Southern Illinois University Carbondale OpenSIUC Honors Tieses University Honors Program May 2018 Sensory Processing Disorder: A Design Research Report Ashley Booth abooth@siu.edu Follow this and additional works at: htup://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/uhp_theses Recommended Citation Booth, Ashley, "Sensory Processing Disorder: A Design Research Report" (2018). Honors Tieses . 443. htup://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/uhp_theses/443 Tiis Dissertation/Tiesis is brought to you for free and open access by the University Honors Program at OpenSIUC. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Tieses by an authorized administrator of OpenSIUC. For more information, please contact opensiuc@lib.siu.edu.
SPD SPD Sensor Sensor y y Processing Processing Disorder: A Design Disorder: A Design Research repor Research repor t t A. Booth’s Honors THesis
Contents Introduction Many children, teens, and adults have sensory processing disorder Introduction or experience the same symptoms. Symptoms include over-sensitivity or under-sensitivity to the environment, poor balance, meltdowns, and more. What is sensory processing disorders characteristics Although many people do not types of therapy realize that they have SPD, research suggests that this effects 15 million helpful products people in the U.S. More specifjcally, 5 to 15% of all school-aged children have some type Survey Insights: of sensory processing disorder. 40 to demographics 85% of children with other disabilities how people are effected like Autism, also experience SPD. This wide demographic shows the need for further exploration into Conclusion SPD. After further exploration, I will research insight identify a specifjc area that holds design direction opportunities for my industrial design thesis. Miller, Lucy J., et al. Sensational kids: hope and help for children with sensory processing disorder (SPD). Penguin Books, 2006.
what is Spd? the senses and the brain Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD ) What’s happening A deeper look Causes is a neurological disorder that According to neuroscientist As demonstrated below, Although we know the causes a person’s nervous system Dr. Hylin, sensory processing people with SPD do not neurological causes of SPD, to misinterpret the environment disorders occur because the have effective sensory we do not know why some Dunn’s Sensory Processing Framework via the senses. patients’ brain and central “gates” and their environment brains are like this. From nervous system are not is not fjltered. This can genetics to environmental In order to understand the wired the same as the lead to sensory craving, factors neuroscientists and majority of the population. relationships between behaviors over-sensitivity, and doctors have not found a and neurological thresholds other SPD subtypes. direct cause for sensory patterns, occupational therapist processing disorders. Dr. Dunn created the Sensory Processing Framework. When people with SPD behave a certain way, his matrix can help understand their behaviors. With SPD, however, comes controversy. Not all doctors, schools, and caretakers recognize SPD as a proper diagnosis. It is often mistaken for ADHD and other behavioral problems. https://nspt4kids.com/health-topics-and-concerns/sensory-processing-disorder/ http://downloads.pearsonclinical.com/images/Assets/SensoryProfjle2/SP2-Infogrfx.pdf Dr. Hylin. Personal interview. Feb. 2018.
A Neurological view types of spd There are many types and behaviors associated Characteristics of sensory with SPD that can often resemble other behavioral processing disorder have disorders. However, even though behaviors been organized under three Sensory Sensory Motor often look similar from the outside, they are umbrella terms. Within Discrimination Modulation neurologically different. those terms, the behaviors and physiology problems The study, as shown here, investigated the areas have been furthered defjned and categorized. of the brain affected in children with SPD, Autism, Over Stimulation Dyspraxia Visual and both. It discovered that the area affected in SPD children is the corpus callosum. Although it appears to be slightly on those on the Autism Spectrum, Under Stimulation Postural Auditory the disconnectivity of the corpus callosum is mostly isolated with SPD. The corpus callosum is responsible for coordinating motor skills, processing Sensory Craving Tactile sensory information from the nervous system, and other cognitive tasks. Taste/Smell Not only does this explain why processing sensory information is different for people with SPD, Movement but it concretely shows that SPD brains are wired differently instead of being a symptom Introspection of different issues like many skeptics believe. https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/07/116196/kids-autism-and-sensory-processing-disorders-show-difgerences-brain-wiring https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2013/07/107316/breakthrough-study-reveals-biological-basis-sensory-processing-disorders-kidsi http://cnsvp.stanford.edu/atlas/corpus_callosum.html
SPD: sensor y modulation SPD: motor People with sensory modulation Those with motor-based struggle with the organization sensory disorder have of the senses. Their brains are Sensory issues with controlling Motor unable to effjciently sort the Modulation balance and have poor information received and distribute body awareness. the information as needed. Over Stimulation Under Stimulation Sensory Craving Dyspraxia Disorder Postural Disorder Those with over-stimulation Unable to detect sensory stimuli These people feel the need to Controlling motor skills and processing Postural disorder makes it diffjcult for are more sensitive to their properly, those with under consistently seek out sensory sensory information into organizational the body to understand its orientaiton. environment. This can cause stimulation may struggle with stimuli. This could involve methods is an issue for people with This makes controlling one’s body, especially when standing or sitting, diffjcult. anxiety and panic attacks. In body movements. In children, anything from trying to touch dyspraxia. This often includes like making response to these feelings, this can look aggressive as they everything to spinning in circles and followinga plan. they may try to avoid contact may accidently run into others. for long durtations. with triggers. https://ilslearningcorner.com/blog/2016/02/10/2016-02-sensory-processing-why-is-disciplining-my-sensory-child-so-hard/ http://asensorylife.com/sensory-modulation.html https://www.spdstar.org/sites/default/fjles/publications/Sensory%20Overresponsivity%20.pdf https://www.spdstar.org/sites/default/fjles/publications/3.%20Jul.-Aug.%202012%20-%20SBMD%2C%20PD_0.pdf
y discrimination SPD: sensor SPD: It’s a combo With sensory discrimination, o u s s v y s r t e e n m l a the brain is unable to process p r r t o n e c information from the senses People who may have Sensory e c s accurately. This often means o s Autism, ADHD, ADD, Discrimination i i d n u associating stimuli with the Aspergers, and more often g a ADHD d wrong connotation. More have some form of SPD. f i o s specifjc examples include: o s r e Those with SPD often d p e experience more than one y r t s Visual: unable to see Tactile: unable to feel the Movement: unable to subgroup. for example, a the difgerence between difgerence between acorns feel if if tripping backward child may have issues with the letters “O” and “Q”. or walnuts. or falling forward. visual discrimination, craves tactile senses, but is over negative SPD Aspergers Auditory: unable to Taste/Smell: struggles to Introspection: not able to stimulated by sounds. emotions difgerentiate similar sounding taste the difgerence between understand if food craving is However, a side effect that words like “pen” and “pin”. oranges and grapefruits. out of need or because of want. all of these neurological disorders include is negative emotions for the person with the disorder, caretakers, and surrounding people who lack the Autism understanding. http://www.thesensoryspectrum.com/what-is-interoception/ https://www.ucsf.edu/news/2014/07/116196/kids-autism-and-sensory-processing-disorders-show-difgerences-brain-wiring
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