the role of OMAFRA Dr. Csaba Varga Lead Vet Poultry Disease - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Small poultry flocks and the role of OMAFRA Dr. Csaba Varga Lead Vet – Poultry Disease Prevention Guelph, May 7 th , 2016

Outline • Disease reporting regulations – Federal and Provincial • OMAFRA’s response to reports • Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario & response to an Infectious Poultry Disease • Veterinarian’s to do list if an infectious disease is suspected • Case study - infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) • Antimicrobial Use - Federal proposal to combat AMR

Reportable Diseases • Defined in the Health of Animals Act and Reportable Diseases Regulations • Significant importance to human or animal health or to the Canadian economy. • Animal owners, veterinarians and laboratories are required to immediately report the presence of an animal that is contaminated or suspected of being contaminated with one of these diseases to a CFIA district veterinarian. • Control or eradication measures will be applied immediately . 3

Reportable Poultry Diseases Fowl Typhoid - Salmonella gallinarum Pullorum Disease - Salmonella pullorum - since 1982 Canada is free of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid Newcastle Disease – avian paramyxovirus – velogenic form is most pathogenic - Canada is free of the disease Notifiable Avian Influenza - Type “A” influenza virus – All highly pathogenic avian influenza and low pathogenicity H5 and H7 avian influenza viruses are considered to be notifiable 4

Immediately Notifiable Diseases • Only laboratories required to report • Generally exotic to Canada • No control or eradication programs are in place • More of trade issue in case of poultry (e.g. China, Russia) • In case of ILT main interest that poultry meat does not enter the export market

Immediately Notifiable Poultry Diseases • Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) • Avian chlamydiosis (C. psittaci) • Avian encephalomyelitis • Duck hepatitis • Egg drop syndrome • Fowl cholera • Turkey viral rhinotracheitis

Animal Health Act and Regulations Animal Health Act, 2009 (AHA) proclaimed in Jan. 2010 • to address hazards to animal health and related public health • Provincial authority to: e.g. - create regulations - order quarantine, treatment, destruction, disposal, cleaning and disinfection, movement control etc. Two Regulations came into force on Jan. 1, 2013 • The Reporting of Hazards and Findings • Compensation for actions under the AHA 7

The Reporting of Hazards and Findings • Provincially “Immediately Notifiable Hazards”  Ontario laboratories report test positives  Veterinarians report positives from non- Ontario labs • Provincially “Periodically Notifiable Hazards”  Ontario laboratories report annually, positives and negatives • No Ontario reporting requirement for animal owners, the general public or other types of businesses. 8

The Reporting of Hazards and Findings • Veterinarians are required to report any serious risk to animal health  Unusual high mortality in a particular animal type or area  Possibility of a new and emerging hazard  Likelihood of affecting multiple premises  Potentially serious human health implications

Immediately Notifiable Hazards- Poultry • All federally reportable and immediately notifiable diseases and • botulism • Salmonellosis (sub-typed) • Influenza A

How to report • Veterinarians  If a test positive from a laboratory outside of Ontario  Within 18 hours of becoming aware of a positive lab result  Email information to: OCVO-Reportable-Notifiable@ontario.ca • Situation of serious risk Call the Agricultural Information Centre at 1-877-424-1300 (An OMAFRA veterinarian will follow up )

Responses to reports - Four Levels 1. Monitor / Seek More Information - monitor laboratory passive surveillance ( e.g. disease trends, serotypes, genotypes) - contact the submitting veterinarian to ask for detailed information (e.g. ILT vaccine strain lab isolated from hobby flock) 2. Notices or Alerts to Industry / Veterinarians / Owners - Phone / email industry organizations (e.g. Feather Board Command Centre, Ontario Association of Poultry Practitioners) - Government or Industry distribute notices about current disease incidents to encourage increased biosecurity or vaccination (e.g. influenza advisory for poultry farmers, ILT advisory) 13

