Safety Standards & Ongoing Safety Testing (OST) Roland Hill – Fellow of SAIEE, Chairman AFSEC TC13 and Chairman BSI PEL/13/-/13 + Hardware Systems Architect, Safety & Dependability Expert @ Landis+Gyr, UK + GB member on IEC TC13 WG11/14/15, IEC SC23K WG1, IEC TC47 WG5, IEC SC47E WG8, IEC TC56 WG2/WG4/PT 4.8, IEC SEG8, IEC SEG9 CENELEC TC13 WG01, AFSEC SMC and AFSEC TC13 PT1 + BEAMA member on BSI PEL/13, DS/1, PEL/23, PEL/57, PEL/205, EPL/47, GEL/50, SMG TC
The Recent Rapid Evolution of Safety Thinking Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 2
IEC guide 104 – Basic, Group & Product Safety Stds IEC Standards Management Board (SMB) -> Mandatory adherence by all IEC TC’s IEC Advisory Committee on Safety (ACOS) -> Oversight of all TC safety publications Relevant Basic Safety Publications - IEC 60068 series (48): Environmental testing (TC104) - IEC 60529: Degrees of protection - IP code (TC70) - IEC 60664 series (5): Insulation coordination for LV eqpt (TC109) - IEC 60695 series (36): Fire hazard testing (TC89) - IEC 61508 series (26): Functional safety of systems (SC65A) Relevant Group Safety Publications - IEC 60364 series: Electrical installations – protection (TC64) - IEC 61010 series: Test and measurement equipment (TC66) - IEC 60999-2: Connecting devices (SC121A) Relevant Product Safety Standards - IEC 62052-31: Electricity meter – Product safety req’s (TC13) - IEC 60950-1 & -22: Safety of IT equipment (TC108) - IEC 62368 series (3): Safety of electronic equipment (TC108) - Many others (see table on next slide) Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 3
Decades of international meter safety standards AMI meter lifetime safety 2018 to 2033+ Era’s of safety 1 - Black Box 2 - Type Test 3 - Risk Assess 4 – PEI systems 5 – Funct. safe ~ 40 Standards ~ 3,148 pages Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 4
Beyond Type Testing – Era of OST, ISST and AI/ML ERA 5 ERA 2 AI & ML: System safety, Remote diagnostics, Field stress profile Type Test analysis, Forensic audit trails on one sample ERA 4 In-Service Safety ERA 3 Testing (ISST) Lifetime Assurance Ongoing Safety Tests (OST) Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 5
Manufacturers: Ongoing Safety Testing (OST) Dielectric Tests Heat Rise ORT/ODT Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 6
Every Manufacturers legal “Duty of Care” requires 1. Manufacturers have an obligation under their “ Duty of Care ”, to do what is reasonably practicable to prevent danger; 2. The level of safety of a product, as well as the system, must be judged according to the general knowledge & standards of the times; 3. When there is developing knowledge, Manufacturers must keep reasonably abreast of it, and not be to slow to apply it; 4. When the Manufacturer has greater than average knowledge of the risks, he is obliged to take more than the standard precautions; 5. Compliance with a relevant code of practice or regulatory instrument, may afford a defence to a claim of negligence, but there are significant circumstances where it does not do so. For instance: a. It may be shown that the code of practice or regulatory instrument is compromised because the standards that it requires have been lowered as a result of heavy lobbying by affected parties ; (e.g the EU LVD provides an exemption for electricity meters) b. Because it covers a field in which apathy and fatalism has prevailed; (e.g. where the metering industry has failed to engage the safety of the installed meter, when subjected to a variety of fusing, mounting, environmental and operational misuse conditions) c. Because the regulatory instrument has failed to keep abreast of the latest technology and scientific understanding. (The LVD in Europe is 40 years old and desperately in need of revision. A year long consultation to revise the LVD is underway) 6. Therefore an appropriate risk analysis must be carried out from time to time (annually) …to provide evidence that the Manufacturer has exercised reasonable care and skill, and as to the reasonable foreseeability of the relevant risk(s); 7. Because standards, regulations and best practice continuously evolve, responsible Manufacturers must periodically (re)assess the risk of continued use of their legacy products, and act accordingly under their “ Duty of Care ” when appropriate. The legal principles listed above, were extracted from the UK Crown judgement – Smith vs UKPN, dated 17 Sep 2012 https://www.crownofficechambers.com/2012/09/20/smith-v-ukpn-michael-kent-qc-jack-macaulay-represent-victims-fire-damage-tcc/ Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 7
