Quantum Key Distribution - what is it and why should you care? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Quantum Key Distribution - what is it and why should you care? Thomas Walther Laser and Quantum Optics TU Darmstadt September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 1

Physics in 1900 Classical Mechanics Translation, Rotation, Pendulum, Planetary Motion, Gravity, Newton, Kepler, Copernikus, Galilei, … Newton Boltzmann Kinetic Gas Theory Explanation of Heat with Elements of Classical Mechanics Electric and Magnetic Phenomena Electric Fields, Magnetic Fields, Current, Charge, Induction Faraday Maxwell Faraday, Maxwell, Hertz, Gauss, Ampere, Volta u.a. September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 2

Physics in 1900 § General opinion § Basic theories known § Only few missing pieces § more experiments will fill voids Blackbody Radiation September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 3

Historical Overview Year Theory Experiment 1885 Balmer Series 1900 Quantization Hypothesis (Planck) 1902 Experiments Photo effect (Lenard) 1905 Photo effect (Einstein) 1909 Single Photon Experiments (Taylor) 1911 Cloud chamber 1913 Atomic modell (Bohr) 1914 Franck-Hertz Experiment 1916 Atomic model (Sommerfeld) 1921 Stern-Gerlach Experiment 1922 Compton effect 1924 Wave character of matter (deBroglie) 1925 Spin, Formulations of QM by Schrödinger, Heisenberg, Dirac 1926 Schrödinger Equation Electron interference 1935 Entanglement, Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen-Paradox Discovery of the Neutron September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 4

Quantum Physics: Interaction of Light with Atoms (Einstein 1917) Absorption Spontaneous Emission Stimulated A. Einstein, Physikalische Zeitschrift 18 , 121-128 (1917) September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 5

16. May 1960 - the first laser Theodore Maiman Inventor of the Ruby Laser (1960) September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 6

Lasers Today Diode laser Dye laser Ti:Sapphire Laser VCSEL NIF, Livermore, California September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 7

Ubiquity of the Laser Material Processing Sources: Wikimedia, NASA, Spiegel, Alsglobal Medicine Astronomy Communication Sensing Microscopy APOD, April 18, 2014 September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 8

Other Technical Developments based on QM knowledge (Examples) Scanning Tunneling Semiconductors CCD/CMOS Transistor Microscope and Devices Sources: Wikimedia, bgr.com CD-ROM MRI Ferromagnetism and Ferrofluids Superconductivity September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 9

Basics of Quantum Mechanics § Many parameters are quantized § photons, energy states, angular momentum, spin § Measurement influences system § eigenstate of an measurement § Probabilistic Interpretation (!) § Results of measurements cannot be predicted, only probabilities for outcomes § Uncertainty relation § Non-commuting operators cannot be simultaneously measured with arbitrarily high accuracy § Complementarity: Wave-Particle Duality § Unknown Quantum States cannot be copied (No-Cloning Theorem) September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 10

⇒ ⇒ How do we know it’s correct? Experiments Wave-Particle Duality Double Slit Experiment Source: www.insidescience.org Superposition Schrödinger's Cat ⇒ Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen Paradox Entanglement (Bell Inequalities) September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 11

Historical Overview - why did it take so long? Year Theory Experiment 1935 Reality, Locality, Entanglement 1960 Invention of the Laser 1964 Bell's Inequality 1972 First Bell-Experiment 1975 Cooling of Ions 1982 Simulation of Quantum Systems No-Cloning Theorem 1983 Laser Cooling of Atoms 1984 BB84-Protocol (Complementarity) 1985 1st Quantum Algorithm One-Atom Maser 1989 GHZ States 1991 Ekert-Protocol (Entanglement) 1993 Quantum-Teleportation (Entanglement) Quantum Cryptography 1994 Shors Factorization Algorithm 1995 Quantum Computer (Cirac, Zoller) Bose-Einstein-Condensation Entangled Photons, Quantum Logic with Ions 1996 Grovers Quantum Algorithm Entangled States (Ions and QED) Error correcting quantum codes 1997 Quantum Teleportation September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 12 2001 Quantum Computer (7-bit, Factorisation of 15)

