The Web Presentation of Everyday Political Work : A Sociological - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Electronic Calendars (PDA) Electronic Calendars (PDA) and schedules of Politicians and schedules of Politicians The Web Presentation of Everyday Political Work : A Sociological and Computer Sciences Analysis Guillaume MARREL - Agor@ntic (University of Avignon) GDRI Web science meeting – Toulouse 2014-09-10/12 1 1

One of the 2 axis of the Tr@nspolo Project One of the 2 axis of the Tr@nspolo Project Transp + @ + Pol + O Political and Organizational Transparency in the Digital Society Uses and Effects of Digital Tools on Democratic Participation and Political Work (France, Brazil, Quebec) 2 2

Interdisciplinary and international research program France Brazil Agor@ntic Ciberdem UAPV UNIRIO Quebec UM Political science Computer science Information sciences Political and Digital Transparency 3 3

General Problem : Political Transparency General Problem : Political Transparency in the Digital Society in the Digital Society Transparency... ... is everywhere in the post-materialist and digital societies ... as an imperative of democratic societies 4 4

General Problem : Political Transparency General Problem : Political Transparency in the Digital Society in the Digital Society Transparency + What are the effects of information tools (WEB) on transparency ? Is the WEB a digital answer to the deliberative request in the weakened democracies ? 5 5

General Problem : Political Transparency General Problem : Political Transparency in the Digital Society in the Digital Society Under what conditions the Web tools can be real vectors of transparency and participation Not just new instruments of concealment of public decision secrecy and reappropriation of power by professionals? 2 axis 6 6

Tr@nspolo Tr@nspolo 1 Changes in Politics Imposed by the Request of Transparency in Digital Societies 2 Development of Participatory Web as a Tool for Citizens Participation 7 7

Axis 1 : Uses of Digital Tools of Political Axis 1 : Uses of Digital Tools of Political Transparency by the Leaders Transparency by the Leaders How are the politicians affected by the diffusion of digital tools and by the myth of transparency ? Is digital transparency a stress or a resource to them ? => Focus on digital personnal agendas of politicians (PDA, ICal diaries...) Marc EL BEZE and Guillaume MARREL (France) 8 8

Politician's agenda ? Politician's agenda ? Politics = 90% secrecy ➔ What is the daily schedule of the politician? ➔ What represent and govern mean on a daily basis? ➔ How digital tools and web transparency can help political scientists to better know... ...what the day of a politician is realy made with? ...where is the border between secrecy and transparency? 9 9

Politician's shared PDA PDA This kind of digital tool of management : = affects the political work by the streamlining of time = private archive and a database of the politician's schedule (events, dates, times, places, contacts...) = very useful to analyse politician's agenda = but most often unattainable... [Godmer & Marrel, 2014] Problem of access to data.... What about the Web? 10 10

Politician's Agenda Online Politician's PDA are also used in political communication strategies on-line (web page, blog...) 11 11

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Politician's Agenda Online = illusion of citizen control (accountability?) = valuable traces of the communication about the political work = an another kind of public archive of the politician's schedule = useful to analyse political communication strategies = by comparison with the Web feedbacks 14 14

Hide and Reveal Hide and Reveal Politician's interest to hide vs Citizen's interest to reveal Web = informations, comments and viewpoints on public events of the schedule of the leaders The Web could be about to renew the balance between secrecy and transparency in political life . 15 15

Decrypt Web Feedbacks Decrypt Web Feedbacks Web = corpus = an inaudible and variable echo of the events of the politician's agenda = to be decrypted by Information retrieval 16 16

Discover what's going on in this political game... ...between 4 spaces ...between 1 Real schedule of the politician What is being done 2 Planning in the PDA What needs to be said 3 Online political communication What must stay secret 4 The Web echo? The Web public feedbacks? Between secrecy and so called transparency ? 17 17

Analytic Comparison Real schedule of a politician work ? 1 Web Privacy feedbacks Secrecy on events (medias & SN) 4 Personal Secrecy Inaudible (or shared) (noisy) Agenda PDA ? 2 Most often Transparency unattainable (?) On-line agenda (communication on selected events) 3 Audible To be structured 18

A working prototype to make visible and compare political time uses Online agenda PDA Web feedbacks 19 19

First experiment on the PDA of a cooperative politician in France PDA Web feedbacks 20 20

Working plan PDA recovered from a leader consenting : Miss H. (Ical) Object Day Time Place Meeting in X 08/05/14 11:30-12:30 Paris, ... Appointment with Y 09/05/14 01:00-03:00 Rio, ... Comparison etc... Importation in a data base Questions to Web sites Who ? What ? When ? Rebuilt schedule Where ? from echoes of the Web ● Meeting in X, 08/05/14, in Paris... ● Appointment with Y, 09/05/14, in Rio... WEB Answers ● ... 21

A question-answering system => a graphical user interface in HTML5 and CSS3 => two pages: 1) An import page 2) A search page 22 22

The import page • for data from the corpus • after cleaning ambiguous expressions, • over a period of the agenda defined as “the learning period”. 23 23

The search page • based on a search engine in PHP language using WampServer, • which targets selected websites • and for querying these sites by the command "wget" • and save the results in a text file. => Parsing => Segmentation => Similarity computation => Compactness computation 24 24

Ongoing works in France 1) The tool for the rebuilding of the agenda by its echo on the web 2) The tool of textual comparison between the original PDA, and web feedback agenda 3) Search the entire Web via Google and not only predefined web site 4) The effective evaluation of the prototype 25 25

...and in Brazil Online agenda PDA Web feedbacks 26 26

Conclusion : 3 questions from many technical and ethical problems to solve Q? 1: Is it possible to rebuilt a personnal agenda from the web without using a reference basis for asking questions? Digging up the Web and rebuilt events just using a name and keywords...? Q? 2: Interpret the lack of feedbacks ? (evaluation) Q? 3: Risk of producing a dangerous tool for civil liberties and respect for privacy ? (computer ethics) 27 27

Tr@nspolo Tr@nspolo Thank you for your attention 28 28