https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ The role of phonological contrastivity in neutral harmony Jade Jørgen Sandstedt University of Edinburgh January �� ���� Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Argument ◮ Asymmetric inventory shape and blocking/skipping in harmony systems are closely linked ◮ This is predicted by Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS; Dresher, Piggott & Rice ����; Dresher ����, ����) ◮ But the MCS approach fails to produce valid harmony pairs, such as in Yoruba RTR harmony ◮ Proposal: privative features Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Outline The role of contrast in harmony � Symmetric and asymmetric sound inventories Harmony and neutral harmony variation � Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS) Successive Division Algorithm Yoruba Challenges to the MCS approach � Incongruent feature specifications � MCS method revisions Privative features Yoruba revisited Harmony and neutral harmony typology Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Outline The role of contrast in harmony � Symmetric and asymmetric sound inventories Harmony and neutral harmony variation � Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS) Successive Division Algorithm Yoruba Challenges to the MCS approach � Incongruent feature specifications � MCS method revisions Privative features Yoruba revisited Harmony and neutral harmony typology Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Introduction: Vowel harmony Harmony involves correspondence between all segments bearing a harmonizing feature (�) Yoruba (Atlantic-Congo) (Archangeli & Pulleyblank ����; Ọla Orie ����, ����; Dresher ����, ����) ATR ògèdè *ɔ̀gɛ̀dè ‘incantations’ RTR ɔ̀gɛ̀dɛ̀ *ògèdɛ̀ ‘banana’ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
The role of contrast in vowel harmony ◮ Ekiti Yoruba has symmetric ATR/RTR contrasts (Ọla Orie ����) ◮ Ife Yoruba lacks RTR high vowels (Archangeli & Pulleyblank ����; ˙ Ọla Orie ����, ����) (�) Non-low vowel inventory in Ekiti and Ife Yoruba ˙ A�� R�� A�� R�� H��� i u ɪ ʊ H��� i u M�� e o ɛ ɔ M�� e o ɛ ɔ ⒜ Ekiti Yoruba ⒝ Ife Yoruba ˙ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Inventory symmetries and vowel harmony ◮ Ekiti Yoruba paired mid and high vowels display full harmony ◮ [RTR] /ɛ, ɔ, a, ɪ, ʊ/ ◮ [ATR] /e, o, i, u/ (�) RTR/ATR paired Ekiti Yoruba mid vowels olè *ɔlè ‘thief ’ ATR ògèdè *ɔ̀gɛ̀dè ‘incantations’ ɔsɛ *osɛ ‘soap’ RTR ɔ̀gɛ̀dɛ̀ *ògèdɛ̀ ‘banana’ (�) RTR/ATR Ekiti Yoruba high vowels Ekiti èbúte ‘harbor’ ATR eúro ‘bitter-leaf ’ ɔrʊ́kɔ ‘name’ RTR ɛ̀lʊ̀bɔ́ ‘yam flour’ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Inventory asymmetries and vowel harmony ◮ Ifẹ Yoruba unpaired /i, u/ display neutral harmony ◮ [RTR] /ɛ, ɔ, a / ◮ [ATR] /e, o, i, u/ (�) RTR/ATR paired Ife Yoruba mid vowels ˙ olè *ɔlè ‘thief ’ ATR ògèdè *ɔ̀gɛ̀dè ‘incantations’ ɔsɛ *osɛ ‘soap’ RTR ɔ̀gɛ̀dɛ̀ *ògèdɛ̀ ‘banana’ (�) RTR/ATR unpaired Ife Yoruba high vowels ˙ èbúté *ɛ̀bʊ́té ‘harbor’ ATR eúro *ɛ́ʊ́ro ‘bitter-leaf ’ ɔrúkɔ *orúkɔ ‘name’ RTR ɛ̀lùbɔ́ *èlùbɔ́ ‘yam flour’ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Phonological behavior and contrasts are linked ◮ There are differences in what kinds of vowels are phonologically relevant ◮ [ATR] /e, o, i, u/ in Ekiti Yoruba ◮ [ATR] /e, o/ in Ife Yoruba ˙ (�) Phonologically relevant ATR/RTR vowels in Ekiti and Ife Yoruba ˙ A�� R�� A�� R�� H��� i u ɪ ʊ H��� i u M�� e o ɛ ɔ M�� e o ɛ ɔ ⒜ Ekiti Yoruba ⒝ Ife Yoruba ˙ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� � / ��
Neutral harmony variation The link between phonological contrasts and disharmony is not one to one ◮ RTR/ATR unpaired high vowels display variation across Yoruba varieties (�) Yoruba skipping and blocking Ifẹ Yoruba Standard Yoruba a. èbúé èbúé port b. òɡùrò òɡùrò stick for stirring c. ɔdídɛ odídɛ parrot d. ɛ̀lùbɔ́ èlùbɔ́ yam flour ◮ Ifẹ Yoruba : harmonic skipping: ɛ̀lùbɔ́ ◮ Standard Yoruba : harmonic blocking: èlùbɔ́ Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
Outline The role of contrast in harmony � Symmetric and asymmetric sound inventories Harmony and neutral harmony variation � Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS) Successive Division Algorithm Yoruba Challenges to the MCS approach � Incongruent feature specifications � MCS method revisions Privative features Yoruba revisited Harmony and neutral harmony typology Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
phonological features specified according to hierarchical divisions of a language’s sound inventory variation in neutral harmony are representationally derived [ high] [ high] i, u [ RTR] [ RTR] ɛ, ɔ e, o Example feature hierarchy Why are inventory shapes and harmonic behaviors related? Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS; Dresher, Piggott & Rice ����; Dresher ����, ����) Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
variation in neutral harmony are representationally derived Why are inventory shapes and harmonic behaviors related? Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS; Dresher, Piggott & Rice ����; Dresher ����, ����) ◮ phonological features specified according to hierarchical divisions of a language’s sound inventory [ + high] [ − high] i, u [ + RTR] [ − RTR] ɛ, ɔ e, o Example feature hierarchy Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
Why are inventory shapes and harmonic behaviors related? Modified Contrastive Specification (MCS; Dresher, Piggott & Rice ����; Dresher ����, ����) ◮ phonological features specified according to hierarchical divisions of a language’s sound inventory ◮ variation in neutral harmony are representationally derived [ + high] [ − high] i, u [ + RTR] [ − RTR] ɛ, ɔ e, o Example feature hierarchy Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
MCS architectural assumptions Three principle components Contrastivist Hypothesis (Hall ����, Dresher ����): only those features � which serve to distinguish segments in the underlying sound inventory may be phonologically active � Successive Division Algorithm (SDA; Dresher ����): sound inventories are divided into binary feature classes Feature ordering: the relative hierarchical ranking of features is � cross-linguistically variable Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
MCS architectural assumptions Three principle components Contrastivist Hypothesis (Hall ����, Dresher ����): only those features � which serve to distinguish segments in the underlying sound inventory may be phonologically active � Successive Division Algorithm (SDA; Dresher ����): sound inventories are divided into binary feature classes Feature ordering: the relative hierarchical ranking of features is � cross-linguistically variable Jade Jørgen Sandstedt https://jsandstedt.hcommons.org/ (University of Edinburgh) The role of contrastivity in neutral harmony January �� ���� �� / ��
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