Year Theory Experiment 1935 Reality, Locality, Entanglement Historical Overview - why did it take so long? 1960 Invention of the Laser 1964 Bell's Inequality 1972 First Bell-Experiment 1975 Cooling of Ions 1982 Simulation of Quantum Systems No-Cloning Theorem 1983 Laser Cooling of Atoms 1984 BB84-Protocol (Complementarity) 1985 1st Quantum Algorithm One-Atom Maser 1989 GHZ States 1991 Ekert-Protocol (Entanglement) 1993 Quantum-Teleportation (Entanglement) Quantum Cryptography 1994 Shors Factorization Algorithm 1995 Quantum Computer (Cirac, Zoller) Bose-Einstein-Condensation Entangled Photons, Quantum Logic with Ions 1996 Grovers Quantum Algorithm Entangled States (Ions and QED) Error correcting quantum codes 1997 Quantum Teleportation 2001 Quantum Computer (7-bit, Factorisation of 15) 2015 Definitive Test of Bell inequalities September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 12

... back to the future (actually today) Quantum Information Processing Quantum Communication Quantum Teleportation Quantum Computing Quantum Key Distribution September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 13

... back to the future (actually today) Quantum Information Processing Quantum Computing Quantum Key Distribution ? Basic Ingredients: Superposition + Entanglement + Interference + No-Cloning September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 14

What, if we find a different theory? Quantum Mechanics and its predictions must be a part of it. Just like Newtonian mechanics is part of the theory of special relativity in the limit of small velocities. September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 15

Quantum Key Distribution Cryptography asymmetric key symmetric key Bob Alice Information theoretical Security: Vernam One-Time-Pad Alice Bob random one time use Quantum Channel length of message Security proofs exist for most protocols N. Gisin, G. Ribordy, W. Tittel and H. Zbinden, Rev. Mod. Phys 74 (2002) 145 September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | � 16

Quantum Key Distribution - what is it and why should you care? - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Quantum Key Distribution - what is it and why should you care? Thomas Walther Laser and Quantum Optics TU Darmstadt September 2019 | Thomas Walther | Laser and Quantum Optics | TU Darmstadt | 1 Physics in 1900 Classical Mechanics

New developments in the quantum ESPRESSO software distribution for quantum simulations at the

Tutorial: Security of quantum key distribution: approach from complementarity Univ. of Tokyo

Semi-Quantum Key Distribution with Limited Measurement Capabilities Walter O. Krawec Computer

distribution and beyond Eleni Diamanti LIP6, CNRS, Sorbonne Universit Paris Centre for Quantum

A 2-categorical Analysis of Complementary Families and Quantum Key Distribution Krzysztof Bar 1

Device Independent Quantum Key Distribution using Three-Party Pseudo-Telepathy Jyotirmoy Basak,

Quantum Cryptography Mris Ozols University of Cambridge Overview What are quantum

Security proof of practical quantum key distribution with detection-efficiency mismatch Yanbao

Experimental Twin-Field Quantum Key Distribution Through Sending-or-Not-Sending Yang Liu Jinan

Generalized Approach for Analysing Quantum Key Distribution Experiments Arpita Maitra and Suvra

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Prashanta Kharel Applied Physics Seminar November 2012 Friday,

Quantum Lecture 11 The classical wiretap channel The quantum wiretap channel Quantum

Distribution testing in the 21 1/2 th century Ryan ODonnell Carnegie Mellon University based

Quantum Cryptography Lecture 28 Quantum Cryptography Quantum Cryptography Quantum information:

Spontaneous quantum measurement of mass distribution: DP and CSL models Lajos Disi Wigner

Quantum Computing in Cryptography MATH318/CPSC418 April 15, 2020 Topics: 1. Qubits: why

David Elkouss Towards long distance quantum communications Where are we? State of the art with

From quantum hardware to quantum AI School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering University

Fast and simple qubit-based synchronization for quantum key distribution merged with Simple and

Quantum Weirdness Part 6 Quantum Weirdness in Materials Quantum Cryptography Quantum

1. Normal distribution 2. Geometric distribution 3. Binomial distribution 4.

Cryptography for the quantum internet Elements of a quantum TLS Christian Majenz

Quantum Cryptography 1. Fake Quantum Theory. 2. Simple Quantum Protocols. 3. More Fake Quantum

Quantum Computation (Lecture QC-3: Quantum Algorithms) Lu s Soares Barbosa MFES -