The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The role of commercial plantation forestry in the status of our water quality

What does the data tell us Water clarity by dominant land cover 2009-13 Metres (Max value: 12.3m) ANZECC 2000 guideline Urban � Indigenous � Exotic forest Pastoral � Dominant land cover � Source: NIWA; regional councils

What does the data tell us Dissolved phosphorus by dominant land cover 2009-13 mg/m 3 100 (Max value: (Max value: 90 270 mg/m 3 ) 290 mg/m 3 ) 80 70 60 50 40 Dissolved phosphorus 30 threshold 20 10 0 Urban � Indigenous � Pastoral � Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NIWA: regional councils

What does the data tell us Nitrate-nitrogen by dominant land cover 2009-13 mg/ m 3 2,500 NPS-FM nitrate- nitrogen guideline B 2,250 (Max value: 2,000 13 1 500 mgim 3 ) 1,750 1,500 1,250 1,000 750 500 250 I ndigenous � � Urban zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA Pastoral � Exotic forest Dominant land cover Source: NI WA; regional councils

What does the data tell us E.coli concentration by dominant land cover 2009-13 E.coli per 100mL 1,100 NPS-FM guideline 1,000 (Max value; (Max value: 900 1,750 E.co/i/100mL) 2,300 E.coii/100mL) 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 Urban � Indigenous � Exotic forest Pastoral � Dominant land cover Source: NIWA; regional councils

National Data = generally encouraging Other regions � Auckland 6% of sam ple Land cover Water Quality Water Quality • National datasets Index Class Native 91.7 Excellent generally indicates Exotic Forest 81.9 Good plantation forests WNW Rural 66.7 Fair Urban 54,3 Fair maintain an average status a bit below undisturbed native forest but above pastoral 5 farming and urban. • Other regional data confirms.... Nathe Exotic Forest � Rural Urban But pure forest sites underrepresented. Land Cover PFOLSEN

2001-02 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA � 120 2002-03 � 131.1111 2003-04 � 100 Other examples 2004-05 � 136.3636 2005-06 135.4545 2007-08 � 141.1111 2008-09 � 131.25 2012-13 � 123.8095 Mangapapa Bay of Plenty West Coast 2013 MCI results German Moores Palmers Gully Sunday Austrians Redjacks Ongionui Blackmum Location Creek Ck Creek (12 Mile) s Ck Creek Creek Stream MCI 146 139 130 114 116 145 136 127 QMCI 6 6 8 8 6 7 8 8 Sunday Creek Estimated fishing area = 220m2 Fish abundance (fish/m2) 2003 2006 2008 2010 MCI 160 Longfin eel 0.073 0.095 0.005 0 Shortfin eel 0 0.009 0.005 0 140 0 Inanga 0 0 0 120 0.06 0.01 0 Koaro 0.16 Shortjaw kokopu 0 0 0 0 100 Banded Kokopu 0.28 0.36 0.11 0.02 80 Brown trout 0 0 o o Bluegill bully 0 0 0 0 60 Upland bully 0 0 0 0 40 0.04 0.03 0.05 0 Redfin bully Dwarf galaxias 0 0 0 0 20 Lamprey 0 0.015 0 0 0

Water Temperature Measured from a long term in-forest monitoring site during harvest. Native fish have m axim um tem perature acceptability of approxim ately 2 5 ° C ( shortfin and longfin eels) and about 2 0 ° C for m any bully species and below 2 0 ° C for trout and galaxid species. I ntroduced sport fish ( salm on and trout) are stressed w hen tem peratures exceed 2 0 ° C ( Quinn, Hickey, 1 9 9 0 ) . W hen considering m acroinvertebrates w ater tem perature is a key determ inant of diversity. Stoneflies are largely confined to rivers betw een 1 3 and 1 9 ° C and m ayflies are less com m on in rivers w ith m axim um tem peratures greater than 2 1 .5 ° C ( Quinn, Hickey, 1 9 9 0 ) . per. Moo. Av 3 . ( 1 . Toreturba exits Exotic Forest) • Exotic Forost/Farrniona) - 5 Per. Mee. Avg. ( 2 . Ye Paid - bridge 5 per. Moo. Av 3 . ( 3 .Zittel Jm n Exotic/ Native Forest> - per. Moo. Avg. ( 4 . Farm land- Ent., nog bras° 5 pen Mov. As 3 . ( S. Trubutery Ex forst a Pierce Rd) - 5 per. Mov. Avg. ( 6 . Ye Peel exiting forest) - 5 zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA ) • zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA per. Mov. Av (7. Native Forest)

Forestry's concern Periodic sedimentation . At time of harvest and particularly earthworks. . Predominantly in small headwaters streams. II Exacerbated by historic plantings right to stream edge and or poor establishment layout relative to harvesting needs. . Second rotations should be better.

