RIC-Tsukuba (Japan) Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

RIC-Tsukuba (Japan) Intercomparison of Thermometer Screens/Shields in 2009 – 2010 AOSHIMA Tadayoshi NAKASHIMA Kouichi KAWAMURA Hiroshi AOSHIMA Tadayoshi, NAKASHIMA Kouichi, KAWAMURA Hiroshi, KUMAMOTO Mariko, SAKAI Takeshi, KAWANO Saeko and JOKO Minoru RIC-Tsukuba, Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) 2 2 9 9 J J u u l l y 2 y , 2 0 0 1 1 0 0

1 .I n t r o d u c t i o n Fig. 2 Climatological normals for Tsukuba rain w w i i n n d d (upper: monthly temperature; lower: precipitation) sunshine [ ℃ ] Temperature Climatological Normals （ Temperature Climatological Normals （ 1971 2000 ） 1971–2000 ） v a r i o u s s c r e e n / s h e l t e r 35 Max 30 Mean 25 Min 20 a c c u r a t e 15 10 m e a s u r e m e n t o f Radiation 5 0 a i r t e m p e r a t u r e ‐ 5 ‐ 10 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Dec. Nov. Dec. [mm] [mm] Precipitation Climatological Normals （ 1971–2000 ） 200 Japan 180 Precipitation Tsukuba ●To aid accurate measurement of 160 140 air temperature, various screens/ 120 100 shields have been designed and shields have been designed and 80 Tokyo 60 used to protect thermometers 40 20 from sunshine, radiation, rain and 0 36 ° 3.4’N wind and so on. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May Jun. Jul. Aug. Sep. Dec. Nov. Dec. 140 ° 7.5’E ・Tsukuba has a temperate rainy climate and high temperatures in summer (Cfa) according to the Köppen-Geiger climate classification. Fig. 1 Location of Tsukuba 2

2 .I n t e r c o m p a r i s o n O v e r v i e w 2 . 1 T y p e o f s c r e e n s / s h i e l d s t e s t e d a n d s e n s o r s Photo. 1 Location of screens/shields in the intercomparison field (north – south side view) ・Reference is JMA-95(A), the screen/shield is used on operational screen/shield is used on operational surface observation. ・This experiment was carried out in summer season, and in winter and E 834 Z1(A) E-834-Z1(A) PFT 02(A) PFT-02(A) PVC-02(A) PVC 02(A) spring season. JS-256(A) TV-150(A) PVC-03(A) DTR503A(N) ・unified platinum resistence thermometer Pt 100Ω（the size is 3mm in diameter）because we wanted to ） evaluate only screens effect. AV-040(N) YG-41003L(N) Intercomparison field ( west – east side view) ( ) JMA-W1(N) 3

2 . 1 T y p e o f s c r e e n s / s h i e l d s t e s t e d a n d s e n s o r s Photo. 2 Pictures of screens/shields (upper: side view; lower: view from underneath) Artificially ventilated screens/shields JMA-95(A) JS-256(A) E-834-Z1(A) TV-150(A) PVC-03(A) PVC-02(A) PFT-02(A) Naturally ventilated screens/shields AV-040(N) YG-41003L(N) DTR503A(N) JMA-W1(N) upper: side view lower: view from underneath 4

