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1. Frames 2. Shifting 3. Metonymy 4. Word formation 5. Conclusion 2 Whats a frame? Surfin ng the f frame n et A frame is a complex condition on its potential


  1. 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 2 � What’s a frame? � Surfin ng the f frame n et A � frame � is � a � complex � condition � on � its � potential � referent. � Me etonymy y and si imilar p phenom mena as evidenc ce for a a frame The � condition � is � in � terms � of � attributes � of � the � referent � and � their � values. � - appro oach to concep pts Attributes � assign � unique � values. � Se ebastian � L Löbner � The � values � of � the � attributes � may � themselves � carry � attributes, � and � so � on, � Hein nrich � Hei ne � Unive ersität � Dü üsseldorf - recursively. � � Univ versity � of � Glasgow w � Attributes � are � defined � for � certain � ontological/conceptual � types � of � possessors � - Institu ute � of � Ne euroscien nce � and � P Psycholog gy � and � assign � values � of � a � certain � ontological/conceptual � type. �� 11 � April, � 1 2016 � Various � constraints � may � be � imposed � on � the � structure, � e.g. � constraints � on � the � - � value � of � an � attribute, � or � on � value � correlations � between � attributes. � � D üsseldorf, , � CRC � 991 � � “The � Stru ucture � of � R Represent tations � in � Language e, � Cognitio on, � and � Sc cience” � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 1 � 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 3 � 1. Barsalou frames Figure 1: Basic structural unit of a Barsalou frame (original) � � According � to � Barsalou, � frames � may � be � the � structure � of � human � cognitive � possessor attribute value representations � in � general. � �� �� �� Frame Hypothesis ASPECT TYPE Frames � are � the � general � format � concepts � in � human � cognition. � Corollary Frames � are � the � general � format � of � lexical � and � compositional � meanings. � Thus, � linguistic � semantics � can � provide � evidence � for � or � against � the � Frame � Hypothesis. Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 �

  2. 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 4 � 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 6 � Figure 4: Basic structural unit of a Barsalou frame – extended Figure 2: Basic structural unit of a Barsalou frame (restructured) � � � ( possessor ) � value � ( possessor ) � value ATTRIBUTE � ATTRIBUTE � ATTRIBUTE value � � � � � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 5 � 1. Frames � 2. � Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 7 � Figure 3: Basic structural unit of a Barsalou frame – extended Sortal concepts � Concepts � that � describe � their � referents � in � terms � of � their � properties, � i.e. � in � terms � of � � their � attributes � and � the � values � those � take. � � � ( possessor ) � value Example: ��� ATTRIBUTE Lexical � meanings � of � common � nous � such � as � person , � cat , � tree , � chair , � noun � etc. � � ATTRIBUTE value � � � Frames � for � sortal � concepts � have � a � characteristic structure : � � � There � is � a � central � node � representing � the � potential � referent(s) � of � the � frame. � Every � other � node � in � the � frame � can � be � reached � from � the � central � node � in � a � finite � number � of � attribute � links � / � by � a � chain � of � attributes. � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 �

  3. 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 8 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 10 � 2. Shifting reference in a frame 2. Shifting reference in a frame � Focusing � on � the � campus � � � university university ADMINISTRATION � � ADMINISTRATION � � STAFF STAFF � COURSES COURSES STUDENTS � STUDENTS PREMISES � PREMISES � � SOCCER � TEAM � SOCCER � TEAM � campus � campus � � � Disconnection of the source attribute (no � link � from � target � to � source) � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 9 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 11 � 2. Shifting reference in a frame 2. Shifting reference in a frame Focusing � on � the � campus � Focusing � on � the � campus � � � university university ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION � � � � STAFF STAFF � � COURSES COURSES � STUDENTS � STUDENTS OCCUPANT PREMISES � PREMISES � � � SOCCER � TEAM � SOCCER � TEAM � � � campus campus � � � � Shift reference to the campus � node � > � activation of attributes of the target Re � linking the target to the source by inverting the relation � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 �

  4. 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 12 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 14 � 2. Shifting reference in a frame 2. Shifting reference in a frame Focusing � on � the � campus � Focusing � on � the � campus � � � university university ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION � � � � STAFF STAFF � � COURSES COURSES � STUDENTS OCCUPANT � STUDENTS OCCUPANT PREMISES � PREMISES � � � SOCCER � TEAM � SOCCER � TEAM � � campus � u. campus � � � � > Thereby re � activating the attributes of the original source � Two metonymically nested concepts Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 13 � 1. � Frames � 2. Shifting � 3. � Metonymy � 4. � Word � formation � 5. � Conclusion � 15 � 2. Shifting reference in a frame 2. Shifting reference in a frame Focusing � on � the � campus � Focusing � on � the � campus � � � university university ADMINISTRATION ADMINISTRATION � � � � STAFF STAFF � � COURSES COURSES � STUDENTS � STUDENTS OCCUPANT OCCUPANT PREMISES � PREMISES � � � SOCCER � TEAM � SOCCER � TEAM � � university � � u. campus � � � � � Two metonymically nested concepts � Metonymy Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 � Löbner � Surfing � the � frame � net �� Glasgow � 1 � April � 2016 �

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