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Introduction Background and Related Work Development Analysis and Results Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Security in Smart Cities: Adapting Castalia to Simulate Attacks on Deployed Heterogeneous WSNs Jaume Guasch 1 1Master

  1. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Analysis and Results Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Introduction Human population tends to live in growing cities and metropolis It is anticipated that by 2030, 60% of world population will already live in large cities and urban areas The intensive use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) opens new opportunities for cities management Smart City concept appeared in the 90’s decade as the set of initiatives to bring better services to citizens and improvements to city management Amongst the most studied issues, Security is highlighted in the literature from different angles and seen as a concern by users and policy makers Security in the context of managing heterogeneous information sources in the ’smart’ environment with the confluence of a growing and diverse number of data generation elements Sensor Network is seen as the central key element in the ’smart’ environment The analysis of the data associated with sensor networks opens a field of study to understand their type, possible menaces and the impact on security Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  2. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  3. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Smart Cities and IoT From the Literature Review Smart Cities represent the confluence between the intelligent services that big cities or metropolis need and the growing use of ICT Broad and prolific field with different research disciplines from supplied services, real experiences, study of technologies and the study of main concerns to the deployment and acceptance by users Example: Barcelona as one of the leading smart cities in Europe and representative approach combining smart districts, living labs, e-Services, Open Data and providing examples of district transformation as the 22@ successful implementation Example: Santander with SmartSantander as one of the largest smart city test-beds in Europe and platform integration of the large amounts of data collected from all the deployed sensors From the new trends in the so-called Future Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is converging rapidly with smart cities as the combination of elements such as ubiquitous computing, sensors technology, wireless communications, Internet and the embedded devices Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  4. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Smart Cities and IoT From the Literature Review Smart Cities represent the confluence between the intelligent services that big cities or metropolis need and the growing use of ICT Broad and prolific field with different research disciplines from supplied services, real experiences, study of technologies and the study of main concerns to the deployment and acceptance by users Example: Barcelona as one of the leading smart cities in Europe and representative approach combining smart districts, living labs, e-Services, Open Data and providing examples of district transformation as the 22@ successful implementation Example: Santander with SmartSantander as one of the largest smart city test-beds in Europe and platform integration of the large amounts of data collected from all the deployed sensors From the new trends in the so-called Future Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is converging rapidly with smart cities as the combination of elements such as ubiquitous computing, sensors technology, wireless communications, Internet and the embedded devices Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  5. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Smart Cities and IoT From the Literature Review Smart Cities represent the confluence between the intelligent services that big cities or metropolis need and the growing use of ICT Broad and prolific field with different research disciplines from supplied services, real experiences, study of technologies and the study of main concerns to the deployment and acceptance by users Example: Barcelona as one of the leading smart cities in Europe and representative approach combining smart districts, living labs, e-Services, Open Data and providing examples of district transformation as the 22@ successful implementation Example: Santander with SmartSantander as one of the largest smart city test-beds in Europe and platform integration of the large amounts of data collected from all the deployed sensors From the new trends in the so-called Future Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is converging rapidly with smart cities as the combination of elements such as ubiquitous computing, sensors technology, wireless communications, Internet and the embedded devices Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  6. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Smart Cities and IoT From the Literature Review Smart Cities represent the confluence between the intelligent services that big cities or metropolis need and the growing use of ICT Broad and prolific field with different research disciplines from supplied services, real experiences, study of technologies and the study of main concerns to the deployment and acceptance by users Example: Barcelona as one of the leading smart cities in Europe and representative approach combining smart districts, living labs, e-Services, Open Data and providing examples of district transformation as the 22@ successful implementation Example: Santander with SmartSantander as one of the largest smart city test-beds in Europe and platform integration of the large amounts of data collected from all the deployed sensors From the new trends in the so-called Future Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is converging rapidly with smart cities as the combination of elements such as ubiquitous computing, sensors technology, wireless communications, Internet and the embedded devices Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  7. