RE RESEARCH ETHICS CS FOR PHY R PHYSICI CISTS UNIV OF LUXEMBOURG COLLOQUIUM KATRINA A. BRAMSTEDT, PHD LUXEMBOURG AGENCY FOR RESEARCH INTEGRITY 13 MARCH 2019
Voluntary, anonymous e-polling using smartphone, iPad, laptop
LARI MISSION & STRATEGY • To promote responsible conduct of research ; HOW? Education, Coaching, Consultation, Investigations • To ensure an independent inquiry and investigation in cases of alleged scientific misconduct. HOW? Commission for Research Integrity (CRI), reporting hotline, transparent procedures 19/03/2019 3
LARI WEBSITE, , , Website : https://lari.lu/ LARI policies, procedures, staff bios, Coach list/bios, training calendar, live Twitter feed, resources/links, archived newsletters, LARI reports, etc. Twitter : https://twitter.com/LARIluxembourg tweets about LARI seminars, hot items in news/journals, etc. Follow us! LinkedIn : https://www.linkedin.com/company/luxembourg-agency-for-research-integrity/ LARI profile 19/03/2019 4 Newsletter ( Compass ): https://lari.lu/best-practice-useful-links/lari-newsletter/
14 FAQ re LARI and the CRI 19/03/2019 5 https://lari.lu/about/about-lari/
WHO IS LARI? HTTPS://LARI.LU/ABOUT/WHO-IS-LARI/ Secretary LARI Commission for LARI General Research Integrity (CRI) Coaches 19/03/2019 6
SECRETARY GENERAL • Bioethicist with 18yrs experience in research ethics* • Former REC Chair, univ disciplinary board member, medical ethics program leader at 2 med schools, journal assoc editor, NIH research center bioethicist, author 100+ peer-reviewed papers. • Lead organization • Organize and teach workshops/seminars • Train LARI Coaches • Provide research ethics/integrity consults • Work with CRI Chair to screen/assess misconduct allegations • Assist organizations with media relations (they must speak for themselves regarding their own cases of misconduct—they own them) • Manage registry of consults and cases 19/03/2019 7 *www.AskTheEthicist.com
Educational Videos: fun, short, shareable Click to add text Click to add text Click to add text Click to add text Click to add text
RESEAR ARCH E ETHI HICS C CONS NSULTATION HTTPS://LARI.LU/LARI-SERVICES/BIOETHICS-CONSULTATION/ A service to researchers to identify, analyse and resolve ethical dilemmas in research settings. 19/03/2019 9
LARI C COA OACH https://t.co/YX6izlACCc YouTube video A coach/coachman gets someone from point A to point B (safely) • The Coach is a LARI-trained researcher who assists peers at their institute/dept • with the ethical issues of study design, conduct, and data reporting. This is proactive mentoring. Coaches do NOT replace the research supervisor. • 19/03/2019 10 http://www.swindonviewpoint.com/sites/default/files/1-103b-1%20Victoria%20Road%20The%20Brow%20Mr%20G%20Rushen%20Coachman%201900-7.jpg
LARI COACHES: WHERE? 19/03/2019 11
LARI RI COMMISSION F FOR R R RESEARCH H INTEGRITY ( (CRI RI) HTTPS://LARI.LU/BEST-PRACTICE-USEFUL-LINKS/INVESTIGATIONS-CRI-RULES-OF-PROCEDURE/ International team (3 form a quorum) who investigate allegations of misconduct Daniele Fanelli – Fellow in Quantitative Methodology, Department of Methodology, London • School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom Mylène Deschenes – Directrice des affaires éthiques et juridiques au Fonds de recherche du • Québec, Canada Vedran Katavić – Associate Professor of Human Anatomy, University of Zagreb, School of • Medicine, Croatia; Ethics expert at the European Commission, Belgium Torkild Vinther – Former Director, The National Commission for the Investigation of Research • Misconduct, Norway 5 th member pending – physician, ethicist/research ethics, Germany. • 19/03/2019 12 *none in Luxembourg
24 FAQ re human and animal research ethics/integrity https://lari.lu/best-practice-useful-links/research-ethics-faq/ 19/03/2019 13
WHY DOES MISCONDUCT HAPPEN? Sometimes, researchers do not know they are committing misconduct (e.g., fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, deception). Other times, they do… My boss is pushing me too hard Nobody will ever find out 19/03/2019 14 Sutherland, Edwin H. and Cressey, Donald. Principles of Criminology. 11th ed. Lanham, Md.: AltaMira Press, 1992. ISBN 0-930390-69-5; http://www.organizingcreativity.com/2014/08/using-the-fraud-triangle-to-explain-scientific-misconduct/
ETHICS & PHYSICS: C CONNECT CTIONS “Ethics m must b be integrated r righ ght f from the start t wh when t technologies a are d developed, a and n not c come in t the e end.” ” T. T. MAGNI NIN, P PHYSICIS IST & R & RECTOR, CATHOL OLIC U UNIV O V OF L LYON ON
