Recent Progress in Recent Progress in Vacuum Photon Detectors Vacuum Photon Detectors at Hamamatsu at Hamamatsu at LIGHT 2011 on Nov.01 2011 2011 at LIGHT 2011 on Nov.01 Hamamatsu Photonics Electron Tube Division Yuji Yoshizawa Electron Tube Division 1
Contents in this talk (1) Contents in this talk (1) R11780 / 12-inch PMT for Neutrino Experiment R11920-100 / 1.5-inch PMT for Gamma-ray Telescope R11919 / 1.5-inch Fast PMT for HEP & Medical Instrument 2
Contents in this talk (2) Contents in this talk (2) 3-inch Metal Bulb PMTs for Dark Matter Experiment R11265 / New Metal Package PMT for HEP & Medical Instrument R10467U / Fast HPD μ -PMT (micro PMT) μ for Microscope for Biomedical 3
Comparison of Dimension between Comparison of Dimension between R11780 (12” ”) and R7081 (10 ) and R7081 (10” ”) ) R11780 (12 12-inch PMT has larger effective area ratio. Diff.=25 mm Diff.=33 mm Φ 280 mm Φ 305 mm Φ 220 mm 12 inch Φ 253 mm R11780 Comparison between 10 inch Round Round R11780 & R7081 R7081 Shape Shape Mushroom Mushroom Effective Area: 1.62 Shape Shape Price: less than 1.5 “Price per unit area” is lower than R7081. Higher Pressure- -resistance resistance Higher Pressure 4
Comparison of Characteristics Comparison of Characteristics R11780 R7081 Items 12-inch PMT 10-inch PMT Diameter 305 mm 253 mm Effective Area 280 mm min. 220 mm min. Effective Area Ratio 84.3% 74.6% Tube Length 385 mm 300 mm Dynodes LF/10-stage LF/10-stage 1.0E+07 1.0E+07 at GAIN at2000V 1500V T.T.S. (FWHM) 2.7 ns 2.9 （ 3.4 ） ns P/V Ratio 3.0 2.5 （ 2.8 ） Dark Counts 10,000 cps 7,000 cps 5
R11780 QE Improvement R11780 QE Improvement R11780 QE Transition 35 30 QE at 380 nm [%] 25 20 High QE Trials 15 Standard 10 Low QE was observed at the beginning of trial production. 5 Improvement effort was made from Apr.2011. We called it High QE trials. As a result, QE becomes better. 0 0 10 20 30 40 R11780 is available. Serial Number 6
R11920- -100 / 1.5 100 / 1.5- -inch PMT inch PMT R11920 R11920-100 CC window Gamma-ray Telescope PMT Camera Mirror PMT Camera (Magic) from CTA group 7
Comparison of AP/NOISE NOISE Comparison of AP/ Gain = 5E+04 AP/NOISE for R11920 & R9420 SBA type 1.0E+06 PMT Voltage AP/Noise R9420 850V 0.20 % 1.0E+05 R11920 902V 0.013 % 1/15 Output Counts 1.0E+04 AP/NOISE [%] = Count-A / Count-B x 100 Count-A : Output counts higher than 4 p.e. Count-B : Output counts higher than 1/3 p.e. 1.0E+03 (Count-B is adjusted to about 25k cps.) 1.0E+02 1.0E+01 1.0E+00 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 B A Photoelectron [ p.e. ] 8
2. Optimaization of PMT Optimazation of Divider Ratio Divider Ratio Optimazation of Window Curvature and K-DY1 voltage are important factor to determine the CE and TTS/Time Response of PMT/R11920. Window Curvature of R20 was selected. Next is divider ratio. Simulation K-DY1 Measurement WL=400nm, 30 mm in dia. Divider Ratio (DR) Voltage Mark Applied CE (%) TTS (ns) AP/NOISE (V) Voltage 300 A 92.8 1.6 100 100 V-1-2-1-1-1-1-2-1 350 B 94.6 1.5 105 104 1 400 C 95.5 1.4 110 108 300 D 96.0 1.7 114 99 V-2-2-1-1-1-1-2-1 2 400 E 99.0 1.6 125 108 Monte Carlo Simulation AP/NOISE : DR-1 is better. Wavelength: 400 nm CE : B is better but…A should be OK. (discussion is necessary) 9
R11919 / / 1 1. .5 5- -inch inch FAST FAST PM PMT T R11919 Fast Time Response with Acceleration electrode for TOF-PET (next generation) and HEP experiments Transit Time Spread = around 270 ps (R9420 = 550 ps, R11194 = 400 ps) Gain = 1E+06 (Gain is adjustable by request) Cathode Blue Sensitivity = 11 (SBA type could be available in future) 10
Fast Time Response PMT Series Fast Time Response PMT Series Applications: R9779 (2”) TOF-PET and HEP Experiments TTS: 250 ps Rise: 1.8 ns at 1500V R9800 (1”) < Concept > R11919 (1.5”) TTS: 270 ps Simple Structure Rise: 1.0 ns TTS: 270 ps For Low Cost and at 1300V Rise: 1.7 ns Mass Production All tubes are available. at 1500V 11
