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1 2 The post-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol Daniel J. Bernstein IP communicates packets: limited-length byte strings. University of Illinois at Chicago & Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet has

  1. 1 2 The post-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol Daniel J. Bernstein IP communicates “packets”: limited-length byte strings. University of Illinois at Chicago & Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet has a 4-byte “IP address”. Includes joint work with: e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has Tanja Lange address 131.155.70.11 . Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Your browser creates a packet addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; gives packet to the Internet. Hopefully the Internet delivers that packet to 131.155.70.11 .

  2. 1 2 ost-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol DNS: Domain J. Bernstein IP communicates “packets”: You actually limited-length byte strings. connect University of Illinois at Chicago & echnische Universiteit Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet Browser has a 4-byte “IP address”. by asking Includes joint work with: e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org Lange address 131.155.70.11 . Browser echnische Universiteit Eindhoven Your browser creates a packet “ Where addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; gives packet to the Internet. Hopefully the Internet delivers that packet to 131.155.70.11 .

  3. 1 2 ost-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol DNS: Domain Name Bernstein IP communicates “packets”: You actually told y limited-length byte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org Illinois at Chicago & Universiteit Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 has a 4-byte “IP address”. by asking a name server, rk with: e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org address 131.155.70.11 . Browser → 131.155.71.143 Universiteit Eindhoven Your browser creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; gives packet to the Internet. Hopefully the Internet delivers that packet to 131.155.70.11 .

  4. 1 2 Internet IP: Internet Protocol DNS: Domain Name System IP communicates “packets”: You actually told your browser limited-length byte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org Chicago & Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 has a 4-byte “IP address”. by asking a name server, e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org name server. address 131.155.70.11 . Browser → 131.155.71.143 Eindhoven Your browser creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; gives packet to the Internet. Hopefully the Internet delivers that packet to 131.155.70.11 .

  5. 2 3 IP: Internet Protocol DNS: Domain Name System IP communicates “packets”: You actually told your browser to limited-length byte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Each computer on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” has a 4-byte “IP address”. by asking a name server, e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org name server. address 131.155.70.11 . Browser → 131.155.71.143 : Your browser creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; gives packet to the Internet. Hopefully the Internet delivers that packet to 131.155.70.11 .

  6. 2 3 IP: Internet Protocol DNS: Domain Name System IP communicates “packets”: You actually told your browser to limited-length byte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Each computer on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” has a 4-byte “IP address”. by asking a name server, e.g. www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org name server. address 131.155.70.11 . Browser → 131.155.71.143 : Your browser creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; IP packet from browser also gives packet to the Internet. includes a return address: Hopefully the Internet delivers the address of your computer. that packet to 131.155.70.11 . 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  7. 2 3 Internet Protocol DNS: Domain Name System Browser address, communicates “packets”: You actually told your browser to by asking limited-length byte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser computer on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where 4-byte “IP address”. by asking a name server, www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 address 131.155.70.11 . “ Ask the Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, rowser creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” addressed to 131.155.70.11 ; IP packet from browser also packet to the Internet. includes a return address: efully the Internet delivers the address of your computer. packet to 131.155.70.11 . 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  8. 2 3 Protocol DNS: Domain Name System Browser learns the address, “ 131.155.71.143 communicates “packets”: You actually told your browser to by asking the .org yte strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser → 199.19.54.1 on the Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? address”. by asking a name server, www.pqcrypto.org has the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → b 131.155.70.11 . “ Ask the pqcrypto.org Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 creates a packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” 131.155.70.11 ; IP packet from browser also the Internet. includes a return address: Internet delivers the address of your computer. 131.155.70.11 . 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  9. 2 3 DNS: Domain Name System Browser learns the name-server address, “ 131.155.71.143 ”, ets”: You actually told your browser to by asking the .org name server. strings. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser → 199.19.54.1 : Internet Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? address”. by asking a name server, has the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → browser: “ Ask the pqcrypto.org Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 packet “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” 131.155.70.11 ; IP packet from browser also Internet. includes a return address: delivers the address of your computer. 131.155.70.11 . 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  10. 3 4 DNS: Domain Name System Browser learns the name-server address, “ 131.155.71.143 ”, You actually told your browser to by asking the .org name server. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser → 199.19.54.1 : Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” by asking a name server, the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → browser: “ Ask the pqcrypto.org Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” IP packet from browser also includes a return address: the address of your computer. 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  11. 3 4 DNS: Domain Name System Browser learns the name-server address, “ 131.155.71.143 ”, You actually told your browser to by asking the .org name server. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser → 199.19.54.1 : Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” by asking a name server, the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → browser: “ Ask the pqcrypto.org Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” Browser learns “ 199.19.54.1 ”, IP packet from browser also the .org server address, includes a return address: by asking the root name server. the address of your computer. 131.155.71.143 → browser: “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  12. 3 4 DNS: Domain Name System Browser learns the name-server address, “ 131.155.71.143 ”, You actually told your browser to by asking the .org name server. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . Browser → 199.19.54.1 : Browser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” by asking a name server, the pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → browser: “ Ask the pqcrypto.org Browser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 ” “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” Browser learns “ 199.19.54.1 ”, IP packet from browser also the .org server address, includes a return address: by asking the root name server. the address of your computer. Browser learned root address 131.155.71.143 → browser: by consulting the Bible. “ 131.155.70.11 ”

  13. 3 4 Domain Name System Browser learns the name-server TCP: Transmission address, “ 131.155.71.143 ”, actually told your browser to Packets by asking the .org name server. connect to www.pqcrypto.org . (Actually Browser → 199.19.54.1 : wser learns “ 131.155.70.11 ” Oldest IP “ Where is www.pqcrypto.org? ” asking a name server, ≥ 576. Usually pqcrypto.org name server. 199.19.54.1 → browser: often 1500, “ Ask the pqcrypto.org wser → 131.155.71.143 : name server, 131.155.71.143 ” is www.pqcrypto.org? ” Browser learns “ 199.19.54.1 ”, packet from browser also the .org server address, includes a return address: by asking the root name server. address of your computer. Browser learned root address 131.155.71.143 → browser: by consulting the Bible. 131.155.70.11 ”

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