WHAT HAPPENS WHEN YOU MIX: FLAWED STEEL FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURES FLUID DYNAMICS 2 MILLION GALLONS OF FAST MOVING MOLASSES 3.5X
Storage tank walls too thin Improper mix of metals in tank composition (too little manganese; tank brittle in cold weather.) Flawed rivet design Tank leaks that were evident were disregarded 1919, Boston: 21 people died, 150 injured https://www.history.com/news/great-molasses-flood-science “It’s an ethical issue, rather than understanding the science.” M. Rossow, civil engineer, professor
DUAL U L USE E TECHNO NOLOG OGY…A CASE F E FROM M MATER ERIALS LS SCIEN ENCES • Nanosilver coatings • Great for medical products such as burn gel, bedrails, bed linens, gowns… • Applying these coatings in the ‘wrong settings/products’ [odor control of socks?] is potential misuse, leading to overuse that threatens microbial Silver nanoparticles [dots] are used in germ-killing wound biodiversity. dressings. ZEISS Microscopy/Flickr (CC-BY-NC-ND 2.0) https://www.sciencenewsforstudents.org/article/nanosilver- naughty-or-nice
TECHNOLOGY: P : PRIVACY Y ISSU SSUES • Radar, Gestures, Control of Smart Devices – the Soli project • Does the technology recognize Image: Google the person making the gesture? Who can access what ? Lien J et al. Soli: Ubiquitous gesture sensing with millimeter wave radar. ACM Transactions on Graphics (TOG) 2016;35(4): article 142. DOI: http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/9999997.9999999
PHY HYSI SICS, NAM AMING R RIGHTS, S, A AUTH UTHORSHIP
VOTING THE NAME CHANGE (2018): HUBBLE LAW OR THE HUBBLE-LEMAÎTRE LAW? In 1927, Lemaître published a paper on the expansion of the universe in a rare Belgian journal, in French (reducing its access at the time by the astronomy community.) The findings published by Hubble in 1929 were most likely influenced by the work of Lemaître. International Astronomical Union (IAU) members were asked to vote on the name change: 4060 voted; 78% approved to change the name. http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/crux/2018/08/31/hubble-lemaitre-law-big-bang-name/#.XEW-UM0naUk https://www.iau.org/news/pressreleases/detail/iau1812/
Gabrielle Émilie Le Tonnelier de Breteuil, Marquise du Châtelet; 1706-1749 French physicist and mathematician
AUTHORSHIP: THE GOLD STANDARD Substantial contributions to the conception or design of the work; or • the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data for the work; AND Drafting the work or revising it critically for important intellectual • content; AND Final approval of the version to be published; AND • Agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work in ensuring • that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved. http://www.icmje.org/recommendations/browse/roles-and-responsibilities/defining-the-role-of-authors-and-contributors.html
WHO FOLLOWS THIS RULE? Univ of Luxembourg! It’s their gold standard. • Thousands of journals, including: • BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING EXPRESS • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND THEORETICAL PHYSICS • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RADIATION ONCOLOGY - BIOLOGY – PHYSICS • JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL PHYSICS AND ENGINEERING • PARTICLE PHYSICS INSIGHTS • ASIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIAL RESEARCH • BIOMATERIALS AND TISSUE TECHNOLOGY (BTT) • GLOBAL JOURNAL OF BIOTECHNOLOGY AND BIOMATERIAL SCIENCE • INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NANOMATERIALS, NANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE • JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS • JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY • JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS • JOURNAL OF NANOSCIENCE WITH ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY • JOURNAL OF NANOTECHNOLOGY AND MATERIALS SCIENCE • MATERIAL SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING WITH ADVANCED RESEARCH • RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT IN MATERIAL SCIENCE •
REAL AUTHORSHIP? REAL DATA? German physicist at Bell Labs/Lucent • Authored 1 paper every 8 days • Claimed major discoveries • Won numerous physics awards • His work could not be replicated • Data simply duplicated Image: AP • Kept no lab notebooks • Deleted all data from his computer • Fired from his job • PhD revoked [‘unworthy to hold a doctorate’] WHY DID HE DO IT? He wanted his data to appear more convincing Image: St. Martin's Griffin
LARI’S AUTHORSHIP ADVICE – 2MIN SUMMARY
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