Dame Judith Hacket – Statements on Grenfell fire This is most definitely not just a question of the specification (of cladding systems or refrigerator backing panel flammability), but of an industry that has not reflected and learned for itself, nor looked to other sectors. The key issues underpinning the system failure include: 1. Ignorance – regulations and guidance are not always read by those who need to, and when they do the guidance is misunderstood and misinterpreted. 2. Indifference – the primary motivation is to do things as quickly and cheaply as possible rather than to deliver quality homes which are safe for people to live in . When concerns are raised, by others involved in building work or by residents, they are often ignored . Some of those undertaking building work fail to prioritise safety, using the ambiguity of regulations and guidance to game the system . 3. Inadequate regulatory oversight and enforcement tools – the size or complexity of a project does not seem to inform the way in which it is overseen by the regulator. Where enforcement is necessary, it is often not pursued. Where it is pursued, the penalties are so small as to be an ineffective deterrent. 4. Lack of clarity on roles and responsibilities – there is ambiguity over where responsibility lies, exacerbated by a level of fragmentation within the industry, and precluding robust ownership of accountability. Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 8
AFSEC TC13 members – Harmonising AMI Std’s MEMBER’S NAME ALTERNATE’S NAME REGION COUNTRY LANGUAGE Roland HILL (chairman) <Don Taylor> n/a n/a English Khaled ZAKY (secretary) Randa REZK North Egypt Arabic Habiballa ELBAGIR Amany IBRAHIM Sudan Arabic Abdoulaye SANOGO Omar BAKAYOKO West Cote d’Ivore French John BATURE Tasiu WUDIL Nigeria English Bukari DANLADI Azeriwie AGALISI Ghana English Souleymane NDIAYE <vacant> Senegal French Alain Konzi MPIANA Clovis MAFUTA Central Dem Rep Congo French Charles NDUNGU <vacant> East Kenya English Casimir NYIRINKINDI Theoneste ISHIMWE Rwanda English Phillip CHINDARA <vacant> Zimbabwe English Ackim ZULU, Dr Joseph MALAMA South Zambia English Gerhard WILSNACH Shawn PAPI South Africa English Jona HAMBATA Rudolf OUSEB Namibia English Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018
Forecasted improvements to IEC 62052-31 (Ed.2) Decade (Era) 1990’s (1) 2000’s (2) 2010’s (3) 2020’s (4) 2030’s (5) Method Black Box Type Test HBRA & RR PEI systems Functional Primary IEC 61010-1 & Guide 116 & JTC1 SC7/25 62052-31 Ed.1 ACOS 116 Ed.3 standards 61010-2-30 62368-1 & 2 62052-31 Ed.2 62368-3 DC effective 2019! Supply voltage < 600 Vac < 1000 Vac & < 1500 Vdc Islanding LVDC select Heat rise 25K or 35K Cls 10, ‘52 -31 BS 7856 Ann.C Hazard assess Dependability Enclosure Foil & Flash Creep & Clear Lifetime, OST V-0 and IP54 Mng’d temp. Disturbances 6kV, OVC IV 4kV, ok in EU! 4kV + MOV’s? OVC IV, global Funct ranges Arc-flash test Required No test req’d! Enedis test Site PSCC’s Add to 52-31 Ed.2 62055-31 62052-31 62054-31? Control switch No switches Control f/w UK=UC1, ZA=UC2 BS 7856:2017, UC3 UC4 to UC6, Iovl=1.45 OCPD co-ord Not req’d None! (Imax=Imax) Coordinated Selected Iovl = 1.45*Imax EU LV safety None Safety guide LVD: 2020 Exempt > DtC Exempt > DtC IEC TC/WG IEC TC66 TC13 WG11 IEC TC108 IEC TC64, TC8 SyC SE/LVDC Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 10
Roland Hill Hardware Systems Architect Roland.Hill@landisgyr.com Thank you for your attention … so your Homework Assignment is; - Review the additional twelve slides - Read the detailed manuscript - Engage your AFSEC TC13 experts - Apply your learnings at your work - Support your National Safety efforts Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018
Arc Fault with low PSCC - Load side fusing hazard Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 12
Example of thermal runaway on mV test results Failure of a SCS having a single pair of contacts is shown opposite. The test was aborted when the mV value reached 0.4 mV (40 W) L+G have evidence of SCS contacts reaching 0.6 mV on a 100A Imax meter. Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 13
Thermal issues – Safety under single fault condition 34W 70W Meter Internal Meter 10W 10W fire ALCS ADPS 1mOhm 1mOhm ignition 24W 60W 100A 6mOhm 100A 6mOhm Thermal damage 100A fuse to EV tail 100A fuse 63A 37A 0A 100A Max Max 63A fuse An ALCS is not designed to withstand this condition Roland Hill | 3 rd African Smart Grid Forum | Sept 2018 14
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