Psychology 101 Coupling between action and perception Action for - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Master Informatique - Université Paris-Sud Action-perception coupling « Classical » psychology (cognitivist approach) Perception <=> Cognition <=> Action Psychology 101 Coupling between action and perception Action for perception Action – Perception – Cognition Move head to perceive depth Michel Beaudouin-Lafon Manipulate object to perceive its shape Université Paris-Sud Perception for action mbl@lri.fr Adjust arm and hand motion to grasp an object Ecological theory of perception - J.J. Gibson Sight Co-evolution between the animal Visual field is about 180º and its environment Focus of attention Direct perception Visual acuity: 0.04mm at 50cm « Information pick up » Visual perception Peripheral perception Perception of optical flow Less sensitive to colors, Extract invariants More sensitive to motion Example : Perception of color, motion, depth direction of motion = fixed point in the optical flow (c) 2011, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon mbl@lri.fr 1

Master Informatique - Université Paris-Sud Held & Hein (1963) Kitten Carousel Depth illusion: Ames room The role of experience in perceptual-motor devlopment Self-produced movement and concurrent visual feedback are essential for the development of visually guided behavior Hearing Auditory illusion: Sheppard-Risset tones Very large sensitivity range A sound that (seems to) always go down Hearing without listening Audio equivalent to Escher ’ s stairs or fountain « Cocktail-party » effect Masking effects Distance between sources Distance between peak frequences Localizing a source Correlation with visual localisation (c) 2011, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon mbl@lri.fr 2

Master Informatique - Université Paris-Sud Touch Motor system Touch: 6 types of sensors Controlling a gesture: target pointing Hot, Cold, Pain Fitts’ law Pressure, Touch (2 sensitivities) MT = a + b log(1 + D / W ) MT, movement time D , distance to target Proprioception W , width of target Configuration of one’s body in space, a , b , empirically determined constants used to perceive, e.g., the shape of an object Bi-manual control ( Guiard ) Kinesthesia Non dominant hand: sets the context Tension of one’s muscles, Dominant hand: acts within that context used to assess the weight or resistance of an object Memory and learning Different types of memory Short-term memory Working memory Low capacity (7 ± 2) Short-lived (10-30s) Long-term memory Infinite capacity Unlimited duration Associative access Repetition reinforces memory and learning http://www.human-memory.net/types.html (c) 2011, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon mbl@lri.fr 3

Master Informatique - Université Paris-Sud Action theory - Don Norman Plans and Situated Action (Suchman) Goal Humans do not always act according to a pre-made plan Action is situated Intention Evaluation The plan is revised / adapted according to the local situation Evaluation Execution distance distance Spec. actions Interpretation Example: empty printer - add paper - print to another printer Execution Perception - give up printing System Problem solving Strategies in case of error current state continue undo starting state goal repair expected state Mental models Mental representations that help us reason and solve problems (c) 2011, Michel Beaudouin-Lafon mbl@lri.fr 4