SEVERE WEATHER FORECASTING AND WARNING SERVICES: WORKSHOP ON PUBLIC - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

DISTRICT DISASTER MANAGEMENT STRUCTURE: Executive Mayor National Disaster Management Centre Municipal Manager Disaster Management Provincial Disaster IDP Plan Management Centre Hazardous Assessment District Disaster Vulnerability Assessment JOC District Disaster Management Management Risk Assessment Advisory Forum Centre Execution of District Departmental Plan and / or Operational Specific Plan Greater Greater Letaba Greater Giyani Ba-Phalaborwa Maruleng Tzaneen Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality Municipality INCIDENT

WHO REPORTS TO THE CENTRE: EMS / FIRE SA WEATHER SAPS TRAFFIC 112 CENTRE DEPT SERVICE EMERGENCY COMMUNICATION CENTRE -Command and control facility Public Public -Multi disciplinary strategic planning -Radio / telephone console -Manpower / equipment database CO-ORDINATING COMPLAINTS / REQUESTS / EMERGENCIES SPECIAL TECHNICAL ELECTRICAL: HEALTH: EVENTS: ENGINEERS: -Major power -Environment -Stadium -Roads failures -Clinics -Parks -Water -Epidemics -Sport -Sewerage -Events -Land use

Disaster Management Centre becomes the Joint Operational Centre  The nature and extent of the response to any given incident by the Disaster Management Centre will vary with the size and complexity of the incident. The functions carried out in a response phase will follow the Incident Command System (ICS) concept.  All the relevant role players will be activated to report to the Centre.  The Joint Operational Centre will meet where “Joint Consultation and Decision making” will be implemented with implementation with in the Operational line function.

Operational activities between South African Weather Service (SAWS) and the Disaster Management Centre . .

Operational activities between South African Weather Service (SAWS) and the Disaster Management Centre. . An effective line of communication is established between the SAWS and the Disaster Management Centre. The SAWS is responsible for all weather related early warnings.  Weather early warning.  Fire Danger Rating Index (FDI)  Alerts. (High discomfort levels, heat) The SAWS provide early warning to the Centre then from here the operational activities unfold in the Centre.

Early warning Systems : Early warning systems can be defined as the provision of timely and effective information through identify Institutions that allow individuals at risk of disaster to take action to avoid or reduce their risk and prepare effective response. Early warning consists of three elements. • Forecasting and predictions of impending elements. • Processing and dissemination of warnings to political authorities, operational personnel and population and specific the communities at risk. • Undertaking appropriate reaction to warnings.

Operational activities between South African Weather Service (SAWS) and the Disaster Management Centre. . • The SAWS provide early warnings to the Centre via:  Cell phone – short message system.  Email.  Telephone calls  Media.  Television.  The Centre also install 15 rainfall stations in the District that assist with the rainfall monitoring.

Overview: Floods January 2011 Tzaneen.

Overview: Floods January 2011 Tzaneen . After receiving prior notification of flooding in the District from the South African Weather Services the Operational Centre (JOC) placed on high alert

Overview: Floods January 2011 Tzaneen . Extensive flooding was experienced in the Taganashoek / Eiland / Letsitele area of the Mopani district on 15 January 2011. Heavy rainfall, reportedly up to 300mm in some places, resulted in the flooding of the Nwanedzi, Hlangana and Great Letaba Rivers as well as the breakage of some farm dams. The bridges over the Hlangana, Nwanedzi and Great Letaba (on the Eiland / Constantia road) were completely flooded and were closed to traffic for several hours.

Operational Activities.  Upon receiving notification of flooding, a multi- disciplinary Joint Operational Centre (JOC) was established at the Mopani District Municipality Disaster Management Centre.  Representatives from Disaster Management, Department of Water Affairs, Emergency Medical Services, Fire Services, SAPS and Mopani District Municipality Technical Services Traffic Services met.  All relevant information was gathered by this JOC for further decision making.

Flooding in River Systems  The Olifants River also came down in flood, peaking at around 1800 cubic meters per second at Oxford near Mica at 12:00.  By late in the afternoon, the Olifants had dropped to 1435 cubic meters per second through Oxford, but was at 1193 cubic meters per second and rising through Mamba in the Kruger National Park.

