Presenting a live 90-minute webinar with interactive Q&A Structuring Pledge Agreements for Equity Interests in Partnerships and LLCs to Maximize Protection for Lenders Drafting Key Provisions in the Security Agreement and Corresponding Amendments to the Borrower's Operating Agreement THURSDAY, JUNE 9, 2016 1pm Eastern | 12pm Central | 11am Mountain | 10am Pacific Today’s faculty features: Edwin E. Smith, Partner, Morgan Lewis & Bockius , Boston and New York Steven O. Weise, Partner, Proskauer Rose , Los Angeles Howard M. Berkower , Partner, McCarter & English , New York The audio portion of the conference may be accessed via the telephone or by using your computer's speakers. Please refer to the instructions emailed to registrants for additional information. If you have any questions, please contact Customer Service at 1-800-926-7926 ext. 10 .
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Structuring Pledge Agreements for Equity Interests in Partnerships and LLCs to Maximize Protection for Lenders Howard Berkower McCarter & English, LLP Edwin E. Smith Morgan, Lewis & Bockius LLP Steve Weise Proskauer Rose LLP June 2016 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Topics • UCC characterization of equity interests • Describe the collateral • Restrictions on assignment • Perfection • Priority • Series entities • Secured party remedies 6 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
UCC Articles 8 and 9 – characterization of equity interests • UCC type o Investment property o General intangible • Categories of investment property o Certificated security o Uncertificated security o Security entitlement / securities account 7 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Effect of categorization on structuring • Description / indication of collateral o Functional v. UCC type • Choice of law • Restrictions on assignment • Perfection methods • Priority o Control / possession o Protected purchaser 8 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Equity interests under Article 9 • Article 8 determines what is a security / investment property for purposes of Article 9 [§§ 8-102, 8-103] • Treatment under securities laws or other non-UCC law does not determine whether an equity interest is a security / investment property for UCC purposes [§ 8-102(d)] 9 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Certificated and uncertificated securities – (§ 8-103) • Security = share or similar equity interest issued by: o Corporation / business trust / statutory trust o “Similar entity” • Not a security: o Partnership interest o LLC interest o Unless … • Exceptions to exclusion of LLC and partnership interests: o Override exclusion by “opting in” [ § 8-103(c)] o Held as a security entitlement (in a securities account) o Registered investment company / publicly traded 10 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Categories of investment property • Certificated securities o Evidenced by a certificate under non-UCC law • Uncertificated securities o Book-entry on issuer records • Securities account/security entitlement o A collection of “security entitlements” o Held at a “securities intermediary” o Different from an uncertificated security o Different from a deposit account 11 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Does secured party prefer investment property? • “Protected purchaser” / free of claims [ §§ 8-303, 8-502, 8-503, 8-510] o Title? • Perfection by delivery (possession) / control [§§ 9-313, 9-314] (discussed below) • Priority (discussed below) o Possession “super priority” [ § 9-328(5)] o Control “super priority” [ § 9-328(1), (3)] 12 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
How to opt in • § 8-103(c) – LLC or partnership interest is a security if “its terms expressly provide that it is a security governed by this Article [8]” o Comment 4 to § 8-103 o Prefatory Note to Article 8 [Section III(C)(8)] • Certificate doesn’t make interest an Article 8 security • Legend a certificate? 13 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Prevent opt out? • Proxy to vote on changes to opt in, certification of interest provisions, etc. o See notes below on proxies • LLC/partnership agreement provisions o Secured party voting/consent rights o Prevent modification of entity agreement (including through merger) • Issuer agreement not to modify opt in and certification of interests provisions 14 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Collateral description – entity statutes • Collateral description – what terms does the applicable state entity statute use? Delaware LLC Act does not use the term “membership interest” o – discusses: Economic rights Control rights Member status • Delaware LLC Act limits definition of “limited liability company interest” to economic rights: “a member’s share of the profits and losses of an LLC and a member’s right to receive distributions of the LLC’s assets” Doesn’t cover (i) right to manage or control, (ii) right to o information and review of books and records, or (iii) right to compel dissolution 15 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Description of collateral • Description is sufficient, whether or not it is specific, if it reasonably identifies what is described [ § 9-108(a)] o Examples of reasonable description (including by UCC type) [ § 9-108(b)] o Description of a security entitlement, securities account or commodity account is sufficient if it describes: (i) by those terms or as investment property, or (ii) the underlying financial asset or commodity contract [ § 9-108(d)] o Consumer transaction rule [9-108(e)] • Monticello ( aff’d 2011 unreported 6th Cir. opinion) - § 9-108(d) not a safe harbor, but a limitation on the more general rules in § 9-108(a) and (b) 16 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Entity statutes – description of interest • Compare NY LLC Act o Membership interest = “a member’s aggregate rights in an LLC including, without limitation, (i) the member’s right to a share of the profits and losses of the LLC, (ii) the right to receive distributions from the LLC, and (iii) the member’s right to vote and participate in the management of the LLC” • Other states similar to NY (but not identical) • Check the relevant state’s entity statute 17 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Delaware LLC Act • § 18-702(a) – economic rights are assignable in whole or in part except as provided in the LLC agreement • § 18-702(b)(1) - unless the LLC agreement provides otherwise an assignment of an LLC interest does not entitle the assignee to become or exercise any rights or powers of a member • § 18-704(a) – assignee may become a member (1) as provided in the LLC agreement or (2) unless otherwise provided in the LLC agreement upon the affirmative vote or written consent of all of the members of the LLC 18 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Side effects • Unintended dissolution and winding up of entity upon transfer of economic rights in foreclosure – e.g. under Delaware LLC Act o § 18-702(b)(3) – upon foreclosure debtor member is dissociated from member status o § 18-801(a)(4) – if no member, LLC is dissolved and shall be wound up • Practice pointer - the UCC result doesn’t always follow from the entity statute and governing agreements o Need to review entity statute and agreements, think about need for amendments to agreements and / or consents, and document the security interest appropriately 19 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
Other effects of opt in • All of Article 8 applicable o Effect of transfer restrictions [§ 8-204] o Issuer rights and duties [§ e.g . 8-401] • Lost certificates / replacement certificates [§ 8-405] o Subsequent protected purchaser [§ 8-405(b)] • Effect on Article 9 negation of anti-assignment provisions [§§ 9-406 and 9-408]? 20 Intersection of UCC and LLC Law
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