State of the Art in ED-XRF What is it and what can it do? E NERGY D - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

State of the Art in ED-XRF What is it and what can it do? E NERGY D ISPERSIVE X - R AY F LUORESCENCE 
 
 SPECTROMETRY

Analytical Methods in Gemmology • IRS Infrared Spectroscopy • FTIR Fourier Transformed Spectroscopy • RS Raman Spectroscopy • Luminescence (Laser, Electrons, Ions) • UV-VIS-NIR Spectroscopy • LIBS Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy • ED-XRF Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectrometry • EPMA Electron Probe Micro Analysis + WD-XRF • SEM Scanning Electron Microscopy + ED-XRF • PIXE Proton Induced X-Ray Emission Spectrometry (CIBA National University Singapore) • LA-ICP-MS Laser Ablation + Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass-Spectrometry Inorganic Atomic MS

What is XRF? 2 Methods: WD-XRF and ED-XRF • S ince 1950: WD-XRF • Sequentiell high performance • Sample preparation • Change of gems colour • Expensive > USD 200’000 • Since 1990 ED-XRF • Simultaneously high performance • absolutely non-destructive • no sample preparation • Low costs < USD 80’000

Skyray Instrument Headquarters in KSND Kunshan New Technology Area Shanghai

A good ED-XRF Spectrum is the Source of Excellent Data at AIGS

Detection limits of 5 ppm (0.0005 %) for Ga2O3 in Emerald are achieved by professional lab work operating the EDX-4500 and EDX-6000B