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Smart Cities and IoT From the Literature Review Smart Cities represent the confluence between the intelligent services that big cities or metropolis need and the growing use of ICT Broad and prolific field with different research disciplines from supplied services, real experiences, study of technologies and the study of main concerns to the deployment and acceptance by users Example: Barcelona as one of the leading smart cities in Europe and representative approach combining smart districts, living labs, e-Services, Open Data and providing examples of district transformation as the 22@ successful implementation Example: Santander with SmartSantander as one of the largest smart city test-beds in Europe and platform integration of the large amounts of data collected from all the deployed sensors From the new trends in the so-called Future Internet, the Internet of Things (IoT) is converging rapidly with smart cities as the combination of elements such as ubiquitous computing, sensors technology, wireless communications, Internet and the embedded devices Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  8. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  9. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  10. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  11. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  12. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  13. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  14. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  15. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  16. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Wireless Sensor Networks From The Literature Review Sensor networks are usually of diverse types and from different manufacturers and might present doubts related to ensuring security, among others issues Requirements of both low cost and low power consumption of sensor networks that characterize the IoT networks pose an additional challenge Security is contemplated in the broadest sense, covering availability, the integrity and capacity of authorized access Security in IoT and in Smart Cities is directly related to security in WSNs WSNs limitations make it challenging to ensure their security when facing attacks in their function and operation Increasing number of applications where security is critical would condition policy-makers’ acceptance and generate final users resistances Network security is a fundamental requirement that will demand the development of mechanisms to detect the presence of possible attacks and to estimate the level of security of a given WSN Simulation of real networks in lab environment as a good compromise between the fidelity of the model and the ability to emulate a wide range of situations and scenarios Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  17. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  18. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  19. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  20. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  21. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  22. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  23. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  24. Introduction Background and Related Work Smart Cities and IoT Development Wireless Sensor Networks Analysis and Results Pursued Objective Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Pursued Objective Initial Project Requirements Main objective: set-up of a simulation environment in order to emulate a real network of already existing nodes Information about several groups of nodes from different brands, characterized by a list of individual sensor node references and their GPS positions has been obtained for the city of Barcelona The actual received data sent from sensors during an extensive period up to 14 days has also been supplied No additional information about network routing or the presence of additional routing nodes or gateways has been supplied The approach: To send actual available data from nodes, instead of programming the nodes to send messages following certain statistical distribution Different scenarios to emulate anomalies and attacks might be able to be simulated in order to compare the effects on the received data when applied Final Output: The information coming from every simulation to be processed to feed a detection system that will learn from every scenario in different time intervals to infer when an attack occurred Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  25. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  26. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  27. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  28. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  29. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  30. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  31. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  32. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment OMNeT++ & Castalia The simulation environment is build using Castalia 3.2 over OMNeT++ 4.6 OMNeT++ is an object-oriented modular discrete event network simulation framework with a generic architecture Basic element of OMNeT++ is the module. Modules are simple or compound. Simple modules are lowest level of hierarchy and behaviour is programmed in C++. Compound modules are constructed by other simple or compound modules Modules are connected to other modules via gates that send and receive messages that are formed by arbitrary data structures A simulation model is composed by different simple and compound modules, that are interconnected in order to pass messages among them Castalia is a simulator designed for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and Body Area Networks (BAN) that are both characterized by low power embedded devices Castalia pre-defines OMNeT++ simple and compound modules to easily simulate WSNs and BANs. Modules might be created or modified to include new protocols or add new applications Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  33. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment Basic Modules in Castalia Castalia Basic Modules (source: Castalia user manual) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  34. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Environment Node Module in Castalia Castalia Node Module (source: Castalia user manual) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  35. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  36. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Baseline Data Sensor Networks Information Supplied data is constituted of a series of files containing the name and position for the nodes of different brands and the nodes data received during a given period of time The names of nodes and their position are defined in a single csv file with the structure shown bellow (actual brand names omitted): x,y,Node_ID,Provider 2.1303350072,41.3852070789,MIC0001,BRAND_1 2.1300723767,41.3846812626,MIC0002,BRAND_1 (...) 2.1306075408,41.3851881008,T240714,BRAND_2 2.1299546229,41.3842444442,T240711,BRAND_2 (...) 2.1305602148,41.3840314145,71330,BRAND_3 2.1303745153,41.3838977008,71315,BRAND_3 (...) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  37. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Baseline Data Sensor Networks Information Supplied data is constituted of a series of files containing the name and position for the nodes of different brands and the nodes data received during a given period of time The names of nodes and their position are defined in a single csv file with the structure shown bellow (actual brand names omitted): x,y,Node_ID,Provider 2.1303350072,41.3852070789,MIC0001,BRAND_1 2.1300723767,41.3846812626,MIC0002,BRAND_1 (...) 2.1306075408,41.3851881008,T240714,BRAND_2 2.1299546229,41.3842444442,T240711,BRAND_2 (...) 2.1305602148,41.3840314145,71330,BRAND_3 2.1303745153,41.3838977008,71315,BRAND_3 (...) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  38. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Baseline Data Sensor Networks Information (cont.) Files (one per brand) containing the received event messages follow the shown structure (see two examples for 2 different brands): nodeId,"message_app",time,"timestamp_message" MIC0003,"64.9",1442698020,"2015-09-19 23:27:00.000" MIC0010,"65.2",1442697960,"2015-09-19 23:26:00.000" MIC0007,"65.7",1442697960,"2015-09-19 23:26:00.000" (...) nodeId,"message_app",time,"timestamp_message" "TA120-T240711-N","65.1","1442699927","2015-09-19 23:58:47.340" "TA120-T240708-N","68.5","1442699921","2015-09-19 23:58:41.387" "TA120-T241198-B",100,"1442699913","2015-09-19 23:58:33.466" (...) Additionally, kml files used to represent spatial position of nodes in Google Earth are also available for all brands Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  39. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Baseline Data Sensor Networks Information (cont.) Files (one per brand) containing the received event messages follow the shown structure (see two examples for 2 different brands): nodeId,"message_app",time,"timestamp_message" MIC0003,"64.9",1442698020,"2015-09-19 23:27:00.000" MIC0010,"65.2",1442697960,"2015-09-19 23:26:00.000" MIC0007,"65.7",1442697960,"2015-09-19 23:26:00.000" (...) nodeId,"message_app",time,"timestamp_message" "TA120-T240711-N","65.1","1442699927","2015-09-19 23:58:47.340" "TA120-T240708-N","68.5","1442699921","2015-09-19 23:58:41.387" "TA120-T241198-B",100,"1442699913","2015-09-19 23:58:33.466" (...) Additionally, kml files used to represent spatial position of nodes in Google Earth are also available for all brands Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  40. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  41. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Arranging Baseline Data First Python script developed to sort csv events file into increasing order and convert messages from nodes to numeric value in either case. Timecodes are also kept in seconds format: $pyhton3 ordena.py <events_file_name>.csv The second script takes the nodes definition file, the number of intervals and the interval duration the simulation will have as input parameters: $python3 setup_simulation.py <nodes_file>.csv #intervals duration Node positions are GPS coordinates. Simulator requires node placement with X,Y coordinates in meters. Conversion is obtained using the following approximation: X[m] = 111.195*(long-long_origin)[deg]*COS(lat[rad]) Y[m] = 111.195*(lat-lat_origin)[deg] Simulation configuration file omnetpp.ini and data files for nodes are created by the second script Node 0 or sink node is automatically placed at the middle of the area determined by application nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  42. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Arranging Baseline Data First Python script developed to sort csv events file into increasing order and convert messages from nodes to numeric value in either case. Timecodes are also kept in seconds format: $pyhton3 ordena.py <events_file_name>.csv The second script takes the nodes definition file, the number of intervals and the interval duration the simulation will have as input parameters: $python3 setup_simulation.py <nodes_file>.csv #intervals duration Node positions are GPS coordinates. Simulator requires node placement with X,Y coordinates in meters. Conversion is obtained using the following approximation: X[m] = 111.195*(long-long_origin)[deg]*COS(lat[rad]) Y[m] = 111.195*(lat-lat_origin)[deg] Simulation configuration file omnetpp.ini and data files for nodes are created by the second script Node 0 or sink node is automatically placed at the middle of the area determined by application nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  43. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Arranging Baseline Data First Python script developed to sort csv events file into increasing order and convert messages from nodes to numeric value in either case. Timecodes are also kept in seconds format: $pyhton3 ordena.py <events_file_name>.csv The second script takes the nodes definition file, the number of intervals and the interval duration the simulation will have as input parameters: $python3 setup_simulation.py <nodes_file>.csv #intervals duration Node positions are GPS coordinates. Simulator requires node placement with X,Y coordinates in meters. Conversion is obtained using the following approximation: X[m] = 111.195*(long-long_origin)[deg]*COS(lat[rad]) Y[m] = 111.195*(lat-lat_origin)[deg] Simulation configuration file omnetpp.ini and data files for nodes are created by the second script Node 0 or sink node is automatically placed at the middle of the area determined by application nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  44. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Arranging Baseline Data First Python script developed to sort csv events file into increasing order and convert messages from nodes to numeric value in either case. Timecodes are also kept in seconds format: $pyhton3 ordena.py <events_file_name>.csv The second script takes the nodes definition file, the number of intervals and the interval duration the simulation will have as input parameters: $python3 setup_simulation.py <nodes_file>.csv #intervals duration Node positions are GPS coordinates. Simulator requires node placement with X,Y coordinates in meters. Conversion is obtained using the following approximation: X[m] = 111.195*(long-long_origin)[deg]*COS(lat[rad]) Y[m] = 111.195*(lat-lat_origin)[deg] Simulation configuration file omnetpp.ini and data files for nodes are created by the second script Node 0 or sink node is automatically placed at the middle of the area determined by application nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  45. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Arranging Baseline Data First Python script developed to sort csv events file into increasing order and convert messages from nodes to numeric value in either case. Timecodes are also kept in seconds format: $pyhton3 ordena.py <events_file_name>.csv The second script takes the nodes definition file, the number of intervals and the interval duration the simulation will have as input parameters: $python3 setup_simulation.py <nodes_file>.csv #intervals duration Node positions are GPS coordinates. Simulator requires node placement with X,Y coordinates in meters. Conversion is obtained using the following approximation: X[m] = 111.195*(long-long_origin)[deg]*COS(lat[rad]) Y[m] = 111.195*(lat-lat_origin)[deg] Simulation configuration file omnetpp.ini and data files for nodes are created by the second script Node 0 or sink node is automatically placed at the middle of the area determined by application nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  46. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Baseline Data Example in a Map Nodes placement on a map (from .kml file on Google Earth) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  47. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Simulation Set-up Baseline Data Example in X,Y Coords. Nodes and node 0 placement on an X,Y system (axes in m) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  48. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  49. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities Castalia has several ways to define values at the Physical Process Module either as constant or defined by time and position The ability to read a file as a way to assign values to node sensors is not yet supported. A new function is required to be implemented The application module ThroughputTest is modified accordingly to accommodate external file reading: int ThroughputTestNEW::readInputFile (string file, map<long,int>& temps, map<long,int>& valors) A timer is added that is fired when the message has to be sent. The application forms the packet and sends it to the Communications Module: toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(sensorRead, numberTimesSensed), recipientAddress.c_str()); If the number of available samples for a given node is achieved, the timer is cancelled and the node passes to idle state. This allows the simulation of nodes with diverse data amounts and cadences Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  50. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities Castalia has several ways to define values at the Physical Process Module either as constant or defined by time and position The ability to read a file as a way to assign values to node sensors is not yet supported. A new function is required to be implemented The application module ThroughputTest is modified accordingly to accommodate external file reading: int ThroughputTestNEW::readInputFile (string file, map<long,int>& temps, map<long,int>& valors) A timer is added that is fired when the message has to be sent. The application forms the packet and sends it to the Communications Module: toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(sensorRead, numberTimesSensed), recipientAddress.c_str()); If the number of available samples for a given node is achieved, the timer is cancelled and the node passes to idle state. This allows the simulation of nodes with diverse data amounts and cadences Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  51. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities Castalia has several ways to define values at the Physical Process Module either as constant or defined by time and position The ability to read a file as a way to assign values to node sensors is not yet supported. A new function is required to be implemented The application module ThroughputTest is modified accordingly to accommodate external file reading: int ThroughputTestNEW::readInputFile (string file, map<long,int>& temps, map<long,int>& valors) A timer is added that is fired when the message has to be sent. The application forms the packet and sends it to the Communications Module: toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(sensorRead, numberTimesSensed), recipientAddress.c_str()); If the number of available samples for a given node is achieved, the timer is cancelled and the node passes to idle state. This allows the simulation of nodes with diverse data amounts and cadences Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  52. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities Castalia has several ways to define values at the Physical Process Module either as constant or defined by time and position The ability to read a file as a way to assign values to node sensors is not yet supported. A new function is required to be implemented The application module ThroughputTest is modified accordingly to accommodate external file reading: int ThroughputTestNEW::readInputFile (string file, map<long,int>& temps, map<long,int>& valors) A timer is added that is fired when the message has to be sent. The application forms the packet and sends it to the Communications Module: toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(sensorRead, numberTimesSensed), recipientAddress.c_str()); If the number of available samples for a given node is achieved, the timer is cancelled and the node passes to idle state. This allows the simulation of nodes with diverse data amounts and cadences Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  53. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities Castalia has several ways to define values at the Physical Process Module either as constant or defined by time and position The ability to read a file as a way to assign values to node sensors is not yet supported. A new function is required to be implemented The application module ThroughputTest is modified accordingly to accommodate external file reading: int ThroughputTestNEW::readInputFile (string file, map<long,int>& temps, map<long,int>& valors) A timer is added that is fired when the message has to be sent. The application forms the packet and sends it to the Communications Module: toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(sensorRead, numberTimesSensed), recipientAddress.c_str()); If the number of available samples for a given node is achieved, the timer is cancelled and the node passes to idle state. This allows the simulation of nodes with diverse data amounts and cadences Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  54. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities (cont.) The attacker node is defined as the higher Id node. Original application timer is modified to serve as the attacker timer according to the attacker node packet_rate parameter Attacker node sends data packets with value 0 to broadcast and follows the chosen attack definition contained into omnetpp.ini configuration file toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(0,dataSN), BROADCAST_NETWORK_ADDRESS); The Application.startupDelay parameter is used together with the sim-time-limit to define the requested intervals into omnetpp.ini file: [Config Interval0] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 0 sim-time-limit = 3600s [Config Interval1] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 3600 sim-time-limit = 7200s Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  55. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities (cont.) The attacker node is defined as the higher Id node. Original application timer is modified to serve as the attacker timer according to the attacker node packet_rate parameter Attacker node sends data packets with value 0 to broadcast and follows the chosen attack definition contained into omnetpp.ini configuration file toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(0,dataSN), BROADCAST_NETWORK_ADDRESS); The Application.startupDelay parameter is used together with the sim-time-limit to define the requested intervals into omnetpp.ini file: [Config Interval0] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 0 sim-time-limit = 3600s [Config Interval1] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 3600 sim-time-limit = 7200s Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  56. Introduction Background and Related Work Simulation Environment Development Baseline Data Analysis and Results Simulation Set-up Conclusions and Further Work Developments in Castalia Acknowledgements Developments in Castalia Development of New Functionalities (cont.) The attacker node is defined as the higher Id node. Original application timer is modified to serve as the attacker timer according to the attacker node packet_rate parameter Attacker node sends data packets with value 0 to broadcast and follows the chosen attack definition contained into omnetpp.ini configuration file toNetworkLayer(createGenericDataPacket(0,dataSN), BROADCAST_NETWORK_ADDRESS); The Application.startupDelay parameter is used together with the sim-time-limit to define the requested intervals into omnetpp.ini file: [Config Interval0] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 0 sim-time-limit = 3600s [Config Interval1] SN.node[*].Application.startupDelay = 3600 sim-time-limit = 7200s Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  57. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  58. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 1 A first scenario is configured for 10 application nodes defining one interval of 4 hours. Nodes have TMAC as MAC protocol and no attack is applied [Config TMAC] SN.node[0..10].