Flooding in River Systems  According to the flow record of the Letaba and Olifants River, the joint flow to Masingir Dam in Mozambique was estimated at 4000 cubic meters per second.  The flood peaks of these two rivers met each other at around the same time at approximately 22:30.  The flood peak must have reached the border around 23:00 on the night of 15 January 2011.

Joint Operational Centre The Joint Operational Centre concentrating on the following aspects.  Coordination of all the operational activities.  Managing resources.  Assessing the risk  Damage assessment.  Relief

Emergency rescue service The Rescue Response Teams of the Fire Brigade, Emergency Medical Services and Emergency Service of the SAPS were on standby to render rescue services where it was needed. The District having Rescue team with boats 4x4 rescue vehicles, 4x4 ambulances and trained personnel. SAPS and Traffics Services also assist in this regard.

Water Services  The Water Services Department of the District Municipality and the Technical Departments of the Local Municipalities attending to damaged water pipe lines and that that water schemes and plants effective functioning.

Water bourn diseases  The District Disaster Management Centre activate the Task Team for Communicable Diseases.  Relevant planning is done for preventative and response plans. (malaria, cholera, diarrhoea)  The role players closely monitor the possible outbreak of any disease

Water quality Water quality monitoring is done by the: • Mopani District Municipality Water Services. • Department of Water Affairs. • Department of Health, Environmental Health.  Corrective action been taken by the District Water Services to normalise the identified problem supported by the Department of Water Affairs. Water purification and the distribution water purification sachets.

Emergency houses The Disaster Management Centre with the assistance of the Department of Social Development and South African Social Service Agency (SASSA) and the Red Cross assist 144 households with emergency housing tents and food parcels. The households who's houses been totally damaged been placed on the RDP housing list.

Close cooperation between Department of Water Affairs, SA Weather Services and the Disaster Management Centre  During a flood disaster the Centre and the Department of Water Affairs and the SAWS work in close coordination.  The SAWS provide the Centre with weather fore casts and developing weather systems.  The Dept. of Water Affairs provide the Centre with information of dam levels, rainfall statistics and river levels.  These information enable the JOC to do risk assessment to inform communities in danger,

map rainfall monitoring stations.

B8 DRAINAGE REGION LETABA RIVER

103.81% 103% 104.27% 101.83% Source: DWA

188.66m 3 /s 261.1m 3 /s 191.53m 3 /s 38.1 m 3 /s Source: DWA

Olifants River at Mamba (KNP BORDER) Trend for Olifants at KNP gauging station Source: DWA

The following flows were reported on 16 January 2011 at the following gauging points along the Letaba River and tributaries: STAGE TIME GAUGE PLATE CUBIC METRES PER READING SECOND B8H018 06:00 1.964 1489.79 B8H008 06:00 3.403 557 B8H009 10:12 2.508 186.8 B8H010 06:12 2.284 139 B8H018 00:00 2.383 2045 B8H018 06:00 1.964 1482 B8H014 06:00 0.968 11.2 B8H046 06:12 0.804 8.2 B8H050 10:12 1.320 46.24 B8H064 06:00 0.764 5.95 B8R002 05:00 0.190 10.1

Rainfall for the 24-hour period ending at 08:00 on 16 January 2011 is as follows: DAM RAINFALL CURRENT DAM STANDING Ebenezer 36mm 100.89% Magoebaskloof 27.6mm 102.04% Tzaneen 34.2mm 104.27% Middle Letaba 30mm 11.27% Nsami 12mm 71.07%

Damage to Infrastructure Municipality Damage Amount Greater Tzaneen Roads and bridges R81,400,000,00 Ba-Phalaborwa Roads and bridges R 12,266,000,00 Maruleng Roads and bridges R 4,980,000,00 Greater Letaba Roads and bridges R52,290,000,00

Damage to Infrastructure Greater Giyani Roads and bridges R6,300,000.00 Department of Roads and bridges R180,238,000,00 Roads Department of 39 farm dams R57,858,234,00 Agriculture Pump stations boreholes Crops citrus vegetables Livestock broilers Department Water Damage roads to the water R3,940,000.00 Affairs and Mopani schemes and damaged District water pipelines. Municipality TOTAL R399,272,234.00 ESTIMATED DAMAGE

Eiland/Constantia Bridge 15 January 2011 Source: Danie Viljoen, DWA

Semana Primary School

Declaration of National disaster.  The classification of a national disaster by the National Disaster Management Centre in terms of the Disaster Management Act, Act No 57 of 2002.  The President signed the declaration and was published in the Government Gazette.

