The Role Of Emotions In 1. Think about your time at work over the - PDF document

•10/11/2013 Individual Exercise The Role Of Emotions In 1. Think about your time at work over the last The Workplace week. 2. What emotions have you experienced or witnessed in others? LDC presentation 3. Write down each of these emotions – one Wellington emotion per post it note. October 2013 ������������������������� ������������������������ Positive Emotions (Murray & Jordan, 2006) Positive & Negative Emotions (Murray & Jordan, 2006) 8 45 6 40 Count 35 4 Comparative Scores 30 2 25 20 0 15 Capability and Delivery 10 Excited Hopeful Pride Satisfaction Pleased 5 Joy Happiness Enjoyment Amusement Supportive 0 Energetic Relief Love Expecting Productive Negative Positive Thoughtful Fulfilled Emotions in Organizations (Ashkanasy & Negative Emotions Jordan, 2004) Organizational leadership Organizational (Murray & Jordan, 2006) Level 5 Emotional climate performance Bounded emotionality Organization- wide 14 Leadership Group affect Level 4 Direct influence Affective tone Group behavior 12 Groups & and performance Emotional contagion Team Member Exchange Teams LMX Group emotional intelligence 10 Count 8 6 Level 3 Interpersonal Perception of emotion relationships 4 Inter- Felt vs. displayed emotion Emotional labor Trust personal 2 0 Capability and Delivery Individual differences: Level 2 Considered Trait affect Attitudes Behaviors Between- Emotional intelligence Decision making Person Leadership style Fear Annoyed Concern Confusion Stress Anxiety Tired Embarrassment Guilt Sadness Helpessness Anger Level 1 Emotional reactions Worry Frustration Pressure Shock Impulsive Mood Within- Affective events behaviors Emotion states Person (or State affectivity) •1

•10/11/2013 Fear What emotions are generated Negatives during change? Can result in a lack of inertia � Anger � Excitement (no movement) � Fear � Anticipation Can result in � Sadness � Enthusiasm increased resistance � Anxiety � Joy Positives The perception Generates energy to deal with a (real or imagined) � These are natural reactions – the issue is threat of a threat how we deal with them Seeing new (triggering a flight / fight response). opportunities in the familiar Anger Sadness Negatives Negatives Can disrupt working Needs to be managed relationships and progressed Can distract workers Can trap people in the from tasks past Positives Positives Reflection on issues that The perception A focus of energy on a may have been (real or imagined) justified grievance The perception ignored previously of a loss Gives us the energy to (real or imagined) Realisation of where right a legitimate (triggering a grief cycle). things went wrong / of a grievance (justice). wrong things went right Anger is not simple – Attributions Happiness Positives � Anger directed at you Leads to satisfaction / � Anger directed at others calm decision making � Anger directed at self Sense of Optimism � Anger directed at objects Negatives Contentment (lack of The perception � Internal anger vs external anger motivation) (real or imagined) Ignoring other emotions of confidence or satisfaction. � Differences in anger expression between men Inappropriately expressed can result and women. in conflict (e.g.Shadenfreude) •2

•10/11/2013 What about other emotions? Happy Worker Productive Worker � Happy workers are productive workers and � Pride � Envy therefore managers and organizations should � Shame � Humour work to ensure their workers are happy. � Guilt � Frustration � Research evidence shows that happy workers are not productive workers, but that productive � Love � Surprise workers are happy workers (Fisher, 2003) � Shock � Workers are most satisfied with their job when they are performing better than usual for them. Emotional Progressions Emotions are Contagious A tendency to reflect / mirror another person’s Anger Happiness Fear experience/expression. Enraged Joyous Panicked Examples of emotional contagion include: Furious Happy Fearful 1. An enthusiastic person raising the mood Angry Pleased Worried 2. A fearful person spreading despair. Mad Amused Nervous 3. A sad person being draining of others. Upset Content Edgy Frustrated Calm Wary What are the implications in terms of Annoyed Positive Attentive dealing with emotions in a team / Irritable workplace? Intensity Intensity of of Emotion Emotion The Ripple Effect Results of Ripple Effect (Barsade, 2002) PLEASANTNESS � Emotional valance (positive / negative) matters High Low » Positive emotions raised the group tone Cheerful Hostile » Negative emotions lowered the group tone Enthusiasm Irritability � Emotional energy (intensity) did not matter •Acting pleasant, happy, •Actively and energetically » No effect for high energy or low energy High warm, and optimistic in an unpleasant and pessimistic; E � Difference between groups with one confederate energetic active and alert •Behaved with hostility, N way frustration, impatience, expressing negativity (independently rated) E •Cheerful and enthusiastic anxiety and irritability » Pleasant condition Mean = 4.83 R Depressed Serene » Unpleasant condition Mean = 2.81 G Warmth Sluggishness � Performance difference Y •Unpleasant and unhappy in •Happy and optimistic in a Low » Positive emotion reduced conflict by 50% calm low energy way. a low energy way • depressed sluggish, dull •Emitting warmth and » Positive emotion increased performance by 37% serenity and a pleasant and lethargic. calmness •3

•10/11/2013 Emotional regulation (Lawrence, Troth, Jordan & Collins, 2011) � Regulation of experiencing emotion » Situational Selection � So what can we do about emotions at work? » Situation Modification » Attentional Deployment � For ourselves? » Cognitive Change � Regulation of expressed emotion � For others? » Amplify the emotion in the response, » Express their genuinely felt emotions, » Qualify the emotions expressed, » Deamplify their emotional response » Neutralize » Mask the emotions they feel. Managing Others � Emotions matter – they provide information about how to address issues. � Emotional variance is a normal part of life Questions? � Unless you deal with emotion you cannot move on the deal with the issue � The key to dealing with emotion is understanding the emotion •4