Forestry's concern Periodic sedimentation • Highly erodible sedimentary Pakuratahi Study — Hawkes Bay formations. • Paired catchments — pastoral grazing (sheep) and S.Sediment Ratio% of Forest yield relative to Farm yield. plantation. 350% • Standard practice at the time. 300% • Peak during harvesting — 250% more specifically roading 200% earthworks. 150% • Declines quickly afterwards 100% • Overall sediment yield still 50% well down on pastoral 0% 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 landuse. —0—Ratio%

So what does the industry do? Responsible operators should � NEW ZEALAND FOREST ROAD ENGINEERING MANUAL • Be working to Industry codes. • Increasing focus on good New Zealand Environmental Code of Practice planning and execution. for Plantation Forestry • Increasing focus on water — Voluntary setbacks on all streams... NZ FOREST OW NERS ASSOCI ATI ON I NC — 5m streams up to 3.0 wide. — 10m all larger streams. FOREST moms Vi Tr Trrar• tC• I thr, ASSOCI ATI ON — Sediment controls.

Flood amelioration • Forests — Canopies intercept about 20% of rainfall in low - moderate rainfall events. — Root systems and low compaction allow rain infiltration. — Below about 30% clearance in an individual catchment, hydrological effects unlikely. — In very intense storms — _ moderation effect reduced. — Dryland environments or over- allocated water demand, plantations may reduce peak yield. PFOLSEN

Biodiversity Terrestrial/ wetland reserves Fauna r zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA � 1,1 le Gott. • Tawa/Podocarp/Hardwood 11C.I .VE0M'S FC5 � Prostrate KanAs • Manuka/kanuka/BroadleavedHW Phu.. * us • Adventive and exotic weeds & grasses 14.4 Med � • Tawa/ Broadleaved Hardwoods • Os,.,,, � • Lora, W al Bat ( OW .. I s) � Scandw radoha • Hardwood/Podocarp/beech Bbe Duct � erg W . eel � Savereve • Broadleaved Hardwood Shrub&fitmland Cassytha pauW ata � Long-W ed C.., � Spoutes Cw e 51nred zyxwvutsrqponmlkjihgfedcbaZYXWVUTSRQPONMLKJIHGFEDCBA ▪ Leptospermum/shrub HW/kowhai/podocarp Co:rearna aw osa � Lerapar. ( Rvul � sAaB Beech/Tawa/podocarp/harwood C000w a kroam I ts � Nero Zealand Fatal � Sw arm Mal. • • Subalpine mixed flax/shrubhardwood &tussock 0 ,0 0 s0 1 ,a * m .o. � Noet, bland aw n KW • Podocarp/Hardwood Dattha* � • Noon bind Kau • leptosperrnum/coprosma/flax wetland No.0, W ed KoW o � YhXw o • Beech Hard/Red dominant/ Podocarp Far. � Nor. bland Uncosolidated foredunes Gage 0.0 � NOT I sland MI A Warm lowland softwoods hardwoods • Rewarewa/Harcfwoods • Semi-wetland Sedge & femlands • Ouneland small leaved colonisers &grasses • Lowland Softwooditawa/titoki • Kahikatea/swampland • Geothermal vegetation • Exotic Species • Kahlkatea/matai/podocarp/HW • Blechnum Bracken or dense tree fern fernlands • • Manuka /Beech • Manuka /Hardwoods Lake /surface water wetland ▪ Geothermal sinter terraces • Gorse / nurse crop cover 1 0,600ha reserves = 19% ..,_ .4:— • ▪ • 7 t. PF Olsen FSC Group Scheme Certified Forests Map 1