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TMAC" SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.phyDataRate = 250 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.maxTxRetries = 5 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.waitTimeout = 5 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.collisionResolution = 0 [Config NoAttack] SN.node[11].Application.packet_rate = 0 SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.TxOutputPower = "-15dBm" SN.node[11].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TunableMAC" Results are shown in the next table: node 2 node 4 node 7 node 8 #received 4 31 56 43 Rec. rate 0.06 1 0.97 0.94 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  59. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 1 A first scenario is configured for 10 application nodes defining one interval of 4 hours. Nodes have TMAC as MAC protocol and no attack is applied [Config TMAC] SN.node[0..10].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TMAC" SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.phyDataRate = 250 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.maxTxRetries = 5 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.waitTimeout = 5 SN.node[0..10].Communication.MAC.collisionResolution = 0 [Config NoAttack] SN.node[11].Application.packet_rate = 0 SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.TxOutputPower = "-15dBm" SN.node[11].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TunableMAC" Results are shown in the next table: node 2 node 4 node 7 node 8 #received 4 31 56 43 Rec. rate 0.06 1 0.97 0.94 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  60. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2 Nodes are power limited and some of them are away from sink node (node 0). In scenario 1, many packets are lost A second scenario is composed adding routing information to nodes. Data added to the initial csv file and compiled with modified scripts to create configuration file with routing information [Config Multihop] Modified ThroughputTest is adapted accordingly and the packet structure is also modified to accommodate the origin node to every message New simulation with Multihop configuration improves receptions rates: nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  61. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2 Nodes are power limited and some of them are away from sink node (node 0). In scenario 1, many packets are lost A second scenario is composed adding routing information to nodes. Data added to the initial csv file and compiled with modified scripts to create configuration file with routing information [Config Multihop] Modified ThroughputTest is adapted accordingly and the packet structure is also modified to accommodate the origin node to every message New simulation with Multihop configuration improves receptions rates: nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  62. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2 Nodes are power limited and some of them are away from sink node (node 0). In scenario 1, many packets are lost A second scenario is composed adding routing information to nodes. Data added to the initial csv file and compiled with modified scripts to create configuration file with routing information [Config Multihop] Modified ThroughputTest is adapted accordingly and the packet structure is also modified to accommodate the origin node to every message New simulation with Multihop configuration improves receptions rates: nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  63. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2 Nodes are power limited and some of them are away from sink node (node 0). In scenario 1, many packets are lost A second scenario is composed adding routing information to nodes. Data added to the initial csv file and compiled with modified scripts to create configuration file with routing information [Config Multihop] Modified ThroughputTest is adapted accordingly and the packet structure is also modified to accommodate the origin node to every message New simulation with Multihop configuration improves receptions rates: nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  64. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Map of Routing Nodes and node 0 placement and routing (axes in m) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  65. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  66. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  67. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  68. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  69. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  70. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 2. Additional Comments Node 9 has no packets to send since events file had no messages from this node Node 10 does not achieve to send packets to node 0 due to radio congestion at node 4 Node 4 does not receive the packet from node 10 and only forwards packets received from node 5 to next node. When node 10 sends packets to node 4, the radio of node 4 is not ready Node 10 retries sending packet to node 4 according to the defined maximum number of retries and finally discards sending the current packet Congestion in certain nodes has been a big issue not totally solved in order to completely emulate the original network with the supplied event files Adding intermediate nodes has been discarded because no information is available about the existence of any additional nodes in the actual network. Simulations showed that congestion problem prevails or even increases with intermediate nodes Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  71. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3 Previous simulation configuration is now repeated adding an attack that is designed to affect the transmission medium The attacker node uses a different protocol than the rest of nodes because it is supposed not related to the existing network and free to transmit independently of the channel state [Config JammingAttack] SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.TxOutputPower = "0dBm" SN.node[11].Application.constantDataPayload = 277 SN.node[11].Communication.Routing.maxNetFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MAC.maxMACFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.maxPhyFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TunableMAC" SN.node[11].Application.packet_rate = 75 SN.node[11].xCoor = 50 SN.node[11].yCoor = 80 This transmission medium attack might be assimilated to a Jamming Attack. Attacker node is manually placed at desired coordinates Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  72. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3 Previous simulation configuration is now repeated adding an attack that is designed to affect the transmission medium The attacker node uses a different protocol than the rest of nodes because it is supposed not related to the existing network and free to transmit independently of the channel state [Config JammingAttack] SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.TxOutputPower = "0dBm" SN.node[11].Application.constantDataPayload = 277 SN.node[11].Communication.Routing.maxNetFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MAC.maxMACFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.maxPhyFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TunableMAC" SN.node[11].Application.packet_rate = 75 SN.node[11].xCoor = 50 SN.node[11].yCoor = 80 This transmission medium attack might be assimilated to a Jamming Attack. Attacker node is manually placed at desired coordinates Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  73. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3 Previous simulation configuration is now repeated adding an attack that is designed to affect the transmission medium The attacker node uses a different protocol than the rest of nodes because it is supposed not related to the existing network and free to transmit independently of the channel state [Config JammingAttack] SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.TxOutputPower = "0dBm" SN.node[11].Application.constantDataPayload = 277 SN.node[11].Communication.Routing.maxNetFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MAC.maxMACFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.Radio.maxPhyFrameSize = 2500 SN.node[11].Communication.MACProtocolName = "TunableMAC" SN.node[11].Application.packet_rate = 75 SN.node[11].xCoor = 50 SN.node[11].yCoor = 80 This transmission medium attack might be assimilated to a Jamming Attack. Attacker node is manually placed at desired coordinates Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  74. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3. Results Simulation results show the effect of the defined attack. Tables bellow compare both simulation results: no attack nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Jamming nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 17 59 23 30 24 15 58 46 Rec. rate 0.4 0.92 0.32 0.97 0.27 0.54 1 1 The number of received packets and the corresponding reception rate are clearly reduced when the attack is applied (see nodes 3 & 5) Additional configurations might be used to emulate other attacks in various conditions focusing selected areas of the network, the sink node or sub-networks corresponding to an specific brand or functionality Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  75. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3. Results Simulation results show the effect of the defined attack. Tables bellow compare both simulation results: no attack nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Jamming nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 17 59 23 30 24 15 58 46 Rec. rate 0.4 0.92 0.32 0.97 0.27 0.54 1 1 The number of received packets and the corresponding reception rate are clearly reduced when the attack is applied (see nodes 3 & 5) Additional configurations might be used to emulate other attacks in various conditions focusing selected areas of the network, the sink node or sub-networks corresponding to an specific brand or functionality Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  76. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Initial Results and Improvements Simulation Results. Scenario 3. Results Simulation results show the effect of the defined attack. Tables bellow compare both simulation results: no attack nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 19 62 44 30 79 16 57 45 Rec. rate 0.45 0.97 0.62 0.97 0.9 0.57 0.98 0.98 Jamming nd 1 nd 2 nd 3 nd 4 nd 5 nd 6 nd 7 nd 8 #received 17 59 23 30 24 15 58 46 Rec. rate 0.4 0.92 0.32 0.97 0.27 0.54 1 1 The number of received packets and the corresponding reception rate are clearly reduced when the attack is applied (see nodes 3 & 5) Additional configurations might be used to emulate other attacks in various conditions focusing selected areas of the network, the sink node or sub-networks corresponding to an specific brand or functionality Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  77. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Outline Introduction 1 Background and Related Work 2 Smart Cities and IoT Wireless Sensor Networks Pursued Objective Development 3 Simulation Environment Baseline Data Simulation Set-up Developments in Castalia Analysis and Results 4 Initial Results and Improvements Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work 5 Conclusions Further work Acknowledgements 6 Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  78. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development The Final goal was to prepare simulation result files in a convenient format to be used as input in anomaly detectors Detectors will be trained with simulation data coming from several intervals to emulate the real network formed by different nodes from various brands Output files will be the result of simulations run in different scenarios. The objective is to see if the system is able to detect the anomalies when they occur and even classifying the type of attack A single table for every simulation is created containing one row per interval and scenario (no attack, attack of type 1, attack of type 2, etc.) and columns gathering output data about simulation parameters for every node This later analysis is out of the scope of this work. However, the required provisions to compile the CastaliaResults csv file represented the last development of the present work Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  79. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development The Final goal was to prepare simulation result files in a convenient format to be used as input in anomaly detectors Detectors will be trained with simulation data coming from several intervals to emulate the real network formed by different nodes from various brands Output files will be the result of simulations run in different scenarios. The objective is to see if the system is able to detect the anomalies when they occur and even classifying the type of attack A single table for every simulation is created containing one row per interval and scenario (no attack, attack of type 1, attack of type 2, etc.) and columns gathering output data about simulation parameters for every node This later analysis is out of the scope of this work. However, the required provisions to compile the CastaliaResults csv file represented the last development of the present work Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  80. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development The Final goal was to prepare simulation result files in a convenient format to be used as input in anomaly detectors Detectors will be trained with simulation data coming from several intervals to emulate the real network formed by different nodes from various brands Output files will be the result of simulations run in different scenarios. The objective is to see if the system is able to detect the anomalies when they occur and even classifying the type of attack A single table for every simulation is created containing one row per interval and scenario (no attack, attack of type 1, attack of type 2, etc.) and columns gathering output data about simulation parameters for every node This later analysis is out of the scope of this work. However, the required provisions to compile the CastaliaResults csv file represented the last development of the present work Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  81. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development The Final goal was to prepare simulation result files in a convenient format to be used as input in anomaly detectors Detectors will be trained with simulation data coming from several intervals to emulate the real network formed by different nodes from various brands Output files will be the result of simulations run in different scenarios. The objective is to see if the system is able to detect the anomalies when they occur and even classifying the type of attack A single table for every simulation is created containing one row per interval and scenario (no attack, attack of type 1, attack of type 2, etc.) and columns gathering output data about simulation parameters for every node This later analysis is out of the scope of this work. However, the required provisions to compile the CastaliaResults csv file represented the last development of the present work Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  82. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development The Final goal was to prepare simulation result files in a convenient format to be used as input in anomaly detectors Detectors will be trained with simulation data coming from several intervals to emulate the real network formed by different nodes from various brands Output files will be the result of simulations run in different scenarios. The objective is to see if the system is able to detect the anomalies when they occur and even classifying the type of attack A single table for every simulation is created containing one row per interval and scenario (no attack, attack of type 1, attack of type 2, etc.) and columns gathering output data about simulation parameters for every node This later analysis is out of the scope of this work. However, the required provisions to compile the CastaliaResults csv file represented the last development of the present work Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  83. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  84. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  85. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  86. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  87. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  88. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  89. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  90. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

  91. Introduction Background and Related Work Development Initial Results and Improvements Analysis and Results Simulation and Output Files Conclusions and Further Work Acknowledgements Simulation and Output Files Last Development (cont.) Last Python script has also been created on that purpose: $python3 convertResultsFile.py <sim_file> #Intervals #Scenarios Previous script will collect the following parameters for every node in the simulation from the simulator results file: Packets received at node 0 Reception loss at node 0 Reception rate at node 0 Consumed energy during simulation Radio Tx packets MAC sent packets breakdown attending to values for: ACK, CTS, DATA, RTS & SYNC Radio RX packets breakdown attending to for: Failed with NO interference, Failed with interference, Failed, below sensitivity, Failed, non RX state, Received despite interference & Received with NO interference The results file is given into a new text comma separated file (csv) Guasch, Jaume Security in Smart Cities

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