REPUBLIC OF TURKEY REPUBLIC OF TURKEY MINISTRY OF FORESTRY AND WATER AFFAIRS GENERAL DIRECTORATE OF WATER MANAGEMENT WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT DEPARTMENT Burhan Fuat ÇANKAYA Burhan Fuat ÇANKAYA Director of Surface Water Quality Director of Surface Water Quality Director of Surface Water Quality Director of Surface Water Quality (Forestry and Water Expert) (Forestry and Water Expert) E- -mail : bfcankaya@ormansu.gov.tr mail : bfcankaya@ormansu.gov.tr Tel : +90(312)2076613 Tel : +90(312)2076613 Fax Fax Fax : +90(312)2076446 Fax : +90(312)2076446 : +90(312)2076446 : +90(312)2076446
KEY ISSUES IN KEY ISSUES IN WATER WATER SECTOR SECTOR Statistical, Economic and Social Research and Training Centre for Islamic Countries Higher Council for Environment and Natural Resources “Water Resources Management” 23rd-24th November, 2011 Khartoum Sudan Khartoum,Sudan
Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Separation of Powers Separation of Powers � Legislation Legislation � Judiciary � Judiciary Judiciary Judiciary � Executive Executive - Are powers always separated in a - Are powers always separated in a Are powers always separated in a Are powers always separated in a democracy? democracy? - How to characterize GOVERNANCE: How to characterize GOVERNANCE: - Legislation plus execution??? Legislation plus execution??? Legislation plus execution??? Legislation plus execution???
Governance Governance can be defined as the process of taking care of public interests (of general application) through leading, ruling, planning, controlling and correcting the organizational resources.
Elements/instruments of Governance Elements/instruments of Governance Elements/instruments of Governance Elements/instruments of Governance � Policy development Policy development � Formal legislation Formal legislation g � Secondary legislation Secondary legislation � Decentralized regulation � Decentralized regulation Decentralized regulation Decentralized regulation � Planning Planning � Decision making Decision making � Control: monitoring, policing, sanctioning, Control: monitoring, policing, sanctioning, enforcement enforcement
Policy and Strategy Policy and Strategy Policy and Strategy Policy and Strategy Policy Policy is a is a Strategy Strategy is the is the comprehensive comprehensive p subsequent subsequent subsequent subsequent formulation of : formulation of : comprehensive set of comprehensive set of � Principles � Principles Principles Principles measures often including measures often including measures often including measures often including � Objectives Objectives scenarios for problem scenarios for problem � Targets Targets resolution resolution. . � Aims Aims
Formal (general) legislation is the Formal (general) legislation is the binding arrangement of human binding arrangement of human binding arrangement of human binding arrangement of human behavior aiming at general behavior aiming at general application with repeatable use application with repeatable use following formal constitutional following formal constitutional following formal constitutional following formal constitutional requirements (procedures) requirements (procedures). . Secondary legislation aims at the legal Secondary legislation aims at the legal y y g g g g implementation of formal legislation implementation of formal legislation (procedures are less formal) (procedures are less formal). (p (p ) )
Formal requirements Formal requirements Formal requirements Formal requirements � General application G General application G l l li li ti ti � For repeatable use For repeatable use � Binding Binding � Direct binding to the public Direct binding to the public � Indirect binding as instruction to the Government Indirect binding as instruction to the Government � Formal initiative (cabinet, parliament, both) Formal initiative (cabinet, parliament, both) � Obligatory advise Obligatory advise � Promulgation Promulgation g � Not conflicting higher legal arrangement Not conflicting higher legal arrangement ( (constitution, treaty, international agreement) ( (constitution, treaty, international agreement) , , y, y, g g ) )
Comparison (rough) legislation and Comparison (rough) legislation and regulation regulation � Legislation: Legislation: � Regulation Regulation � Formal procedure Formal procedure � Less formal procedure Less formal procedure � � Parliamentary control Parliamentary control � Multi Multi- -tiered or tiered or � decentralized decentralized � Central level Central level � Implementation or Implementation or � Guidance character Guidance character � operational character operational character • Dealing with Dealing with competencies competencies t t i i � Publication P bli P bli Publication ti ti � • Establishing rights and Establishing rights and duties duties � Promulgation Promulgation
Pl Pl Planning is a continuous and structured Planning i i i is a continuous and structured i ti ti d t d t t t d d process, which involves making process , which involves making decisions decisions or choices about alternative ways of using or choices about alternative ways of using available (water) resources available (water) available (water) resources available (water) resources with the aim of resources with the aim of with the aim of with the aim of achieving particular achieving particular goals goals at some time in at some time in the future the the future the future (Cf Conyers and Hills 1994) future (Cf. Conyers and Hills, 1994). (Cf Conyers and Hills 1994) (Cf. Conyers and Hills, 1994). Plan Plan (government) is a publicly accessible Plan Plan (government) is a publicly accessible (government) is a publicly accessible (government) is a publicly accessible output of any planning activity or output of any planning activity or process process with with general external or internal general external or internal binding l l t t l l i t i t l l bi di bi di binding and with and with d d ith ith a a repeatable repeatable use for the use for the time time horizon given. horizon given.
Types of planning Types of planning Types of planning Types of planning � Strategic planning Strategic planning � Operational planning Operational planning � Informative � Informative Informative Informative � Legally binding � Legally binding Legally binding Legally binding � Indirect binding Indirect binding � Direct binding Direct binding � Long term Long term � Short term Short term � National National at o a at o a � River basin River basin e bas e bas � Top Top- -down down � Bottom Bottom- -up up � Integrated � Integrated Integrated Integrated � Sector � Sector Sector Sector
Process of decision making in organization Process of decision making in organization (theoretical) (theoretical) Policy Mission Mission Strategy Strategy Vision Plan Feed – back Decision making process Monitoring Operations p
Other legal instruments Other legal instruments Other legal instruments Other legal instruments � Designation or zoning Designation or zoning � Comprehensive standards � Comprehensive standards Comprehensive standards Comprehensive standards � System of rights or licenses System of rights or licenses � System of taxes or charges System of taxes or charges � Penalties and incentives � Penalties and incentives Penalties and incentives Penalties and incentives � Other enforcement instruments Other enforcement instruments
Enforcement instruments Enforcement instruments Enforcement instruments Enforcement instruments � Administrative force (adm.) Ad Administrative force (adm.) Ad i i t i i t ti ti f f ( d ( d ) ) � Penal sum, fine, penalty, damages (adm.) Penal sum, fine, penalty, damages (adm.) , , , p , p y, y, g g ( ( ) ) � License withdrawal or withholding (adm.) License withdrawal or withholding (adm.) � Closure (adm. and penal) � Closure (adm and penal) Closure (adm. and penal) Closure (adm and penal) � Punitive actions (penal) Punitive actions (penal) � Imprisonment Imprisonment � Penalties Penalties � Removal of advantage Removal of advantage
Governance of water in the hydrologic cycle Governance of water in the hydrologic cycle Governance of water in the hydrologic cycle Governance of water in the hydrologic cycle
Legitimate water uses Legitimate water uses Legitimate water uses Legitimate water uses � Consumptive: Consumptive: � Non Non- -consumptive: consumptive: � Drinking Drinking � Power Generation Power Generation � � Other Domestic Other Domestic � Transport Transport � � Livestock Livestock � Recreation Recreation � � Irrigation Irrigation � Environment&Nature Environment&Nature � � Industry Industry � Fishery Fishery � � Aquaculture Aquaculture
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