Succession Planting – Relaying II II • Plant several varieties with different maturity dates at the same time 1. Cabernet 22d 2. Cherry Belle 20-30d 3. Mino Early 40d 4. Minowase 45d 5. Watermelon 50-60d 6. Okhura 65-70d 7. Giant White 70d Month March April May June Date 1 11 21 31 10 20 30 10 20 30 9 19 29 Crop Radish P 1,2 2 3,4 5 5 6 6,7 37
Week 1 38
Week 2 39
Week 3 40
Week 4 41
Week 5 Mulch/Cover Crop/Next Crop 42
Week 6 Mulch/Cover Crop/Next Crop 43
Week 7 Mulch/Cover Crop/Next Crop 44
Succession Plus Crop Rotation For a larger garden that can rotate families through multiple beds For a smaller garden that has to mix families in a single bed 45
Garden Jo Journals 46
IP IPM: In Integrated Pest Management • Ecosystem-based strategy that focuses on long-term prevention of pests or their damage and minimizes risks to human health, beneficial and non-target organisms and the environment. • Use Cultural Practices that Encourage Healthy Plants • Monitor for Problems • ID Pest/Cause • Determine if Treatment is Really Needed • Select Control Strategy Starting with Controls that Minimize Health and Environmental Risks 48
Managing In Insects Goal: encourage the good bugs, control the bad ones without the use of harmful insecticides • Before planting, gain an understanding of the pest (bad bug), and the beneficial organism (good bug) associated with crop • Correctly identify adult pests and beneficial insects • Correctly identify immature life stages such as eggs, nymphs & larvae • Learn and look for the signs and symptoms Pests are more effectively controlled when their numbers are low.
Recognizing Insect Damage Plants are damaged by i nsect’s mouth parts: • Chewing mouth part • Sucking mouth part (beak) Which leave behind signs & symptoms: • Chewed leaves • Discoloration • Distortion • Dieback • Insect products
Questions To Ask: • What insect pests can I expect, based on what crops I’m planting? • What do the offensive bugs look like? • Mature insects? • Nymph stage, Larvae? • Eggs? • What does the damage to your plants look like? • What is the least toxic method to deal with the situation?
Unwelcome Garden Guests
Japanese Beetle Grubs Damage Adult
Bad Bug Swimming Pool Once you find a bad bug what do you do with it? Create a bad bug swimming pool Collect plastic jars Add water and a bit of dish soap Place them conveniently Drop in – bugs, eggs, larvae
Asparagus Beetle Spotted A.B. Common A.B. Damage Eggs Larvae
Squash Bug Eggs Nymphs Damage
Harlequin Bug Eggs Damage Adult Nymphs
Row cover Trap Crop 59
Imported Cabbage Worm Sign
Colorado Potato Beetle Damage Adult Larvae Eggs
Cucumber Beetle Damage
Good Bugs Can Help It’s just as important to know what to leave alone in your vegetable garden Encourage beneficial predators who hunt, attack & kill the bad bugs. This means less bad bugs for you to deal with!
Welcome Garden Guests
Green Lacewing
Praying Mantid Egg Case
A Reason to Welcome Both the Bad and the Good
Braconid Wasp vs. Hornworm
Practice Beneficial In Insect Gardening Interplant flowers among your vegetable garden Without flowers to attract pollinators there would be no vegetables like cucumbers, melons, and squash.
Resources That Can Help http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/FAQ/natural- http://offices.ext.vt.edu/rockingham/programs enemies-poster.pdf /anr/Horticulture/Links/ipminsectguide.pdf
Key Takeaways An observant gardener is the best deterrent • Walk the garden everyday Take a close look for damaged leaves, egg masses, frass and bugs • Research a bug’s life cycle • Remember pesticides do not discriminate and will kill the good bugs too • Understand that no matter what there will be some damage…and that is okay!
The Importance of Learning a Bug’s Scenario 3 – ladybug life cycle Life Cycle
Break 78
Birds in the Garden • All birds are insectivorous at some point in their lives • Many songbirds are at least seasonally insectivorous • Attracting birds to your garden can help reduce insect pressure 79
Attract Birds by Addressing Their Needs • Food • Water • Nesting sites • Shelter • DON’T use pesticides on your plants 80
Attracting Birds • Station several shallow bird baths around your landscape for drinking and bathing. • Clean regularly • Refill regularly in hot weather • Bird baths on a pedestal give birds a clear view of any predators approaching • Heating your birdbath in winter is a very good option. • Sheltering trees and dense shrubs nearby allow birds to hide from predators, relief from high heat and protection from high winds and heavy storm events 81
Wrens • Can be important in the garden • Eat seeds and insects including Japanese beetles! • Will nest just about anywhere • Can be a problem when they choose dryer vents, the shelf on a BBQ, etc. • Will readily build a nest in a nest box if available • Larger birds can evict wrens if openings are too large • Should have an opening 1 1/4 inch diameter and no perch • Mount box 6-10 ’ above ground on an outer tree branch • Face opening eastward to catch early morning sun rays 82
Drawbacks to Songbirds in the Garden • They can attract • predator birds • small mammals • Some bird species can damage crops just before harvest • Fruits are a favorite of many birds 83
Mammalian Pests • Rabbits • Deer • Ground Hogs • Squirrels
Know thy Enemy
Dealing with Wildlife • Identify species before you choose a control, look for signs • Don’t treat wild animals as pets or family entertainment • Keep wild animals wild, don’t feed them around your home • Wildlife needs food, water, space and shelter. Remove any one of these and the animals will go somewhere else.
Nuisance Wildlife • Under state law, nuisance species can be killed at anytime and in any manner that is legal under state and local laws • It is NOT legal to trap live wildlife and move it to another location. • Permit or hunting license is required to use lethal methods on other wildlife that becomes a nuisance.
Control with Habitat Modification • Learn the habits, preferences and requirements of the offending animal(s) and remove or modify the habitat to make your yard unattractive to wildlife pests. • Mow tall grass • Remove piles
Control with Removal & Repellents Removal • Treats the symptom, not the problem • Moving wildlife without permit is illegal Repellents • Combination provides most effective solution • Most are sprayed on plants. Some are not labeled for use on edible crops or vegetable gardens. Read and follow all label restrictions
Control through Exclusion • Fencing • Stake or secure the fence firmly to the ground • Curve outward 12” - 18”at ground level to deter diggers • Hardware cloth, chicken wire, or mesh • Groundhogs can chew through chicken wire • Netting
Groundhogs • Brown in color with brownish-black tail • Length: 26 inches and 6 inch tail • Weight: 14 lbs. • Excel at climbing, digging and chewing • Nuisance species…
Groundhogs Habits • Mating occurs in spring; gestation period is 31 days • 4-5 young in a single liter • Does hibernate • Ground-dwelling • Great ability to dig and burrow Food • Vegetarians • Love, love, love green crops • Green beans, peas, melon shoots, sweet potatoes
Groundhogs The damage they do • Dig many, many holes • Damage gardens, lawns, and hay lots • Insatiable appetite How to prevent them from being pests? • Fencing 3 feet high with 10-12 inches buried in dirt • Bend top edge outward to a 45 degree angle or floppy • Human activity is a deterrent
Groundhog Hotel
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