REUSE OF SPENT SHALE: A CRITICAL REVIEW Jaan Habicht Institute of Chemistry, University of Tartu Estonia Golden 2010
Terms • spent shale • reuse • recycle • utilize • use Golden 2010
FUTURE PAST PRESENT Golden 2010
According to prognosis 2015: The same amount of retorted oil shale in next 10 years as we have had during 100 years, mostly SHC process residues 120 million tons (dw), mostly semicoke partly close down old embankments, continue landfilling on the same sites Golden 2010
Kohtla-Järve Narva Kiviõli Golden 2010
Kiviõli semi-coke embankments New landfill “Old hill” “New hill” Golden 2010
Golden 2010 Photo Toomas Volmer
Kiviõli International Hill-Climb 2010 Golden 2010
Kiviõli International Hill-Climb 2010 Golden 2010
Kohtla –Järve semi-coke embankments New landfill Golden 2010
Utilization Golden 2010 Photo Marko Mumm
2001...2004 60 000 tons of semi-coke in cement production 2000... 40 000 tons semi-coke in soil amendment mixtures Golden 2010
Soil amender - fertilizer project Make a soil amender mixing semi-coke and peat Get a “fertilizer” that increases crop production Semi-coke? Alkaline hydrolysis of peat Huminic and fulvic acids Total content of phenolics in the leachate increases Golden 2010
HASPCO project Hybrid Aspen – Carbon dioxide capture project • Make a fertilizer mixing semicoke and pig manure • Plant hybrid aspen • Make the carbon dioxide balance of oil shale processing better Golden 2010
Comparison of semi-coke and SCH retort process residues semi-coke SHC process ash residue Dry matter % (105˚C, 24h) 57-61 (64-67) 80-84 (100) pH of contact water (25˚C) 12,1-12,2 (12,4-12,6) 12,6-12,8 (12,6-12,8) Hexane/ethanol extractable 3-4 (1-5) 0,3-3 ( ˂ 0,5) organics g/kg(Soxlet extraction) Total sulfur (as percentage of 2,4-2,6 (2,8-2,9) 2,1-2,2 (2,2-2,4) dry matter) Sulfide 0,3-0,4 (0,6-0,7) 0,2-0,4 (0,4-1,0) Pyrite sulfur 1,2-1,4 (1,2-1,4) 0,8-0,9 (0,8-1,0) Alkalinity (mmol/kg H + ) 2700-3000 3700-6700 Pyrolytic char 4-6 (6-8) 2-4 (0,5-2 ) Kohtla-Järve and Kiviõli () Golden 2010
Conclusions • There is no real use for retorted oil shale deposited so far • Hopefully SHC process residues can be used • We see problems when landfilling SHC process residues • Enhanced recarbonatization could help Golden 2010
Thank you Golden 2010
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