T HE C LEAN M ACHINE A GLIMPSE AT REAL WORLD SPRAYER CLEAN OUT - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

T HE C LEAN M ACHINE … A GLIMPSE AT ‘ REAL WORLD ’ SPRAYER CLEAN OUT PRACTICES Thia Walker Colorado State University Extension Specialist-Pesticide Safety Education Dr. Delphine Farmer Colorado State University Department of Chemistry

W HEN DO APPLICATORS CLEAN THEIR SPRAY EQUIPMENT ? � At the end of the day? � At the end of the week? � When changing pesticides? � When changing sites?

W HAT PROCEDURE DO THEY USE ? SO many issues! � Where to do it? � How much water to use? � What to do with the rinsates? � Do you need to use tank cleaners?

S URVEY & E FFECTIVENESS OF P ESTICIDE A PPLICATION E QUIPMENT C LEANOUT M ETHODS HICAHS R ESEARCH P ROJECT Thia Walker – CSU Extension Specialist Dr. Delphine Farmer – CSU, Department of Chemistry

Part 1: Survey • Demographic info & opinions on � cleaning equipment Info about the sprayer you use � Info on your tank cleaning procedure � Part 2: Collect samples during • normal cleanout (1 time) Volunteer to participate - ‘contact survey’ � What you get/ What we get �

R ESULTS : TYPES OF APPLICATORS & SITES Commercial Applicators (n=433) 28% 46% 30% 46% 30% Private Applicators Ag weed (n=440) 40% T/O weed ROW 43% Ag Insects 94% Rangeland 22% Orn. insect/Plant disease 40% Weed 58% Insect Plant disease Rangeland ROW

S URVEY R ESULTS : Types of applications (n=611) 5% Aerial Ground 96% All Applicators Years of Experience (n=584) 4% 12% Less than 1 year 1-3 years 84% More than 3 years

A T ANYTIME OVER THE LAST 5 YEARS , HAVE YOU OBSERVED SYMPTOMS TO OFF - TARGET PLANTS ? (n=608) � Yes 16% � No 84%

R ESULTS : C ONCERNS ABOUT CLEANING EQUIPMENT � The majority found the following ‘NOT IMPORTANT’ � Time Consuming (n=596) � Too much ‘downtime’ for equipment (n=593) � Cost of tank cleaning additives (n=598) � The majority found the following ‘VERY IMPORTANT’ � No suitable place to clean sprayer (n=600) � Limited availability of clean water (n=600) � Limited place to put rinsates during cleaning (n=596) � Difficulty in thoroughly rinsing sprayer tank (n=592)

R ESULTS : H OW OFTEN DO YOU CLEAN YOUR SPRAYER ? (n=587) � When switching types of pesticide (60%) � When switching sites (31%) � At end of season as part of winterizing equipment (37%) � At the end of each day’s use (22%) R ESULTS : H OW L ONG DOES YOUR TANK CLEANING PROCEDURE TAKE ? (n=591) � Less than 30 minutes (30%) � 30 minutes to 1 hour (53%) � More than 1 hour (18%)

R ESULTS : W HERE IS EQUIPMENT CLEANED ? � At the application site (n=598) � Most times (38%) � Occasionally (25%) � Never (37%) � At the facility where sprayer is stored (n=597) � Most times (53%) � Occasionally (29%) � Never (18%)

R ESULTS : H OW DO YOU DISPOSE OF RINSATES FROM TANK CLEANING ? Applicators (n=582) Pull the plug & let it drain 23% 23% Apply to labeled application site Store for future use 71%

R ESULTS : P ROCEDURES � Which procedure do you typically use? (n=599) � Run water through, then water + tank cleaner + final rinse with water (50%) pesticidestewardship.org � Run water through system, followed by water + tank cleaner (14%) � Just run water through system (34%) How full do you fill the tank? (n=593) 13% Less than 1/3 36% 17% 1/3-1/2 full More than 1/2 full 35% Completely full

R ESULTS : PPE Commercial applicators: Do you wear PPE when cleaning the sprayer? All applicators: (n=416) Do you wear PPE when Yes cleaning the sprayer? (n=595) 8% No 13% Yes 92% No 87% Private applicators: Do you wear PPE when cleaning the sprayer? (n=431) Yes 15% No 85%

R ESULTS : A DDITIVES What additives do you use? (n=591) 9% Just Water 14% Commercial tank cleaner 48% Ammonia 40% Bleach

W EBSITE FOR A DJUVANTS HTTP :// WWW . HERBICIDE - ADJUVANTS . COM

Van Diest’s Complex phosphates, sodium silicate, sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, monocyclic terpenes, and nonionic surfactant

Part 1: Survey • Demographic info & opinions on cleaning � equipment Info about the sprayer you use � Info on your tank cleaning procedure � Part 2: Collect samples during • normal cleanout (1 time) � Volunteer to participate - ‘contact survey’ � What you get/ What we get �

P ART 2 - C OLLECTING SAMPLES � Approved by IRB � Participants provided with: � 6 Sampling jars � Water source � Spray sol’n � Rinse 1, Rinse 2, Rinse 3 � Tank cleaner � Shipping box /packing tape, ship label for return to CSU � Paperwork to document info about equipment, pesticides in tank, and procedure used

� By August, 26 samples had been returned… S TILL COLLECTING DATA ! � Of the 8 analyzed, 2 indicate that the procedures were NOT adequate!

