Sea lions and Te Ao Māo with a focus on Ngāi Tahu whānui
Past Distribution Map derived from: Childerhouse & Gales (1998) Historical and modern distribution and abundance of the New Zealand sea lion Phocarctos hookeri, New Zealand Journal of Zoology, 25:1, p 3
Te Ao Māori - a southern perspective Te Ao Māori - the ‘Māori worldview’ ● Localised differences in perspectives, traditions, tikanga/kawa, history, interpretations, practices, climate, and resource availability
Te Ao Māori - a southern perspective Te Ao Māori - the ‘Māori worldview’ ● Localised differences in perspectives, traditions, tikanga/kawa, history, interpretations, practices, climate, and resource availability Mātauranga Māori - ‘Māori knowledge’ ● the body of knowledge originating from Māori ancestors, including the Māori world view and perspectives, Māori creativity and cultural practices ( https://maoridictionary.co.nz/ )
Te Ao Māori - a southern perspective Te Ao Māori - the ‘Māori worldview’ ● Localised differences in perspectives, traditions, tikanga/kawa, history, interpretations, practices, climate, and resource availability Mātauranga Māori - ‘Māori knowledge’ ● the body of knowledge originating from Māori ancestors, including the Māori world view and perspectives, Māori creativity and cultural practices ( https://maoridictionary.co.nz/ ) In Te Waipounamu / the South Island, we have a unique southern perspective
Ngāi Tahu is here.
Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu and Papatipu Rūn Iwi level: ● Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu ● Includes Ngāi Tahu, Kāti Māmoe, Waitaha ● Governance and Strategy ● Tribal Assets
Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu and Papatipu Rūn Iwi level: ● Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu ● Includes Ngāi Tahu, Kāti Māmoe, Waitaha ● Governance and Strategy ● Tribal Assets Hapū and whānau level: ● Papatipu Rūnanga (18 throughout takiwā) ● Considered to be Mana Whenua
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time.
… but many of us have become disconnect from our land, language, mātauraka/knowledge, history, stories and cultural practices through colonisation Interm arriage with sealers and whalers Resource depletion, land loss, access to m ahika kai sites rem oved Introduction of the m usket, diseases Urban m igration away from traditional kāika to jobs in towns/cities Te Kerēm e - the Ngāi Tahu claim
Sea lions and southern Māori - recorded evidence Archaeological midden evidence: sea lions were a food source European written evidence: ● Beattie, Taylor, Boultbee, Chapman, Hector and Kent report or imply Māori went on regular seasonal sealing and muttonbirding expeditions ● Records that ‘seal’ flesh was preserved by smoking, or in kelp bags (poha) for later consumption Oral and traditional evidence
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time. We plan to be here for a long time to come.
Mō tātou, ā, mō kā uri ā muri ake nei “For us and our children after us”
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time. We plan to be here for a long time to come. We have a unique relationship with the NZ s
Sea lions and southern Māori - a taonga species Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act 1987: Phocarctos hookeri listed as one of six marine mammal taonga species in Ngāi Tahu Claims Settlement Act (also southern elephant seal, NZ fur seal, humpback whale, sperm whale and southern right whale). The Crown acknowledges: ● the cultural, spiritual, historic, and traditional association of Ngāi Tahu with taonga species ● Ngāi Tahu whānui as ‘active participants’ in the management of taonga species
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time. We plan to be here for a long time to come. We have a unique relationship with the NZ se We have people who want to be and should involved in sea lion recovery / threat manag
Mana whenua and kaitiaki responsibilities Mana whenua Mana whenua - territorial rights, power from the land, authority over land or territory, jurisdiction over land or territory - power associated with possession and occupation of tribal land. The tribe's history and legends are based in the lands they have occupied over generations and the land provides the sustenance for the people and to provide hospitality for guests. Kaitiakitanga / kaitiakitaka - guardianship, stewardship, trusteeship Kaitiaki - guardian, steward, trustee Tiaki - to guard, keep, look after, conserve, protect, to have custody of
Iwi and whānau involvement looks like: Involvement in: ● Planning, decision-m aking, governance ● Operational delivery ● Education and advocacy Local (hapū, whānau level) AND Iwi level Reconnecting Ngāi Tahu whānui with m ātauranga pakake
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time. We plan to be here for a long time to come. We have a unique relationship with the NZ se We have people who want to be and should involved in sea lion recovery / threat manage It is important to us that cultural narratives a correct and are shared in the right way.
Cultural narratives, kōrero, history, relations Examples of Ngāi Tahu whānui’s cultural narratives relating to the NZ sea lion ● Waiata: ‘ Tō ana te pakake ki rō wai’ ● Pūrākau: Te Koreke m e te Pakake ● Hītori: Ngāi Tahu m igration history - ‘ seal’ skin deception ● Whakataukī: ‘ Ko te whakahao te hoa kakari a Te Wera’ ● Nam es: m any different nam es recorded The right way: shared by the right people, at the right tim e, in the right way, based on an ongoing reciprocal relationship
Comparison of names of marine mammals (adapted from Sm ihupiro, Fur seal (6) mimiha Whale (6); fur seal (5?) ihupuku kake Female sea lion (6) pakaka, Seal (1, 6), sea lion (2?, 4), whale (6) pakake, pakeke kakerangi Fur seal (6) poipoiangore, A species of seal (2), leopard seal (6) poipoiakore karewaka Fur seal (6) poutoko Male sea lion (6) kautakoa Male sea lion (6) rapoka Sea lion (6), leopard seal (1, 5?) miha pakake Calf of whale (6) whakahao, Sea lion (1, 5), male sea lion (6) whakahau (1) Beattie (1920); (2) Beattie (n.d.); (4) Boultbee (Begg and Begg 1979); (5) Taylor (1870); (6) Williams (1957) Adapted from: Ian W.G. Smith (1985) Sea Mammal Hunting and Prehistoric Subsistence in NZ
Ngāi Tahu is here. We have been here for a long time. We plan to be here for a long time to come. We have a unique relationship with the NZ se We have people who want to be and should involved in sea lion recovery / threat manage It is important to us that cultural narratives ar correct and are shared in the right way.
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