A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE ON CURRENT DISASTER MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN SOUTH AFRICA DR MMAPHAKA TAU DEPUTY DIRECTOR-GENERAL (HEAD): NATIONAL DISASTER MANAGEMENT CENTRE 19 SEPTEMBER 2018
Presentation Outline Introduction & South Africa’s Disaster Risk Context 1. South Africa’s Climatic Zones Map 2. 3. Some key drivers of disaster risks in South Africa 4. KPA 1: Integrated institutional capacity for DRM 5. KPA 2: Disaster risk assessment 6. KPA 3: Disaster Risk Reduction 7. KPA 4: Response and Recovery 8. Enabler 1: Information management and communication 9. Enabler 2: Education, Training, Public Awareness & Research 10. Enabler 3: Funding arrangements for DRM 11. Fire services 12. Regional and international collaboration 13. Strategic partnerships 14. Key challenges 15. Strategic sector leadership: foundational principles 16. Progress on 2017 DMISA resolutions: from Commitment to Action 17. Concluding remarks 2
INTRODUCTION To provide a national overview of the implementation of the Disaster • Management and Fire Services functions. To highlight key achievement, progress made in the implementation of • the functions, key priorities going-forward and challenges besetting the system. To provide an overview of key projects within the NDMC. • 3
South Africa’s Disaster Risk Context South Africa’s climate is known to have a high degree of variability at all • timescales (NB: Contributing planetary systems / climatic regimes – the EL Nino Southern Oscilation (SAWS), the frontal system of the southern ocean (Lutjeharms, Walters & Allansons), the inter-tropical convergence zone (IPCC) & the Indian Ocean Dipole (SAWS; Reason, 2001). The degree of occurrence of severe weather events has increased in recent • decades and might also further increase in the future. The loss of life, damage to infrastructure and other impacts of adverse weather • and climate have recently not only presented unprecedented challenges to government, but particularly to vulnerable communities. The damage costs due to extreme weather-related events (flooding, fire, storms • and drought) are found to be significantly elevated over recent decades. The onset of the Geological Epoch known as “The Anthropocene”, appears to • 4 be real.
SOUTH AFRICA’S CLIMATIC ZONE MAP – SANS 204-2, 2008 5
SOME KEY DRIVERS OF RISKS IN SOUTH AFRICA • A 2011 study by the International Federation of Red Cross revealed that most frequently occurring disasters in RSA are as a result of impacts of these hazards: floods, droughts and wildfires. • Climate change and variability (as outlined above) is expected to significantly impact on the disaster risk profile of the country. • There is empirical evidence that globally, humanity is increasingly moving towards an urban model of living. Consistent with this global trends, South Africa is also experiencing rapid urbanisation. • Urbanisation has resulted in an increase in informal settlements across the country often located in hazard prone areas. Resultantly, we are witnessing a major increase in informal settlement fires & flooding • The growing Wildland Urban Interface (WUI) is also magnifying the risks by exposing more communities including informal settlements to veldfires. 6
The Implementation Framework: NDMF 2005 7
KPA 1: Integrated institutional capacity for DRM • During the 2017/18 FY, the NDMC developed 2 guidelines: Guidelines on the Classification and Declaration of a State of Disaster; The development and structure of a memorandum of cooperation and mutual assistance agreements to enable stakeholders to conclude the required agreements in order to strengthen their capacity, where necessary, to deal with disaster risk reduction, response and recovery • The NDMC continues to ensure a functional National Disaster Management Advisory Forum, National Joint Drought Coordinating Committee, National Capacity Building Coordinating Forum, National Fire Services Advisory Committee, Heads of Provincial Disaster Management Forum, etc. • All these forums play a critical role in ensuring multi-sphere and multi- sectoral institutional collaboration and coordination which is fundamental for effective disaster risk management and reduction. 8
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES- POLITICAL INTERGOVERNMENTAL COMMITTEE POLITICAL ON DISASTER FORUM MANAGEMENT (ICDM) MINISTER MKHIZE *** Dependent on Category of Disaster CABINET MEMBERS MEC’s SALGA o Established by the President o Meets on an Ad hoc Basis o Must ensure co-operative governance on issues relating to disaster management o Must report to Cabinet on the co-ordination of disaster management among the spheres of government o Must advise and make recommendations to Cabinet 9