Learning by doing is good — but professional training is better

The Chemical Fingerprint in Ruby

0.0033 0.0000 0.0283 0.0531 0.1906 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 08A 0.731ct 99.72 0.00 0.0020 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 08B 0.731ct 99.68 0.00 0.0069 0.0111 0.0029 0.0000 0.0220 0.0512 0.2253 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0044 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 07 0.790ct 99.46 0.00 0.0130 0.0285 0.1868 0.0000 0.1140 0.0590 0.1256 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0093 0.0000 0.0059 0.0000 0.0021 0.0405 0.1099 0.0000 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 06 0.853ct 99.82 0.00 0.0069 0.0143 0.0000 0.0000 0.0068 0.0000 0.1361 0.0452 0.5116 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 05 0.580ct 99.26 0.00 0.0184 0.0160 0.0020 0.0000 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0205 0.5066 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 04 0.685ct 99.45 0.00 0.0072 0.0137 0.0000 0.0000 0.3946 0.0000 0.3053 0.0649 0.2411 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 03 0.481ct 98.92 0.06 0.0028 0.0032 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 02 0.385ct 98.35 0.00 0.0046 0.0045 0.0066 1.0917 0.0000 0.0246 0.5095 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0040 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 02 0.385ct 98.19 0.00 0.0616 0.0165 0.0068 1.1626 0.0327 0.0227 0.4996 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0626 1.0896 0.0000 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Burma Mogok 01 0.609ct 98.74 0.00 0.0217 0.0107 0.0702 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0648 0.0000 0.2854 0.4125 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 10 0.363ct 99.23 0.00 0.0045 0.0030 0.0000 0.0000 0.0082 0.0000 0.0052 0.0000 0.1719 0.3207 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 09 0.358ct 99.49 0.00 0.0033 0.0008 0.0000 0.0000 0.0014 0.0000 0.0313 0.0000 0.3772 0.3709 0.0021 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 08 0.439ct 99.22 0.00 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 07 0.286ct 99.02 0.00 0.0041 0.0055 0.0028 0.0000 0.0577 0.0000 0.3316 0.0000 0.5794 0.0000 0.0020 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 05 0.202ct 99.04 0.00 0.0019 0.0003 0.0072 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.4011 0.0000 0.5427 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0102 0.0000 0.0231 0.0000 0.4936 0.4078 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 04 0.258ct 99.06 0.00 0.0055 0.0016 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 0.0000 0.0055 0.0000 0.3488 0.3610 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 03 0.257ct 99.28 0.00 0.0029 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0227 0.0000 0.2228 0.3862 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0192 Thailand 02 0.278ct 98.87 0.00 0.0000 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0486 0.0000 0.2658 0.4755 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Thailand 01 0.257ct 99.20 0.00 0.0026 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 10 0.234ct 99.31 0.00 0.0000 0.0000 0.0033 0.0000 0.0461 0.0554 0.5774 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0045 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 09 0.277ct 99.17 0.11 0.0056 0.0576 0.0174 0.0000 0.0230 0.0565 0.5452 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0051 0.0077 0.0000 0.0001 0.0000 0.0135 0.0000 0.0439 0.0677 0.5097 0.0000 0.0049 0.0017 0.0000 0.0028 0.0000 Africa 08A 0.224ct 99.28 0.00 0.0293 0.0498 0.0000 0.0000 0.0090 0.0000 0.0306 0.1634 0.4931 0.0000 0.0048 0.0016 0.0000 0.0021 0.0000 Africa 08B 0.224ct 99.27 0.00 0.0024 0.0225 0.0000 0.0000 0.0364 0.0000 0.0572 0.0303 0.5937 0.0000 0.0054 0.0084 0.0043 0.0005 0.0000 Africa 07 0.255ct 97.52 1.65 0.0000 0.0943 0.0000 0.0000 0.0152 0.0000 0.0116 0.0101 0.5991 0.0000 0.0063 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 06 0.246ct 99.14 0.00 0.1489 0.0671 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 05 0.215ct 97.87 1.04 0.0102 0.0802 0.0605 0.0000 0.0513 0.0617 0.6219 0.0000 0.0222 0.0000 0.0045 0.0147 0.0000 0.1632 0.0000 Africa 04 0.246ct 96.26 2.34 0.1873 0.1412 0.1251 0.0000 0.0736 0.0603 0.6738 0.0000 0.0854 0.0000 0.0059 0.0083 0.0000 0.0391 0.0000 0.1014 0.0000 0.0785 0.0606 0.6518 0.0721 0.0049 0.0076 0.0005 0.0206 0.0000 Africa 04 0.246ct 97.07 1.83 0.0059 0.0994 0.0000 0.0000 0.0054 0.0000 0.0203 0.0239 0.5235 0.0000 0.0051 0.0005 0.0000 0.0012 0.0000 Africa 03A 0.306ct 99.31 0.00 0.0623 0.0487 0.0000 0.0000 0.0050 0.0000 0.0222 0.0235 0.5168 0.0000 0.0056 0.0002 0.0000 0.0013 0.0000 Africa 03B 0.306ct 99.40 0.00 0.0025 0.0241 0.0000 0.0000 0.0136 0.0000 0.0721 0.0516 0.5712 0.0000 0.0051 0.0053 0.0000 0.0000 0.0111 Africa 02A 0.272ct 99.22 0.00 0.0163 0.0350 0.0000 0.0000 0.0118 0.0000 0.0747 0.0438 0.5504 0.0000 0.0046 0.0052 0.0000 0.0000 0.0050 Africa 02B 0.272ct 99.28 0.00 0.0027 0.0196 0.0000 0.0000 Africa 02C 0.272ct 99.26 0.00 0.0070 0.0349 0.0154 0.0000 0.0708 0.0434 0.5536 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0052 0.0047 0.0000 0.0000 0.0064 Africa 01 0.277ct 98.88 0.25 0.0092 0.0709 0.0048 0.0000 0.0207 0.0121 0.5851 0.0000 0.0010 0.0000 0.0062 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 0.0020 0.0035 0.0000 0.0222 0.0000 0.6656 0.2711 0.0034 0.0000 0.0000 0.0663 0.0022 India 10 0.716ct 98.94 0.00 0.0043 0.0250 0.0000 0.0000 0.0112 0.4619 0.0688 0.0000 0.8437 0.1505 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.0002 0.0005 India 09 0.607ct 98.42 0.00 0.0058 0.0182 0.0219 0.0000 0.0073 0.0000 0.0099 0.0051 0.7430 0.2479 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 India 08 0.626ct 98.97 0.00 0.0021 0.0108 0.0000 0.0000 0.0048 0.0000 0.2377 0.0000 0.9373 0.1356 0.0028 0.0000 0.0000 0.0392 0.0005 India 07 0.592ct 98.61 0.00 0.0050 0.0100 0.0195 0.0000 India 06 0.537ct 97.58 0.00 0.0075 0.0216 0.0139 0.0000 1.3549 0.0000 0.8397 0.0053 0.1543 0.0000 0.0031 0.0000 0.0000 0.0161 0.0000 India 05 0.555ct 98.88 0.00 0.0020 0.0119 0.0033 0.0000 0.0104 0.0000 0.9137 0.0248 0.1455 0.0000 0.0022 0.0000 0.0000 0.0084 0.0005 0.0142 0.0000 1.0681 0.0000 0.5030 0.1698 0.0024 0.0000 0.0000 0.8752 0.0000 India 04 0.554ct 97.35 0.00 0.0021 0.0196 0.0000 0.0000

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High-Resolution ED-XRF Spectrum Pink Spinel from Tajikistan—25 KV, 100 sec.

High Resolution ED-XRF Spectrum Pink Spinel from Tajikistan—45 KV, 100 sec.