Terry Andrews LEED™ AP tandrews@calmac.com The World’s Leader in Thermal Energy Storage
Thermal storage systems remove heat from or add heat to a storage medium for use at another time. For ice or water based systems, this means using a chiller to produce ice or water during the night when electric rates are lower and using the ice for cooling during the peak periods.
OVERVIEW OF ENERGY STORAGE WITH A FOCUS ON THERMAL STORAGE DESCRIBE ENERGY STORAGE (ES) EXAMPLES OF ES REVIEW ELECTRIC RATES HOW DOES ES ENHANCE THE VALUE OF RENEWABLES CA TITLE 24 LEED NET ZERO DESIGN INCENTIVES (PLS PROGRAM) 3
THERMALLY WELDED POLYETHYLENE TUBING
Edwards AFB Encinitas Civic Center CA Encinitas, CA Nordstrom Dept. Store Los Positas CC Hawaii Livermore, CA
Stratified Tank Design
100 DEMAND (kW) Peak kW based on the highest cooling load, % of design 75 peak that occurred during the month 50 ENERGY (kWh) Area under the curve totaled for 25 every day of the month 0 midnight 6 a.m. noon 6 p.m. midnight
Demand charges are additive for many buildings (Summer peak period is noon to 6pm, June thru September, 4 months) $34.95/kW Summer demand charges include: $ 16.74/kW during peak period + $ 18.21/kW for the facilities related demand What the heck is a facilities demand charge? It’s a 2 nd demand charge for high peak demand that occurs during the previous month….independent of the time of day. It is defined in the rate sheet as follows: ”The Facilities Related Component shall be for the kW of Maximum Demand recorded during (or established for) the monthly billing period.”
2000 1800 Demand - $34.95/kW 1600 1400 k Cooling 1200 1000 Pumps W 800 Fans 600 Lighting 400 Base Load 200 0
2000 $20.970/month 1800 For 4 Summer Months, saved in 4 1600 Effective Total Demand: summer months $34.95/kW 1400 k 600 kW Shed 1200 1000 Pumps W 800 Fans Charging 600 Lighting Storage 400 Base Load 200 0
Demand Charges make up 53% of total electric bill. Also check out the huge disparity between on-peak and off-peak pricing. 13
Energy flows mostly one way
Stored Energy Energy
Energy Flows into and out of the grid
Net Zero Grid Building Wind Turbine Solar Panel zero The grid becomes responsible for backup energy when the wind stops blowing or the sun is not shining Batteries Fossil fuel is a form of Fossil Fuels stored energy Designers tend to remove building sited renewable back up equipment Thermal
Procuring 5 times the amount required by utility demonstrates: The Need for Energy Storage That Energy Storage Technology Exists That Energy Storage is Cost Effective Courtesy Southern California Edison
Courtesy Southern California Edison
PLS Incentives PG&E, SCE, SDG&E $875 per kW shifted $12K to $25K per tank Water Usage Provide water cooled efficiencies with air cooled chillers & ice 21
Title 24 employs a “TIME DEPENDENT VALUATION” when evaluating energy usage. This encourages load shifting.
The “TIME DEPENDENT VALUATION” uses multipliers that vary with the hour, energy type, climate zone and building type. Per Energy Design Resources “e - News” TDV “Favors measures such as day lighting or thermal storage that save energy during periods of peak demand”
Performance & Prescriptive Approaches The Performance Approach - Determine an energy budget using TDV per the ACM Manual (The “performance approach” is used to demonstrate that the building exceeds Title 24 standards )
THERMAL STORAGE WILL HELP YOU EXCEED TITLE 24 BY LARGER MARGINS FROM 5 % TO 20% MORE THIS IS HUGE
LEED TM Credits V3 NC Certified 40 – 49 points Materials & Silver 50 – 59 points Resources Gold 60 – 79 points Water Platinum 80 points and above Efficiency Indoor Sustainable Sites: 26 points Environmental Water Efficiency: 10 points Quality Energy* & Atmosphere: 35 points Sustainable Sites Materials & Resources: 14 points Energy & Indoor Environment Quality: 15 points Atmosphere Base Points Possible 100 points Innovation & Design: 6 points Regional Priority 4 points *19 Energy Credits are based on ASHRAE 90.1 which is based on Energy COST Reduction
www.usgbc.org
Defined by load shapes Typical applications: Offices Education Military Bases Government Buildings Hospitals 28
120 Cooling Load Profile Ice Cooling 100 Chiller Cooling 80 Tons 60 40 20 0 2 2 4 6 8 0 2 2 4 6 8 0 2 1 1 1 1 1 Time
120 Cooling Load Profile Ice Cooling 100 Chiller Cooling Ice Making 80 Tons 60 40 20 0 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time
120 Cooling Load Profile Ice Cooling 100 Chiller Cooling Ice Making 80 Tons 60 40 20 0 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 2 4 6 8 10 12 Time
Coil & Glycol 50 60 175 ton Chiller Melted Ice 300 ton Ice Load 50 Similar to Chilled Water System 44 Added: Blending Valve Temperature Diverting Valve Control Valve Ice Tanks (No Moving Parts) Controls Heat Transfer Fluid
Coil & Glycol 31 25 175 ton Chiller 300 ton Load Ice Temperature Control Valve
Coil & Glycol 44 54 175 ton Chiller 175 ton Ice Load
Coil & Glycol 50 60 175 ton Chiller Melted 300 ton Ice Ice Load 44 Temperature Control Valve
Plate Frame Heat Exchanger With Recirculation Loop for Night Loads V1 GLYCOL V2 HX To Load WATER P1 P1
INCLUDES: CHILLER CONTROLS PUMP PACKAGE TANKS
THE GRID IS CHANGING TRANSFORMATION TO A STABLE GRID & NET ZERO DESIGNS WILL INCLUDE MANY TYPES OF STORAGE RENEWABLES ARE DRIVING THE CHANGE MOST RATES SUPPORT CUSTOMER SITED STORAGE – LOOK FOR DEMAND ($/kW) UTILITIES ARE ENCOURAGING MANY FORMS OF STORAGE 38
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