The nahuas from Ahuelicán Guerrero. Paloma Coatlicue Rodríguez Villarruel Universidad de Guadalajara Bielefeld July 9 th 2009
Linguistic Families in Mexico 1.Mayan Family 2.Oto-manguean Family 3.Álgic Family 4.Cochimí-Yuman Family 5.Totonaco-Tepehuan Family 6.Mixe-zoquen Family 7.yuto-nahuan Family Isolated languages: Seri P'orhepecha Chontal of Oaxaca Huave
Yuto-nahuan Family Yuto-nahuan Family (in Mexico) Cora 17,086 (Nayarit, Durango) Guarijío 1,648 (Sonora, Chihuahua) Huichol 35,724 (Nayarit, Durango, Jalisco) Mayo 32,702 (Sonora, Sinaloa) Náhuatl 1'376,026 Pápago 116 (Sonora) Pima 738 (Chihuahua, Sonora) Tarahumara 75,371 (Chihuahua) Tepehuano del Norte 6,809 (Chihuahua) Tepehuano del Sur 24,782 (Durango, Nayarit, Sinaloa, Zacatecas) Yaqui 14,162 (Sonora)
Mexico
NAHUATL variants (INALI) Veracruz, P otosina and Hidalgo's huasteca Northeastern and Central Veracruz central Eastern and Central east Sierra negra South and North of Puebla West's Sierra and Northeast of Puebla Center, East and North of Puebla Central, low and high western Ixtla, Temixco and Tetela Morelos Western. Low and high west ( Jalisco ) Guerrero Istmo and low of Oaxaca
AHUELICAN GUERRERO Location: 400 km southwest from Mexico city Climate: Warm Population: 1,400 Infrastructure: electricity, few street lighting, drainage only in the main street, water throught two wells , pave streets, one public phone, bad t.v. singnal, transport in pick ups, access by a dirt road, 2 primary schools, 1 secundary school, health center.
Environment Only a few vehicles, specially pick ups. You can see some animals: A lot of donkeys, pigs, hens, dogs and a few horses and cows. Sparce Vegetation: guamuchil (komuchitl), guaje (waxi), mango, avocado (awakatl), etc. There are no cactus (nopal) in the area.
Environment
Streets
To bring the water
Animals
Houses There are houses made of: Walls of red, white and adobe bricks. Roofs of straw, sheet metal and concrete. Of one room to eat, sleep and live or two rooms. They cook with firewood or gas. They sleep on petates (petatl) on the floor, on hammocks or in beds, all together in one room and dressed. There is one room with sheet metal walls to shower. There is no bathroom.
Houses
Economy 50 years ago men worked in the agriculture and women made handicrafts. Today they live of remittances, handicrafts and self-consuming agriculture. Before: The maried man, monolingual, with no school went to USA Today: men from 15 to 20 go to USA., bilinguals, with school, and some with their woman. Today the town is a gost town: with old people, women and children.
Economy
Mobility Women generations from 30 to 70 years learned Spanish when they went to work to Mexico City (mostly domestic work). The men went to work to U.S. Many of the women come back to the village for the growth of their children. Back in there they kept speaking nahuatl The new generations learn Spanish in the school and begin slowly to loose their competence in Nahuatl.
Religion There are four churches in the village, from wich one baptist, one from Jehova's witnesses and two catholics. In one of the catholics the mess ist in latin with the priest standing back to the people in the other it's in Spanisch but never in Nahuatl. Although the people is catholic many of them don't go to the church. They have rather altars to the virgin at home.
Clothes Women Men Skirts and dresses. Scrim pants. Apron. Light-color shirts. Plastic sandals. Leather or plastic sandals (Huaraches). Rebozo Light hats. Long tight hair Short hair (military stile).
The Family
Meals Breakfast: 8-9 a.m. Self baked wheatflour bread with tea or coffee. Lunch: 12-1 p.m. Dinner: 7-8 p.m. Tortillas (nixtamal, tlalchikihtli, mill, mixture, metate) Tlaxcahlli (nixtamahlli, tlalchikihtli, molino, tihtli, metatl) Tlaxcaloa. Chile (chilli), beans (eetl), onion (xonakatl), tomatoe (tomatl), squash (ayohtli).
Food For special ocassions: Pasta, cream, cheese, avocado (awakatl), egg, atohle (mais beverage), guavas, mangos, jam, pork, chicken, fish and beaf. Besides the children they never drink milk. The feed and butchery of the pig.
The pig
Domestic labors The women go to the mill, cook, feed the animals, take care of the children, wash and clean the house. The men bring the water and fix things when needed. The children older than six have to help according with their gender. The girls learn to make tortillas since eight and help their mothers to wash everyone's clothes.
language: Nahuatl (diglossia) Spanish Nahuatl School Familiy Church Friends Health center Neighbors Grosery Stores Administration Loudspeaker Familiar meetings Trade Television/movies Music
Nahuatl lost School Spanish Ideology of their language as useless. Migration to the cities in Mexico and to US.
Riddle: zazanihli In Codex Florentinensis, work collected by Fray Bernardino de Sahagún in the XVIth century, there is a colection of 46 zazanihli. In the 90s many researchers found new zazanihli in the nahua villages of central Guerrero.
Corpus 21 persons interviewed: three young persons between 15 to 30 (two men, one woman); ten adults between 45 to 60 (four men, six women); eight elderly (four male y four female). The only ones who did know any zazanihli were three adults (two females, one man) and two old men. Results: fourteen zazanihli
Zazanihli Old one: Zazan tleino Huipiltitich ¿Qué es, qué es? Va con su ropa muy apretada. New one: xtlamati tleinkitosneki se kualka iuan se teotlak nixamia ¿No sabes lo que quiere decir? En la mañana y en la tarde me lavo la cara
Zazanihli
Zazanihli (1) (1)maaske mas ti-k-ita-s-neki aunque RED 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-ver-FUT-querer 'aunque la querrás ver' x-wel ti-k-ita-s NEG-posible 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-ver-FUT 'no podrás verla' R= m-ix-kwa-tetl 2sgPOSS-cara/ojo-cabeza-piedra 'tu frente'
Zazanihli (1) (1) maaske mas ti-k-kwaa-s-neki aunque RED 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-comer-FUT-querer 'aunque lo querrás comer' x-wel ti-k-kwaa-s NEG-posible 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-comer-FUT 'no podrás comerlo' R= mo-maa-sesepok 2sgPOSS-mano/brazo-articulación 'tu codo'
Zazanihli (2) loma (2) t-ia-s iipan se 2sgSUJ-ir-FUT LOC uno loma 'irás a una loma' pa ti-koo-nexti-s se lamatsin ? 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-encontrar-FUT uno viejita 'encontrarás una viejita' tlaaxka-so-sol-tee-pew-tok tortilla-RED-viejo-mucho-empezar-PROG 'se están empezando a endurecer las tortillas' R= chitahtli red para comida 'red para las tortillas frias'
Zazanihli (2)
Zazanihli (2) (2) t-ia-s iipan se kalli 2sgSUJ-ir-FUT LOC uno casa 'irás a una casa' ti-koo-neexti-s se lamatsin 2sgSUJ-3sgOBJ-encontrar-FUT uno viejita 'encontrarás una viejita' miak ki-pia tlaxkal-so-solli muchas [3sgSUJ]-3sgOBJ-tener tortilla-RED-vieja 'tiene muchas tortillas viejas y duras' R= awatl espina puntiaguda (el nopal)
Zazanihli (2)
Conclusion Ethnicity Lost of nahuatl Zazanihli
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