R ESULTS OF PESTICIDE SAMPLING � Average cleanout efficiency was 95% � Chemicals recently used: Glyphosate 2,4-D Dicamba Aminopyralid Picloram Metsulfuron-methyl Clopyralid � Comparing final rinse analysis to MCL for drinking water

I S NUMBER OF RINSES IMPORTANT ? F INAL R INSE C ONCENTRATIONS : � Sample 23: 1 rinse, no tank cleaner (15 gal tank) � 2,4-D 94.5% � Dicamba 96.2% � Sample 36: 2 rinses, tank cleaner (25 gal tank) � 2,4-D 99.6% � Dicamba 99.8% � Sample 1: 3 rinses, no tank cleaner (150 gal tank) � 2,4-D 99.7% � Dicamba 99.9% � Sample 7: 3 rinses, tank cleaner (1000 gal tank) � 2,4-D 99.7% � Dicamba 99.8%

P ESTICIDE REMOVAL BY RINSE � Sample 36: 2 rinses, no tank cleaner (25 gal tank) � 2,4-D 94.0% 99.6% � Dicamba 96.8% 99.8% � Sample 17: 3 rinses, no tank cleaner (30 gal tank) � 2,4-D 91.5% 90.2% 97.2% � Dicamba 98.6% 99.1% 100% � Chlorsulfuron 96.7% 99.8% 100% � Sample 42: 3 rinses, tank cleaner (390 gal tank) � 2,4-D 84.2% 94.5% 99.8% � Dicamba 88.4% 99.5% 100% � Aminopyralid 94.4% 99.9% 100% � Picloram 91.7% 99.2% 99.9%

C OLORADO C LEANOUT STUDY � 17% of the samples had 2,4-D & dicamba detected that wasn’t indicated as part of the tank solution sampled! � 2 had NO Glyphosate, NO tank cleaner ( 2,4-D ) � 2 had Glyphosate + tank cleaner ( 2,4-D & dicamba ) � 4 used adjuvants in tank mix: Wipeout, COC, Class Act, Induce pH, Brewer 90/10, Activate ( 2,4-D in one, dicamba in the other 3 )

C ONTAMINANTS IN WATER S OURCE ? � Some samples had contaminants in the water used to cleanout! � 2,4-D 442.5 ppb � Dicamba 235.9 ppb � Picloram 237.5 ppb � Metsulfuron 132.1 ppb

D OES S IZE OF TANK MATTER ? A RE S MALL TANKS EASIER ? � 300 gal tank, 3 rinses, no tank cleaner � 60/40/40 rinse 2,4-D 99.9% removed Dicamba 100% removed Fluroxypyr 100% removed Mecoprop 100% removed � 300 gal tank, 2 rinses, tank cleaner � 100/ rinse 2,4-D 98.7% removed Dicamba 99.9% removed Imazapyr 99.9% removed

D OES S IZE OF TANK MATTER ? L ARGE TANKS � 1000 gal tank, 3 rinses � 250/rinse 2,4-D 99.7% removed Dicamba 99.9% removed � 1200 gal tank, 2 rinses (no tank cleaner) � 300/rinse 2,4-D 91.6% removed � 1200 gal tank, 3 rinses � 75-100/rinse 2,4-D 99.7% removed 99.8% removed Dicamba � 1500 gal tank, 3 rinses � 100/rinse 2,4-D 98.4% removed 100% removed Dicamba

W HERE DO YOU PUT ALL THAT RINSATE ? � 1000 gal tank, 3 rinses � 250/rinse 750 GALLONS � 1200 gal tank, 2 rinses � 300/rinse 600 GALLONS � 1200 gal tank, 3 rinses 225-300 GALLONS � 75-100/rinse � 1500 gal tank, 3 rinses � 100/rinse 300 GALLONS Don’t contaminate water sources!

H OW MANY THINGS ARE YOU PUTTING IN THE TANK ? � 1200 gal tank, 3 rinses � 100/400/300 2,4-D 73.4% removed Dicamba 98.4% removed metsulfuron 99.4% removed But also had COC Class Act (AMS) Glyphosate

T ANK MIXES … � Number of Products per tank mix � One – 3 samples � Two – 11 samples � Three – 35 samples � Four – 4 samples � Number of Active Ingredients per tank mix � Two – 9 samples � Three – 19 samples � Four – 14 samples � Five – 4 samples � Six – 1 sample � Seven – 2 samples � Eight – 2 samples

T HINGS TO REMEMBER WHEN TANK MIXING …. � Use PPE for the most ‘restrictive’ product � Purestand (metsulfuron) CAUTION � Rifle (dicamba) WARNING � Grazon P & D (picloram & 2,4-D) DANGER � Watch for MAXIMUM seasonal or crop cycle rates & potential for accumulation! � Trimec plus MEC Amine D (2,4-D, dicamba, MCPP) � Maximum seasonal limits on 2,4-D and dicamba a.e. � ManKocide plus Kocide (Cu Hydroxide – 30% Cu) � Cu doesn’t breakdown - it can accumulate!

W HAT DID WE LEARN SO FAR ?.... � Number of rinses? 3 rinses , most below detection � Cleaning agent? Possibly helps …choose the appropriate one… � Other products used in tank mix? Surfactants, COC might ‘loosen’ some residues in hard-to-clean places in the tank, impacting subsequent applications � Agitation during cleaning cycles seems to help � Read labels for cleaning instructions – generics?

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