GOVERNANCE STRUCTURES - TECHNICAL TECHNICAL NATIONAL FORUM DISASTER MANAGEMENT ADVISORY FORUM (NDMAF) HEAD OF NDMC *** Supported by Technical Task Teams OTHER NATIONAL PROVINCIAL SALGA DEPARTMENTS DEPARTMENTS LOCAL GOVT AS PER SECTION 5 (1) e o Established by the Minister, meets quarterly o Is a body in which national, provincial and local government and other disaster management role-players consult one another and co-ordinate their actions on matters relating to disaster management o Must make recommendations concerning the NDMF framework to the ICDM and, o May advise any organ of state, statutory functionary NGO or community or the private sector on any matter relating to disaster management o The NDMAF has seen remarkable improvements in number of stakeholders and the decisions taken and implemented. There are still challenges with Technical Committees but interventions are being put in place 10
National Organisation of Disaster Management Organisation of NDMC . Head: NDMC Dr ME Tau Chief Director: Director: Intelligence Director: Fire Chief Director: Chief Director: Legislation, Policy and Information and Services Education, Training and Planning, Coordination Compliance and Support Communication Research Coordination Management Ms Radikonyan a Mr Pillay (act) Mr Madurai Dr Khangale Ms Bruwer
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ACT - SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS PROVINCE DM CENTRE FULLY HEAD OF FORUMS DM PLANS FUNCTIONAL CENTRE ESTABLISHED FINALISED APPT. EASTERN CAPE YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS FREE STATE YES INTERIM CENTRE YES YES IN PROCESS OPERATIONAL GAUTENG YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS KZN YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS LIMPOPO YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS MPUMALANGA YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS NORTHERN NO YES NO YES ?? IN PROCESS CAPE NORTH WEST YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS WESTERN YES YES YES YES IN PROCESS CAPE 12
Meeting of the National Disaster Management Advisory Forum 13
KPA 2: Disaster risk assessment • The NDMC uses GIS as its main spatial support tool. • In 2018, the NDMC will complete Phase 3 of the GIS portal which will include additional functionality such as: Spatial Information related to Hazards (Snow, Windstorms, Drought and Fire). Risk rating per hazard : vulnerability and capacity (to respond) indices Disaster Atlas functionality : Historical disasters CAP : Common Alert Protocol: Fire danger Index and Weather warnings Community Based Hazard tool : This is a newly developed Mobile APP that will be available to the users in disaster management that requires the need to perform hazard assessments for their respective areas. 14
KPA 2: Disaster risk assessment Drought Risk Monitoring • In 2014 NDMC partnered to develop a drought hazard model for the country with a standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) as the unit of measuring wetness versus dryness over a period of time. • This model was later developed into an indicative risk profile for drought and used to monitor SA in terms of the spatial and temporal nature of drought. • Risk profiles feed into NDMC’s institutional platforms such the National Joint Drought Coordination Committee with other data sources ( seasonal forecast, dam levels and ground water status)
KPA 3: DISASTER RISK REDUCTION • The integration of DRR into sustainable development policies, planning and programming is essential to build resilient communities. • Disaster Management Act, 2002 places a legal obligation on organs of state & other DM institutional role-players involved to develop, regularly review, update, coordinate, share and implement disaster management plans (DMP). • Progress on disaster management planning: NDMC established an internal Technical Task Team to ensure that DM plans are assessed effectively and guidance is provided to organs of state in writing. In 2017/18 FY, NDMC assessed Eight (8) DM plans of various organs of state. NDMC will embark on roadshows to workshop provinces together with their role-players on the DM Planning Guidelines. • NDMC encourages role players to include Climate Change issues in their DM plans. 16
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