Overview: Floods January 2012 Hoedspruit.

Overview: Floods January 2012 Hoedspruit.  The SAWS inform the Disaster Management Centre of the developing Tropical low Pressure.  Early warnings were send out to all role players and the Centre was placed on high alert  Tropical Low Pressure system developed over the Indian Ocean West of Madagascar,  and moved inland over the southern part of Mozambique and entered the Republic of South Africa on the 16th January 2012 over Maputo.

Intensive rainfall.  The system covered the entire coastal region from Northern KZN up to the Northern areas of Limpopo Province  Intensive rainfall was experienced over the Lowveld area of Mpumalanga and Limpopo Provinces,  and resulted in extraordinary floods occurring in all major rivers.

TROPICAL DISTURBANCE DANDO 71

Flooding in river systems.  Lower Olifants area was affected and rivers such as the Selati, Blyde, Klaserie, Timbavati and all tributaries East of Tzaneen experienced abnormal high flows .  A major flood of 3400m³ per second was measured in the Olifants River entering the KNP.  Olifants river at Oxford measured about 5000m³ per second .

Overflowing of dams in Hoedspruit.  Klaserie Dam was 155% full at one stage and a peak flow of nearly 800m³ per second was measured over the spillway .  The Blydepoort Dam was 119% full Wednesday 18 January 2012, spilled by more than 3.0 meters and resulted in a flood close to 1500m³ per second to flow downstream into the Blyde River resulting in infrastructure damages and flooding.

BLYDE DAM SPILLING 74

Joint Operational Centre The following structures were activated: 1. Provincial JOC 2. District JOC 3. Local JOC.

Participants in District JOC  All stakeholders are represented on the District and the Municipal JOC to coordinate all the activities and to inform the Provincial Disaster Management Centre.

Operations on the 18 January 2013  The Disaster Management Centre (18/01/2012) activated the SA Air Force, SAPS Emergency Services, the EMS rescue teams and the rescue teams of the Mopani Fire Service to assist with rescue operations.  Oryx and Augusta Helicopters were used to rescue stranded people and transport personnel.  Well over 60 critical, life-saving rescues were executed with at least as many evacuations and relocations. More than 300 people were directly affected by the air and ground efforts.

The SAAF in action 78

Affected communities  A total amount of 662 households were affected by the rain and floods.  Households were affected in the rural areas and around the farms in Hoedspruit.

Relief measures  1556 food parcels distributed.  952 blankets distributed.  1986 Breads.  17000 sachets distributed.  1000 litres of Jik distributed.  72 tents pitched.  Bottled water 133294.  Place 13 x 5000 l JOJO tanks for clean water.  Donations of clothes were distributed by 5 NGO’s

FOOD DISTRIBUTION 81

Infrastructure damage . Infrastructure category Infrastructure category Infrastructure category Damage reported Damage reported Damage reported Damage verified. Damage verified. Damage verified. Housing Housing Housing 311 units 311 units 311 units R 11 401 240.00 R 11 401 240.00 R 11 401 240.00 Schools Schools Schools R 1 516 174.77 R 1 516 174.77 R 1 516 174.77 Roads and bridges Roads and bridges Roads and bridges R 94 700 000.00 R 94 700 000.00 R 94 700 000.00 R 52 180 000.00 R 52 180 000.00 R 52 180 000.00 Agriculture Agriculture R 54 000 000.00 R 54 000 000.00 R 20 622 609.91 R 20 622 609.91 Agriculture R 54 000 000.00 R 20 622 609.91 Municipal infrastructure Municipal infrastructure R 6 000 000.00 R 6 000 000.00 R 2 200 000.00 R 2 200 000.00 Municipal infrastructure R 6 000 000.00 R 2 200 000.00 Tourism Tourism Tourism R 80 000 000.00 R 80 000 000.00 R 80 000 000.00 (insurance claims) (insurance claims) (insurance claims) Municipal roads Municipal roads R 5 000 000,00 R 5 000 000,00 Municipal roads R 5 000 000,00 (Emergency funding) (Emergency funding) (Emergency funding) Municipal water provision Municipal water provision R 9 200 000.00 R 9 200 000.00 Municipal water provision R 9 200 000.00 (Emergency funding) (Emergency funding) (Emergency funding) Hydrological gauging weirs Hydrological gauging weirs R 7 400 000.00 R 7 400 000.00 Hydrological gauging weirs R 7 400 000.00 Total Total R256 300 000.00 R 87 920 024.68 R 87 920 024.68 Total R 87 920 024.68

