Smartphone Chemistry : Tin (Sn) – Jason Park [Advanced Chemistry]
Characteristics of Tin Post-transition Metal ● Low Melting Point ○ 231.93 ℃ ■ Highly Malleable ○ High Ductility ○ Solder wire ■ Electrical Conductivity ● Bonding ○
Tin Solder Solder used in electronics
Tin Production Total Tin Production, 2017 ● ~ 281,800 tonnes ○ ~0.66g Sn per iPhone ● iPhones sold in 2017 ● 216.76 million ○ ~315,397 lbs of Sn ●
Small-Scale Tin Mining Health Risks ● Respiratory disease ○ Poor workspace ○ Unsafe ○ Water Pollution ● Silt ○ Coral and marine life ○ Deforestation ● Forests ○ farmland ○ Tin mine in Bangka, Indonesia reshapes geography, including forests and farmland
Environmental Issues Waste from the tin mines are dumped into the Workers from the tin mines of Indonesia, one ocean, coastal areas of Bangka, Indonesia of the largest tin exporters in the world
Potential Replacements Epoxy resins ● Only for places that do not require electrical conductivity ○ “Gluing” purposes ○ “Potentially” Irreplaceable ● Electrical conductivity ○ Metals ■ Easy to form and melt ■
References https://www.internationaltin.org/reports/tin-for-the-future-introduction-to-the-tin-market- and-the-international-tin-association/ https://goodelectronics.org/mining-for-smartphones-the-true-cost-of-tin-damage-to- forests-and-coral/ https://friendsoftheearth.uk/sites/default/files/downloads/tin_mining.pdf https://www.reichelt.com/magazin/en/2016/10/10/soldering/ Dragonfly Initiative "Material Change" report
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