Four Levels of Response to Reports 3. OMAF Lead Regulatory Response Under Authority of the Ontario AHA - Formal inspection, +/- quarantine +/- destruction, C&D orders 4. CFIA Lead Regulatory Response Under Authority of Federal HAA - Strong suspect or CFIA confirmed Foreign Animal Disease - CFIA quarantines, control zones, destruction orders, OMAF help if needed under the FADERP (e.g. HPAI) 14

Synergistic Intent of the AHA Intent is to work synergistically with the federal system • The provincial AHA does not replace the federal Health of Animals Act. • The CFIA still has the lead on federally reportable diseases, inter-provincial, and international trade. • OMAF still provides a supporting role to the CFIA under the Foreign Animal Disease Emergency Response Plan (FADERP). • AHA provides the province with authority to monitor and respond as appropriate in support of CFIA or to lead in situations sufficiently important to Ontario but that the CFIA chooses not to respond or lead. 15

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario • “Broker dealer” means a facility that markets chicks other than a hatchery; • “Hatchery” means a facility which hatches or markets chicks; • “Small Flock Grower ” - a person registered with the Board and permitted by the Board to produce and market no more than 300 chickens on an annual basis

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario • Every year a person in Ontario can purchase no more than 300 chickens without owning a quota

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario • Register by completing Form 300

Small Flock Program – Chicken Farmers of Ontario • Infectious Poultry Disease • consult immediately with a veterinarian • notify Chicken Farmers of Ontario • implement biosecurity protocols • consent to the release and sharing disease related information among CFO, OMAFRA, CFIA and the attending veterinarian

What needs to be done if you suspect an infectious disease? Contact CFIA and OMAFRA and if registered small flock grower contact Chicken Farmers of Ontario • Brief data collection and epidemiological assessment: • Clinical signs / Duration of illness • Mortality / Morbidity • Type and age of the birds • Vaccination history • Husbandry and management practices • Size of the flock, number of barns • Recent additions to the flock

What needs to be done if you suspect an infectious disease? • Submit samples to the AHL • Advise the small flock owner on proper biosecurity procedures • control movement of personnel, equipment and vehicles to and from the premises • self-impose barn or premises isolation/containment • keep a record of visitors and all movement on and off the premises • isolate the chicken from other poultry, livestock, wild birds and waterfowl • C&D of barns

Case study ILT - Chain of Events Step 1 Clinical observation / Suspect ILT Step 2 Send samples to AHL Step 3 Laboratory Diagnosis Step 4 ILT diagnosed and reported to OMAFRA Step 5 OMAFRA Risk Assessment to evaluate biosecurity risk Step 6 Notify Feather Board Command Centre and Ontario Association of Poultry Practitioners

Case study ILT - Disease Control Principles Prevention-of-Further-Spread • Primary objective is to restrict infection to one or very few flocks • Control strategies depend on the pathogenicity of the strain / number of farms infected / type of production • Alert industry and veterinarians to be aware of recent ILT positive cases • Encourage self-reporting of farmers to FBCC by owners of positive flocks, and remind such commercial farmers and registered small flock growers (meat birds) of their Board’s requirement to report such cases to their Board or the FBCC • Industry or OMAF conduct trace-out or trace-back premises relative to known positives if spread of the ILT virus is a concern • Industry or OMAFRA use GIS to identify flocks within a 10 km radius of known ILT positive flocks, for enhanced surveillance. 23

Case study ILT - Disease Control Principles Prevention-of-Further-Spread • prevent movement of birds and contaminated materials from infected flocks • permit clinically recovered flocks to proceed to processing for human consumption • heat treat (>37 ºC; > 100 hrs), and clean and disinfect ILT contaminated barns • vaccination on a case by case basis • High risk situation prevention of movement (e.g. formal detention or quarantine under AHA) and industry consider vaccination of flocks within 3 km of known positives. • heightened biosecurity must be exercised during salvage of recovered and/or vaccinated flocks and during premises cleanup • End response: Five weeks (35 days) without a new case being discovered 24

Map and identify existing poultry farms around the index farm ILT Advisory was sent out to all sectors of the poultry industry in the affected area to heighten biosecurity protocols

ILT cases in Ontario, Jan 2008 – May 2013 26