Sound Laws Assimilation ingest imbibe < mann-r mar dma, dmi - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 06, 2023 •803 likes •1.01k views

Sound Laws Assimilation ingest imbibe < mann-r mar dma, dmi skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eya, eyddi Principle of minimal effort ingest < mann-r mar dma, dmi skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eya, eyddi

Sound Laws
Assimilation ingest imbibe < mann-r maðr dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi Principle of minimal effort
ingest < mann-r maðr dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi Principle of minimal effort ↓ Assimilation imbibe
< mann-r maðr dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi Principle of minimal effort ↓ Assimilation ingest imbibe
< mann-r dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi Principle of minimal effort ↓ Assimilation ingest imbibe maðr
dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi Principle of minimal effort ↓ Assimilation ingest imbibe < mann-r maðr
Principle of minimal effort ↓ Assimilation ingest imbibe < mann-r maðr dœma, dœmði skipta, skipti brosa, brosti eyða, eyddi
Syncope Ultimate hǫndu (nom. sg.) > hǫnd *bǫrnu (nom./acc. pl. > bǫrn *hyggir (2/3sg.) > hyggr → Unstressed vowels in final syllables are widely dropped Penultimate adj. sg. pl. noun sg. pl. nom. auðigr auðgir nom. himinn himnar acc. auðgan auðga acc. himin himna gen. auðigs auðigra gen. himins himna dat. auðgum auðgum dat. himni himnum → Short, unstressed medial vowels are dropped where followed by CV
Gothic faran ik fara Ultimate syncope made i disappear in many such po- þu faris sitions. is fariþ Front Mutation ich fahre ich stoße ich laufe du fährst du stößt du läufst sie fährt sie stößt sie läuft
Front Mutation ich fahre ich stoße ich laufe du fährst du stößt du läufst sie fährt sie stößt sie läuft Gothic faran ik fara Ultimate syncope made i disappear in many such po- þu faris sitions. is fariþ
▶ Strong verbs have front mutation in all singular present indicative forms ▶ All verbs except class 2 weak have front mutation in the preterite subjunctive
▶ This class had a thematic i/j , yielding mutated forms everywhere except in the preterite indicative and past participle
▶ With long stems, this class underwent front mutation throughout the paradigm.
▶ This class had a thematic i that was e at the time front mutation was active; hence only the preterite subjunctive was affected (because of subjunctive -i ).
A u is still visible in nearly all dative plural forms and in masculine/neuter dative singular adjectives. Nom. sg. langr harmr Nom. pl. langir harmar Acc. sg. langan harm Acc. pl. langa harma Gen. sg. langs harms Gen. pl. langra harma Dat. sg. lǫngum harmi Dat. pl. lǫngum hǫrmum Labial Mutation *handu (nom. sg.) > *hǫndu > hǫnd *barnu (nom./acc. pl. > *bǫrnu > bǫrn *vallur (nom. sg.) > *vǫllur > vǫllr
Labial Mutation *handu (nom. sg.) > *hǫndu > hǫnd *barnu (nom./acc. pl. > *bǫrnu > bǫrn *vallur (nom. sg.) > *vǫllur > vǫllr A u is still visible in nearly all dative plural forms and in masculine/neuter dative singular adjectives. Nom. sg. langr harmr Nom. pl. langir harmar Acc. sg. langan harm Acc. pl. langa harma Gen. sg. langs harms Gen. pl. langra harma Dat. sg. lǫngum harmi Dat. pl. lǫngum hǫrmum

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