Reducing Extraneous Processing Modality Principle Jan L. Plass, ECT - PDF document

3/29/10 Reducing Extraneous Processing � Modality Principle � Jan L. Plass, ECT � Coherence Principle � Contiguity Principle � Signaling Principle � Club Marian • Maid Marian Extraneous Processing (60 min.) � Working in groups of 4-5, prepare a presentation of one of the extraneous load-reducing principles: � Define the principle and list research supporting it, � Describe the cognitive processes on which the principle is based (use CL Theory to describe how cognitive load is affected), � Find an example of an application or violation of the principle online, � Prepare a 5-min talk in which you demonstrate either the application or violation of the principle by your own materials . � Groups � 1–modality, 2–coherence, 3–contiguity, 4–signaling � 1

3/29/10 Modality Principle � Definition � For animations, narration is more effective than on-screen text � IF it is essential for understanding � Modality Principle � Rationale: off-load information from visual to auditory channel � Research Support � Mayer & Moreno, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 1999, Moreno, Mayer, Spires, & Lester, 2001; Brünken, Steinbacher, Plass, & Leutner, 2002; Brünken, Plass, & Leutner, 2004 (review: Low & Sweller, 2005) � Example � WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise-md.med.nyu.edu/ Modality Principle WISE-MD Modules for Surgery Education (NYU)– http://wise-md.med.nyu.edu/ Coherence Principle � Coherence Principle BBC Science and Nature–http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/ � Coherence Principle � Definition � Exclude rather than include extraneous material in a multimedia presentation � Research Support � Mayer et al., 1996; Harp & Mayer, 1997, 1998; Moreno & Mayer, 2000, Mayer et al., 2001 (Review: Mayer, 2005) � Example � BBC Science and Nature: Human Body & Mind–http://www.bbc.co.uk/science/humanbody/body/ 2

3/29/10 Contiguity Principle (spatial, temporal) � Definition � corresponding information should be presented near one Contiguity Principle � another in time (temporal) and space (spatial contiguity) � Research Support � Mayer, 1989; Sweller et al., 1990; Chandler & Sweller, 1991; Mayer at al., 1995; Tindall-Ford et al., 1997; Moreno & Mayer, 1999 (Review: Mayer, 2005) � Example � Virtual Knee Surgery Site– http://edheads.org/activities/knee/ Contiguity Principle Virtual Knee Surgery Site– http://edheads.org/activities/knee/ Signaling Principle � Signaling Principle Heart - http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html Signaling Principle � Definition � Add cues to highlight the organization of the essential material � Research Support � Harp & Mayer, 1998; Mautone & Mayer, 2001; de Koning, Tabbers, Rikers, & Paas, 2007; Lowe, 2003 (Review: Mayer, 2005) � Example � 3D Brain Anatomy (PBS)– http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/ � Heart - http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/hhw/hhw_pumping.html 3

3/29/10 Signaling Principle 3D Brain Anatomy (PBS)– http://www.pbs.org/wnet/brain/3d/ � Reducing extraneous processing in your project � Working in your project groups, discuss how you can apply extraneous load-reducing principles to your project: � Find an example of an application or violation of the principle in your materials , � Discuss and document how you addressed this issue and reduced extraneous processing through your design � 4