Infrastructure damage. Kruger National Park: The total estimated cost based on the verification assessment of infrastructure damage during the 2012 floods Is R 19 774 064.00 Air Force Base Hoedspruit: Rehabilitation of infrastructure R 71 401 554.00 Roads and bridges R 24 601 554.00

Road infrastructure - flood damage 84

DAMAGE TO AREAS OF ECONOMIC ACTIVITY 85

The Blyde business centre flooded. 86

FLOODING BLYDE RIVER 87

FLOODING BLYDE RIVER 88

Council resolution and declaration of disaster.  Special Council meetings were convened for Maruleng and Mopani District Municipality.  The classification of a local disaster in terms of section 23 of the Disaster Management Act, Act No 57 of 2002 for Maruleng Municipality was received from the National Disaster Management Centre on the 30 January 2012. The Executive Mayor signed the declaration the publishing of the Provincial Gazette was done by Provincial Department of COGHSTA.

Overview: Floods January 2013 Giyani

Overview: Floods 2013 Giyani. On the 16 th of January 2013, the South African Weather Service submitted the following early warning message:

Early warning: SAWS “ The South African Weather Service wishes to advise the public that there is a high likelihood of wide-spread heavy rains over North West, Gauteng, eastern Free State, KwaZulu-Natal, Limpopo and Mpumalanga from late Friday 18th January 2013 to Sunday 20th January 2013. These heavy rains will be caused by an intense low pressure moving in from Botswana. As consequence of heavy rains, rivers and stream systems will begin flowing strongly. The danger of flash-flooding should be kept in mind. There have already been heavy rains experienced over parts of Mpumalanga and Limpopo earlier this week and rivers in these areas are running high. These two provinces run the highest risk for flooding this weekend”

Early warning: SAWS The public are therefore urged not to try to cross rivers and streams that are in flood, irrespective of whether they are on foot or in a vehicle. People living in areas close to rivers or within flood plains must also monitor the rising water levels.”

Radio and local media Through the Communication Manager, Mopani District Municipality Disaster Management Centre immediately issued a warning to communities via local radio stations and local media.

Impact of the rain. The District start to receive rain from the 15 th January 2013, but no problems were reported until Saturday the 19 th January 2013 and Sunday 20 th January 2013. By this stage, the ground had become saturated and runoff resulted in rivers coming down in flood. The heavy rain also started to have an effect on some houses which collapsed when their mud walls absorbed too much water. Dam levels also rose sharply with the Nsami Dam rising from 7% to 159% by the fifth day of rainfall.

Joint Operational Centres The District Disaster Management Centre activated the District Disaster Management Joint Operational Centre (JOC). All District Departments are represented in the JOC to coordinate all the activities and to inform the Provincial Disaster Management Centre.

Dam levels. DAM DAM LEVEL DAM LEVEL RAINFALL MM 14/1/2013 21/1/2013 Ebenezer 96.73% 102.53% 471 Magoebaskloof 100.4% 104.25% 492 Tzaneen 78.4% 105.56% 513 Dap Naude 98.3% 108.3% 492 Middle Letaba -1.17% 41.84% 492 Nsami 7.33% 159.60% 479 Modjadji 57.59% 103.61% 328 Blyde River 101.00% 104.4% 163 Tours 99.90% 101.00% 234 Klaserie - 107.5% 189

Damage houses and relief assistance Houses that collapsed as a result of the rainfall: Total for District: Total affected - 1678 Total injuries - 18 Total deaths - 16 Tents required - 465 Food parcels - 1187

Emergency housing needs • Total of 420 houses are needed. The replacement value are R 32 592 000.00

Damage to road infrastructure INFRASTRUCTURE JURISDICTION ESTIMATED COST Roads – critical repair Provincial R122 879 000 Roads - complete Provincial R370 075 000 Roads & bridges critical Greater Giyani Municipality R 40 500 000 repair Ba-Phalaborwa R 2 100 000 Municipality Maruleng Municipality R 2 553 500 Greater Tzaneen R 6 300 000 Municipality Greater Letaba R 17 754 900 Municipality TOTAL R439 283 400