclear Power, HTR-AT. Since 1985 intellectual property of G.A.K. Crommelin and M.Th. Crommelin - de Jonge and heirs
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