Institute for Global Environmental Strategies （ IGES) Sound Material Cycle Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia y p INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE 15 ‐ 16 October 2010, Kuala Lumpur, 15 16 O t b 2010 K l L Malaysia Yas hiko Hotta PhD Yasuhiko Hotta, PhD Deputy Director, SCP Group, Institute for Global Environmental Institute for Global Environmental Strategies INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Outline Outline • Increasing waste issues in Asia g • Overview of 3R approach • Japan’s approach and results • Japan s approach and results • Increasing resource use and declining resource productivity of Asia d ti it f A i • Asian examples of 3R activities • Challenges • Regional 3R Forum in Asia Regional 3R Forum in Asia IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Urbanization and Waste Generation in Asia Urbanization and Waste Generation in Asia Urban/Rural Population Growth in Asia (1950-2050) High income 0.7t/cap/yr 0 7t/cap/yr 4,000,000 4 000 000 3,500,000 Projection Urban Middl Middle income i Rural 3,000,000 0.2t/cap/yr '000) 2,500,000 opulation ( 2,000,000 Low income 1,500,000 1,500,000 0 1t/cap/yr 0.1t/cap/yr Po 1,000,000 Ave. waste generation generation 500,000 0 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Source: World Urbanization Prospects: The 2009 Revision, <http://esa.un.org/wup2009/unup, access on 16th April, 2010 IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Increasing Waste Generation in Asia Increasing Waste Generation in Asia Asia Europe North America Latin America and the Caribbean Africa Oceania 300.00 (Graph) ton per Future Estimate of 250.00 Emission of Waste in Regions: , 0.1 billion 2000-2050 200.00 year) 150.00 (Emission, 100.00 Waste generation in Asia can Waste generation in Asia can 50.00 50 00 Waste occupy 31.4 ％ of the world in generation 2050. Increasing ratio of waste from Asia in Asia 0.00 occupies 2000 2000 2025 2025 2050 2050 24 2 % in 24.2 % in 2000 (Year) In 2025, it will occupy 28.0 ％ . Source: 吉沢佐江子・田中勝・ Ashok V. Shekdar(2006) 「世界の廃棄物発生量の推定と将来予測に関する研究」 p.3 IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 4
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Overview of 3R Approach Overview of 3R Approach – 1 1 Priority 1: Generation Natural resources input atu a esou ces put reduction (Reduce) Austere consumption of Production natural resources (Manufacturing, distribution, etc.) Consumption Consumption Priority 2: Priority 2: Priority 3: P i it 3 Repeated use Utilization by (Reuse) regeneration (Recycling) Discarding Discarding Treatment (Recycling, A society in which appropriate 3Rs incineration, etc.) Priority 4: and disposal reduce natural resource consumption, resulting in a resource consumption resulting in a Thermal recovery Thermal recovery lower environmental load Final disposal Priority 5: (landfill) Appropriate disposal MOEJ (2008),“Discussion Paper: 3Rs”, G8 Kobe Environmental Ministers Meeting 2008, Kobe, Japan, May24-26 2008 IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Overview of 3R Approach Overview of 3R Approach – 2 2 Source: http://www.wasteonline.org.uk/resources/InformationSheets/WasteDisposal.htm IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Modernization of Japan, waste generation and resource productivity p , g p y IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 7 INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Japan's 3R Regulatory Framework Japan s 3R Regulatory Framework Fundamental Environmental Law （ 1993 ） Fundamental Plan (1994 and revised in 2006) Fundamental Law for Establishing a Sound Fundamental Plan(2003 Material-Cycle Society (2000) and revised in 2008) (Establishment of General Systems) Waste Management and Public Law for Promotion of Effective Utilization Cleansing Law (revised in 2006) Cleansing Law (revised in 2006) of Resources (revised in 2001) of Resources (revised in 2001) (Regulations according to the characteristics of respective items) Construction Food End-of-life Container and Home Appliances (1998) Materials (2000) Wastes Vehicles (2002) Packaging (1995) (2000) ( ) Law on Promoting Green Purchasing (2001) Eco Town Program (1997 2007): Development of 3R related industrial infrastructures Eco-Town Program (1997-2007): Development of 3R-related industrial infrastructures Source: Modification of Y. Moriguchi(2006), “Establishing a Sound Material Cycle Society in Asia” a presentation at Asia 3R Conference, October 30 th –November 1 st , 2006, Tokyo, Japan IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 8
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Japan’s Results from 3R and Resource Circulation Japan s Results from 3R and Resource Circulation Approach “INPUT”: Resource Productivity • Monitoring progress in policy implementation is essential. GDP/natural resource input / p 45.0 • Japan introduced MFA-based indicators 40.0 roductivity 35.0 and policy targets for 2010 in 2003 to yen/t) 30.0 monitor the progress of 3R implementation monitor the progress of 3R implementation 25.0 (10000y Resource Pr 20.0 ¥420, 000/t at macro-level. 15.0 in 2015 10.0 5.0 • Based on the progress, Japan revised its 0.0 f fundamental plan in 2008 and set new d t l l i 2008 d t 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 targets for 2015. “CIRCULATION”: Cyclical Use Rate “ O UTPUT”: Final treatment of waste C Cyclical use amount/ cyclical use amount +natural resource input li l t/ li l t t l i t 16.0 120 Rate (%) 14.0 23 million t 100 andfill 12.0 in 2015 ons) 80 80 10.0 10 0 Cyclincal Use R Amount of la (million to 8.0 60 14 ‐ 15% in 6.0 40 4.0 2015 20 2.0 0 0.0 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp 9 INTERNATIONAL GREEN TECHNOLOGY AND PURCHASING CONFERENCE, October 15 ‐ 16, 2010 Sound Material Cycle Society from Japan to Asia Cases of Eco town Programme and EPR Cases of Eco-town Programme and EPR • Japan’s approach to sustainability can be characterized by emphasis on compatibility between environmental conservation and industrial competitiveness through “increasing efficiency” increasing efficiency . • Two of the prominent approaches for sound material cycle society in Japan was “eco-town programme” and EPR- society in Japan was eco-town programme and EPR- based legislation introduced in 1990s to early 2000s. IGES | http://www.iges.or.jp
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