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SNC 1D Chemistry Particle Theory and Types of Matter l Learning - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Feb 04, 2023 •174 likes •735 views

SNC 1D Chemistry Particle Theory and Types of Matter l Learning Goals: l Success Criteria: l By the end of the class l By the end of the class I will be able to list the I will be successful if I main ideas of the can list the 5

  1. SNC 1D Chemistry

  2. Particle Theory and Types of Matter l Learning Goals: l Success Criteria: l By the end of the class l By the end of the class I will be able to list the I will be successful if I main ideas of the can list the 5 main particle theory. ideas of particle theory. l By the end of the class l By the end of the class I will be able to identify I will be successful if I the difference between can correctly identify pure substances, substances as pure, mixtures, and mixture, or solution. solutions.

  3. Matter Anything that has a mass and takes up space

  4. Particle Theory Particle Theory: a theory that describes the composition and behaviour of matter. There are 5 main ideas of the particle theory.

  5. 1. All matter is made up of tiny particles that have empty spaces between them.

  6. 2. Different substances are made up of different kinds of particles.

  7. 3. Particles are in constant random motion.

  8. 4. The particles of a substance move faster as its temperature increases.

  9. 5. Particles attract each other.

  10. Particle Theory Video

  11. Types of Matter Pure Substances and Mixtures

  12. Pure Substance: a substance that is made up of only one type of particle.

  13. Mixture: a substance that is made up of at least two different types of particles.

  14. Mechanical mixture: a mixture in which you can distinguish between different types of matter.

  15. Solution: a uniform mixture of two or more substances.

  16. Alloy: a solid solution of two or more metals.

  17. Matter anything that has a mass and takes up space combine to form Mixtures Pure Substance � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� 2 + types of � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� ���� 1 type of particle ��� particles ��� Element Compound Solutions Mechanical Mixtures made up of 2+ made up of A"uniform"mixture"of"two" different atoms A"mixture"in"which"you" identical atoms or"more"substances,"looks" can"distinguish"between" chemically like"a"pure"substance. different"types"of"matter bound ��� ��� Alloy a"solid"solution"of"2+" metals

  18. Matter anything that has a mass and takes up space combine to form Mixtures Pure Substance � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� 2 + types of � ��������� ���� �� ���� �� �� ���� 1 type of particle ��� particles ��� TRICK** Element Compound Solution or Mechanical Solutions Mechanical Mixtures made up of 2+ made up of Mixtures? A"uniform"mixture"of"two" different atoms A"mixture"in"which"you" identical atoms If Gas/Liquid is opaque or"more"substances,"looks" can"distinguish"between" chemically or murky = Mechanical like"a"pure"substance. different"types"of"matter bound Mixture ��� ��� Alloy a"solid"solution"of"2+" metals

  19. Side note : Solution: Salt water Solvent: substance that dissolves another substance; water. Solute: the substance that is dissolved; salt

  20. Mixture Heterogeneous: "different kind" Homogeneous: "same kind" consists of 2+ substances . It is consists of 2+ substances . It is uniform and the different non-uniform and the different components of the mixture can components of the mixture can be be seen seen ex: ex:

  22. Physical Properties

  23. Physical Properties: A characteristic that can be determined without changing the composition of the substance.

  24. Qualitative Properties l Properties of a substance that is not measured and does not have a numerical value.

  25. Qualitative Properties l Colour l Odour l Taste l Texture l Shape

  26. Qualitative Properties

  27. Quantitative Properties l Properties of a substance that is measured and has a numerical value.

  28. Quantitative Properties l Lustre Hardness l Optical Clarity Malleability l Viscosity Ductility l Brittleness Electrical Conductivity

  29. Quantitative Properties

  30. Characteristic Physical Properties l A physical property that is unique to a substance and can be used identify the substance.

  31. Characteristic Physical Properties l Density l Melting point l Freezing point l Boiling point

  32. Characteristic Physical Properties

  33. Physical Change l A change in which the composition of the substance remains unaltered and no new substances are produced.

  34. Physical Change l Change of state l Melting, freezing, boiling l Changing size l AND DISSOLVING

  35. Bell Work: Physical Characteristics Define the following terms: • -Freezing Point (abbreviated to FP) • -Melting Point (abbreviated to MP) • -Boiling Point (abbreviated to BP) • Why is the importance to know the FP/MP and BP of a substance?

  36. Test Tuesday September 29 �

  37. Density For Full Communication Marks … Sample Problem: Calculate the density of a metal sample that is 18.00 cm long, 9.21 cm wide and 4.45 cm high and that has a mass of 14.25 kg. What is the identity of the metal? Give: l= 18.00 cm h= 4.45 cm w= 9.21 cm m= 14.25 kg Required: density of metal (d) Solution: V = l*w*h = 18.00 cm * 9.21 cm * 4.45 cm = 738 cm 3 m = 14.25 kg =14250 g d = m/v = 14250 g/738 cm 3 = 19.3 g/cm 3 Statement: The density of the metal is 19.3g/cm 3 . This metal is gold.

  38. Chemical Properties & Changes

  39. Chemical Properties: A characteristic of a substance that is determined when the composition of the substance is changed and one or more new substances is created

  40. Fireworks l Fireworks contain ingredients such as metal flakes, fuel and a bursting charge l These substances react together to produce new substances, some of which are visible in the smoke l The entire reaction produces a great deal of energy; which appears in the form of light, sound, thermal energy and high-speed motion high into the sky

  41. Advantages of Chemical Properties In our daily lives we mix different substances together to create products that we want Examples: Baking soda causes a cake to rise Bacterial cultures turn milk into cheese Chemicals clean our jewellery

  42. Chemical Changes l A change in the starting substance and the production of one or more new substances

  43. What do you think are examples of chemical changes?

  44. Types of Chemical Changes l Change of colour – a new substance has formed that has a different colour than the original substance

  45. A change of odour – a new substance has formed that has a detectable odour

  46. Bubbles are visible that are not caused by heating – a new substance is produced in the form of a gas

  47. A new solid is seen – a new substance that is produced does not dissolve in the mixture and shows up as a solid The solids that are formed in this way are often powdery and are called precipitates

  48. A change in temperature or light – energy is released or absorbed during the chemical change, and is detected as a change in temperature or light

  49. Endothermic Vs. Exothermic Rxh Exothermic: exo~ “exit” thermic ~“hot” - - Heat Releasing Endothermic: endo~ “within” thermic ~“hot” • - Heat Absorbing

  50. Demonstration Before: - Describe the physical properties of the materials. Separate each property in a chart as either qualitative or quantitative. After: • Describe the physical properties after the change. • Is the a physical or chemical change? • Is this an example of an endothermic or exothermic reaction

  51. Changing States -Melting ice: endothermic or exothermic? -Freezing ice: endothermic or exothermic?

  52. Unusual Behaviour of Water - Density of Ice < Density of Water

  53. Unusual Behaviour of Water - Density of Ice < Density of Water

  54. Pros and Cons of Water’s Unusual Characteristic Physical Properties Pros: Cons:

  55. Pros and Cons of Water’s Unusual Characteristic Physical Properties Pros: - Allows aquatic life to survive Cons: - Potential for pipes to burst - Cannot freeze water in a glass

  56. Salt and Ice - Adding salt to water alters the characteristic physical properties. - When do we take advantage of this? Brainstorm possible alternatives

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