3. Results 3.1 Statistical values M a x i m u m 9 5 ％ 7 7 5 5 ％ ％ A v e r a g e 2 5 ％ Fig. 3 Tdev (temperature deviation) of daily temperature (reference: JMA-95(A)) 5 ％ M i n i m u m Capitalize first letter of “Maximum/Average/Minimum” (same rule below for all graph legends). (c) average temperature 6months (a) maximum temperature ( ) p ( ) (b) minimum temperature p Aug. 2009 (summer) Jan. 2010 (winter) (Aug., Dec., Jan., Feb., Mar. and Apr.) Tdev of daily Tmean for 6 months Tdev of daily Tmin Jan. (Winter) Tdev of daily Tmax Aug. (Summer) 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 1 . 6 1 . 6 1 . 6 1 . 2 1 . 2 1 . 2 0 . 8 0 . 8 0 . 8 ℃] ℃] ℃] 0 . 4 0 . 4 0 . 4 [ [ [ v v 0 . 0 0 . 0 v 0 . 0 e e e d d d T - 0 . 4 T - 0 . 4 T - 0 . 4 - 0 . 8 - 0 . 8 - 0 . 8 - 1 . 2 - 1 . 2 - 1 . 2 - 1 . 6 - 1 . 6 - 1 . 6 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 0 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) A A A A A A N N N N A A A A A A N N N N A A A A A A A N N N A A A A A N N N N N ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 6 0 3 2 1 1 2 0 L 6 3 2 1 A 6 1 0 3 2 2 0 1 1 0 2 0 L L A A 5 5 0 0 Z 0 4 3 5 0 0 3 5 Z 5 0 0 0 4 5 0 4 3 W 3 Z 3 3 W W 2 1 - - - - 0 0 2 - - 0 2 - 1 - - - 0 1 - 0 0 - 0 - 0 0 - - - - 4 T - 0 - C C 5 - 4 - T - - - 0 0 4 T 5 C C 5 C C A A A S 3 1 V F V 3 1 S F V 1 S 3 V F V V V R V R V V R V V 8 4 J M 8 4 T 4 M J 8 M P A T J T T P P P A P A T T - - P P P P J - - - - J J D D E D G E E G G Y Y Y Y Y Naturally Artificially Naturally Artificially Naturally Artificially ventilated ventilated ventilated ventilated ventilated ventilated screen/shield screen/shield screen/shield screen/shield screen/shield screen/shield 5

M a x i m u m 9 5 ％ 3 . 2 I n f l u e n c e s o f g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n 7 5 ％ A v e r a g e 2 5 ％ 5 ％ M i n i m u m At A r t i i f f i i c i i a l l l l y v e n t t i i l l a td t e d s c r e e n s /h / s h i i e l l d d Fig. 4 Tdev differences related to global solar radiation depending on each screen/shield, Aug. 2009 b u t n o i n s u l a t o r → p o s i t i v e i n f l u e n c e s 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 5 J S - 2 5 6 ( A ) 3 . 0 3 . 0 P V C - 0 3 ( A ) 3 . 0 3 . 0 P V C - 0 2 ( A ) P F T - 0 2 ( A ) 2 . 5 2 . 5 2 2 . 5 5 2 2 . 5 5 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 0 ℃] ℃] 1 . 0 1 . 0 ℃] ℃] 0 . 5 0 . 5 [ 0 . 5 [ 0 . 5 [ 0 . 0 [ 0 . 0 v v 0 . 0 e 0 . 0 v e v d - 0 . 5 e d - 0 . 5 e d - 0 . 5 T T d - 0 . 5 - 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 T T - 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 - 1 1 . 5 5 - 1 1 . 5 5 - 1 1 . 5 5 - 1 . 5 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 0 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - N a t u r a l l y v e n t i l a t e d s c r e e n s / s h i e l d 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 M M a x t t e m p e r a t t u r e d d i e v i a t t i i o n + + 3 3 . 4 4 ℃ ℃ 1 1 1 1 g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ［ W / ㎡］ g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ［ W / ㎡］ g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ［ W / ㎡］ g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ［ W / ㎡］ 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 5 3 . 0 3 . 0 3 . 0 3 . 0 2 . 5 2 . 5 2 . 5 2 . 5 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 2 . 0 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 5 1 . 0 1 . 0 1 . 0 1 . 0 ℃] ℃] ℃] ℃] 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 5 0 . 5 [ [ [ [ 0 . 0 0 . 0 v 0 . 0 0 . 0 v v v e e e e d - 0 . 5 d - 0 . 5 d - 0 . 5 d - 0 . 5 T T T T - 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 - 1 . 0 - 1 . 5 - 1 . 5 - 1 . 5 - 1 . 5 - 2 2 . 0 0 - 2 2 . 0 0 - 2 2 . 0 0 - 2 2 . 0 0 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 - 2 . 5 Y G - 4 1 0 0 3 L ( N ) D T R 5 0 3 A ( N ) A V - 0 4 0 ( N ) J M A - W 1 ( N ) - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 0 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - 3 . 5 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 g g l l o o b b a a l l s s o o l l a a r r r r a a d d i i a a t t i i o o n n ［ ［ W W / / ㎡］ ㎡］ g l l o b bl l a l s o l a r r a d d i i a t t i ［ i o n ［ W W / / ㎡］ ㎡］ g l l o bl l b a l s o l a r r a d d i i a t t i ［ i o n ［ W W / / ㎡］ ㎡］ g l o b a l s o l a r r a d i a t i o n ［ W / ㎡］ 6