3- -inch Metal Bulb PMTs inch Metal Bulb PMTs 3 for Dark Matter Experiments for Dark Matter Experiments 3-inch Metal Bulb PMT (R11065 / R11410) Kovar Metal 2 Phase Liq.Xe detector < Prime Features > LT-Bialkali for Low Temp. Kovar Metal and Quartz window are used to reduce High QE, LOW RI (100mBq) RI as much as possible. R11065 for Liq.Ar (-186 ℃ ) R11410 for Liq.Xe (-110 ℃ ) Quartz Window with LT-Bialkali 12
Difference of QE Curves Difference of QE Curves Spectral response is tuned depending on its application. R11065 & R11410 Spectral Response Characteristics 35 175nm 420nm R11065 for Liq.Ar (420nm) Quantum Efficiency [ % ] R11065 Catalog 30 R11410 Catalog R11410 for Liq.Xe (175nm) 25 20 15 Characteristics Box & Line 12-stage 10 Gain: 5E+06 at 1500V Rise Time: 5.5 ns 5 0 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600 650 700 750 Wavelength [ nm ] 13
Further Reduction of RI Further Reduction of RI Kovar Leads Ceramic Stem Glass Stem R11410-10 R11410 Estimated RI Estimated RI 10~30 mBq/PMT 70~100 mBq/PMT Both tubes are available. Kovar metal contains 60Co of about 2.4 mBq/PMT. Alternative metal can reduce it to 0.4 mBq/PMT. 14
Metal Package PMTs with MCD Metal Package PMTs with MCD Metal Channel Dynodes Micro processing technology R9880 (TO-8) <Cross-section> R7600 (1” square) Array of Linear Prime Features Focused Dynode Compact, Fast Time Response 1mm Position Sensitive Immunity to magnetic field 1mm 15
R11265 / New Metal Package PMT R11265 / New Metal Package PMT New R8900 R7600 R11265 34 27 23 Total Tubbe Length (mm) 23.5 18 23 Effective Area (mm x mm) 90 75 80 Collection Efficiency (%) * 1.8 1.4 1.3 Rise Time (ns) 0.27 0.80 0.35 Transit Time Spread (ns) BA, SBA BA, SBA, UBA BA, SBA, UBA Available Photocathode * CE values are based on our simulation data. Focusing Proximity 23 mm 34 mm Type Proximity Type Type Single anode M16(4x4) R8900 R7600 R11265 M64(8x8) 16
R10467U / HPD with Fast Time Response R10467U / HPD with Fast Time Response R10467U- R10467U -06 06 (Bialkali : 6mm in dia.) (Bialkali : 6mm in dia.) R10467U- -40 40 R10467U (GaAsP : 3mm in dia.) (GaAsP : 3mm in dia.) R10467U- -50 50 R10467U (GaAs GaAs : 3mm in dia.) ( : 3mm in dia.) R10467U-06 (Assembly Type) 32 mm in length 33 mm in diameter 17
R10467U- -06 Time Response 06 Time Response R10467U Rise = 400 ps 3mm : 36 ps Fall = 400 ps 1mm : 34 ps Full : 50 ps Jitter of Light Source and Readout are included Applications: Microscope, HEP, Biomedical 18
Dimensional Outline of μ -PMT PMT Dimensional Outline of μ - The world’ ’s tiniest, thinnest, and lightest PMT ! s tiniest, thinnest, and lightest PMT ! The world Cathode Cathode 1 0 m m 13mm Signal 2mm Amplification 3 Layers 3 Layers Glass Glass Anode Anode Silicon Silicon Glass Glass Prototype 19
Summary Summary Hamamatsu developed following products, which are available right now. 1) 12-inch PMT / R11780 2) 1.5-inch PMT / R11920-100 3) Fast 1.5-inch PMT / R11919 4) 3-inch Metal Bulb PMT / R11410 & R11065 5) New Metal Package PMT / R11265 6) Fast HPD / R10467 series 7) The μ -PMT is still at developement stage. Its sample could be available next spring (2012). 20
Thank you for your attention !! Thank you for your attention !! www.hamamatsu.com 21
Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Hamamatsu Photonics K.K. Solid Sate Division Electron Tube Division Solid Sate Division Electron Tube Division Laser Group Laser Group Systems Division Systems Division Research Laboratories Laboratories Research Europe JAPAN China Subsidiary USA (Subsidiaries) (Subsidiaries) Southeast (Representatives) Asia Established : Sept.29.1953 ¥80/$ Net Sales : (FY 2011) Yen 100B ($1.25B / €900M) ¥110/€ Employees : 4,000 (Group) (As of Sept.2011) 22
Picture of ETD (bird’ ’s s- -eye view) eye view) Picture of ETD (bird MCP PMT Cafeteria Module X-ray General I mage PMT Sensor Sales, Module, General PMT Lamp Scintillator SD
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