Social (Media) Jet Lag: how usage of social technology can modulate and reflect circadian rhythms Elizabeth Murnane, Saeed Abdullah, Mark Matthews, Tanzeem Choudhury, Geri Gay
Motivation Circadian-Aware Sensing and Intervention
Sleep Disorders • An “epidemic” ‣ 50-70 million people a ff ected ! • Annual cost ‣ $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect Method Findings Motivation
Sleep Disorders • An “epidemic” ‣ 50-70 million people a ff ected ! • Annual cost ‣ $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Disorders • An “epidemic” ‣ 50-70 million people a ff ected ! • Annual cost ‣ $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Disorders • An “epidemic” ‣ 50-70 million people a ff ected ! • Annual cost ‣ $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect Motivation Method Findings
Chronobiology Motivation Method Findings
Chronobiology • Circadian rhythms ‣ (‘ circa ’ = about, ‘ dia ’ = day) Motivation Method Findings
Chronobiology • Circadian rhythms ‣ (‘ circa ’ = about, ‘ dia ’ = day) • Chronotype ‣ early birds, night owls Motivation Method Findings
Chronobiology • Circadian rhythms ‣ (‘ circa ’ = about, ‘ dia ’ = day) • Chronotype ‣ early birds, night owls Motivation Method Findings
Chronobiology • Circadian rhythms ‣ (‘ circa ’ = about, ‘ dia ’ = day) • Chronotype ‣ early birds, night owls • Body clocks vs. social clocks Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Sensing & Intervention • Generic recommendations ‣ “End ca ff eine consumption 8- 14 hours before bedtime” • Treating symptoms of a broken clock Motivation Method Findings
Circadian-Aware Sensing Motivation Method Findings
Circadian-Aware Sensing • ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014) • New contributions: ‣ How technology use interacts with sleep ‣ Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond sleep (attention, cognition, mood) ‣ Social-sensing methodology Motivation Method Findings
Circadian-Aware Sensing • ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014) • New contributions: ‣ How technology use interacts with sleep ‣ Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond sleep (attention, cognition, mood) ‣ Social-sensing methodology Motivation Method Findings
Circadian-Aware Sensing • ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014) • New contributions: ‣ How technology use interacts with sleep ‣ Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond sleep (attention, cognition, mood) ‣ Social-sensing methodology Motivation Method Findings
Circadian-Aware Sensing • ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014) • New contributions: ‣ How technology use interacts with sleep ‣ Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond sleep (attention, cognition, mood) ‣ Social-sensing methodology Motivation Method Findings
Method Participants & Data
Undergraduate Students • Late types ‣ Severe social jet lag • Chronic lost and interrupted sleep ‣ Poor academic performance, increased stress, mental health problems, drug and alcohol use • Heavy technology users ‣ 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones, 90% regularly use social media Motivation Method Findings
Undergraduate Students • Late types ‣ Severe social jet lag • Chronic lost and interrupted sleep ‣ Poor academic performance, increased stress, mental health problems, drug and alcohol use • Heavy technology users ‣ 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones, 90% regularly use social media Motivation Method Findings
Undergraduate Students • Late types ‣ Severe social jet lag • Chronic lost and interrupted sleep ‣ Poor academic performance, increased stress, mental health problems, drug and alcohol use • Heavy technology users ‣ 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones, 90% regularly use social media Motivation Method Findings
Undergraduate Students • Late types ‣ Severe social jet lag • Chronic lost and interrupted sleep ‣ Poor academic performance, increased stress, mental health problems, drug and alcohol use • Heavy technology users ‣ 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones, 90% regularly use social media Motivation Method Findings
Undergraduate Students • Late types ‣ Severe social jet lag • Chronic lost and interrupted sleep ‣ Poor academic performance, increased stress, mental health problems, drug and alcohol use • Heavy technology users ‣ 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones, 90% regularly use social media Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Data • Social-sensor data ‣ Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use) ‣ Facebook posts • Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ) ‣ Corrected mid-sleep on free days ( MSF sc ) • Sleep diaries • Interviews Motivation Method Findings
Study • 9 participants ‣ Sample MSF sc =05:34; N=281 MSF sc =05:46 • 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring) • 600 data points of sleep information • 17,000 socially-sensed usage events Motivation Method Findings
Study • 9 participants ‣ Sample MSF sc =05:34; N=281 MSF sc =05:46 • 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring) • 600 data points of sleep information • 17,000 socially-sensed usage events Motivation Method Findings
Study • 9 participants ‣ Sample MSF sc =05:34; N=281 MSF sc =05:46 • 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring) • 600 data points of sleep information • 17,000 socially-sensed usage events Motivation Method Findings
Study • 9 participants ‣ Sample MSF sc =05:34; N=281 MSF sc =05:46 • 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring) • 600 data points of sleep information • 17,000 socially-sensed usage events Motivation Method Findings
Findings Results & Implications for Design
Technological Rhythms Overall 14 Phone Calls 12 Text Messages Mean # per day 10 Social Media Apps 8 Facebook Posts 6 4 2 7 am 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 am 1 2 3 4 5 pm Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Onset and Duration • Sleep onset ‣ Within 49 minutes of usage on average ‣ Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM • Sleep duration ‣ 7-8 hours: 49.1% ‣ Under 6: 23.3% ‣ Over 10: 15.2% Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Onset and Duration • Sleep onset ‣ Within 49 minutes of usage on average ‣ Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM • Sleep duration ‣ 7-8 hours: 49.1% ‣ Under 6: 23.3% ‣ Over 10: 15.2% Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Onset and Duration • Sleep onset ‣ Within 49 minutes of usage on average ‣ Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM • Sleep duration ‣ 7-8 hours: 49.1% ‣ Under 6: 23.3% ‣ Over 10: 15.2% Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Onset and Duration • Sleep onset ‣ Within 49 minutes of usage on average ‣ Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM • Sleep duration ‣ 7-8 hours: 49.1% ‣ Under 6: 23.3% ‣ Over 10: 15.2% Motivation Method Findings
Sleep Onset and Duration • Sleep onset ‣ Within 49 minutes of usage on average ‣ Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM • Sleep duration ‣ 7-8 hours: 49.1% ‣ Under 6: 23.3% ‣ Over 10: 15.2% Motivation Method Findings
Socially-Sensed Sleep • Inferring sleep events • Assessing circadian disruption ‣ Scissors of sleep ‣ Social jet lag - across days ‣ Social jet lag - across weeks ‣ Sleep inertia • Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning ‣ Attention ‣ Cognition ‣ Mood Motivation Method Findings
Socially-Sensed Sleep • Inferring sleep events • Assessing circadian disruption ‣ Scissors of sleep ‣ Social jet lag - across days ‣ Social jet lag - across weeks ‣ Sleep inertia • Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning ‣ Attention ‣ Cognition ‣ Mood Motivation Method Findings
Socially-Sensed Sleep • Inferring sleep events • Assessing circadian disruption ‣ Scissors of sleep ‣ Social jet lag - across days ‣ Social jet lag - across weeks ‣ Sleep inertia • Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning ‣ Attention ‣ Cognition ‣ Mood Motivation Method Findings
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