Prof. M. P. Yadav Ex-Director and Vice Chancellor, IVRI Deemed University, Izatnagar Ex-Vice Chancellor, SVP University of Agriculture & Technology, Meerut
Indian Agriculture: Some Facts � > 17% of the world ’ s human and 12% livestock population � 2.3% of the world ’ s land � 4.2% of the global water � 142 ± 2 m ha cultivated land of which only 60 m ha is irrigated � 137% cropping intensity � Land, water and biodiversity is fast shrinking. � 52% of population, particularly rural, earns its livelihood from agriculture of which the contribution of LS is fast increasing
Livestock (LS) Plays Important Role in � Food & Nutritional Security � Sustainable Agriculture � Organic Farming and NRM � Inclusive growth & gender equity � Rural development
LS Sector (Inclusive of Poultry & Fishery) � Support overall agricultural growth � Enhance National GDP/GVA & Economy � Provide social security & cultural heritage � Serve as moving bank for farmers � More resilient to climatic shocks Contd.
Contd. � Source of employment to 70% of rural people � Contribute about 40% of agricultural GDP globally � 50% or more in mountainous, arid/semi-arid regions � Serve as cushion to sustain agricultural GDP � Growth in LS sector was more 1.6% more than crop sector in 1990s and 2000s � Contribute 4-5% to National GDP and about 28% to agricultural GDP
Protein Requirement in Human Diet � 60 Gram Per Person Per Day � From Livestock Origin: 25 gram/Person/Day � Availability is about half only � Calls for doubling the production of milk, egg, meat and fish
Milk is largest agricultural commodity in India � Produced 146.3 MT in 2014-15, 155.5 MT in 2015-16, 163.74 MT in 2016-17 � Contributed 20.4% in value term to agriculture as a whole in 2014-15 � It valued more than the value of all cereal & pulse crops combined � LS production was found to be more stable than crop production (1980-81 to 2009-10)
Livestock for sustainable agriculture � Livestock is best Supplementary/Complementary enterprise � Waste of one sector is used as Input by the other sector � Low input output-based Animal Husbandry has sustained since centuries � No suicides by Farmers keeping livestock � LS, Poultry, Fishery & Horticulture best options for sustainable agricultural growth
Livestock for Inclusive Growth � Rural Urban Disparity in Incomes � Livestock Distribution is more Egalitarian than Land Distribution � 80% of Farming Families own 75% of Livestock Resources � Livestock contribute nearly half of the income of small holders and land less farmers � Reduction in Rural Poverty is more responsive to growth in LS Sector than in Crop Sector � Livestock growth is Pro poor � About 70% of total workers engaged in Livestock are women
Agricultural Revolutions in Post-Independence India � Green Revolution (Wheat and Rice) � White Revolution (Milk) � Blue Revolution (Fish) � Pink Revolution (Meat & Pulses) � Role played by Technology, Innovation,, Policy Support, Political will � Lessons Learnt (negative effect on Natural Resources) � Stagnation of growth and net gains � Need for Second Green Revolution/Ever Green Revolution
Diversification in Agriculture � Is the need of the hour for sustainable agriculture � In Farming System Mode with Livestock component, viz � Dairy, Piggery, Goatery, Poultry, Duckery, Fishery � Region and site specific combinations of cereal crops, pulses, vegetables, mushroom etc
Livestock and Climate Change � Agriculture contributes 18% green House Gases (GHGs) � Major part is from methane produced by Ruminants � GHGs Mitigation and Production- Balanced Sheet � Biotechnology & Defauntation � Innovative Feeding Practices to reduce Methane � Condensed Tannins and Saponins � Essential Oils � Tree Leaves � By Pass Protein
Livestock Population and Production According to the 19th Livestock census (2012), the total livestock population of India is 512.05 million besides about 729.2 million poultry. Out of this population, large ruminants account for 58.56% (299.9 million) while small ruminant constitute around 39.1% (200.22 million) of the total livestock population. Pigs number 10.29 million, camels 0.40 million, equines 1.13million, dogs 11.67 million, mithun 0.29 million, yaks 0.07 million, rabbits 0.592 million and elephants 0.002 million. Livestock production and crop production are intrinsically linked, each being dependent on the other, and both are crucial for overall food and nutritional security in addition to providing employment and incomes to small and marginal farmers and landless laborers. According to estimates of the Central Statistics Office (CSO), the value of output from livestock sector at current prices is about INR 5,91,691 crore (2015-16), which is about 28.5% of the value of output from agricultural and allied sectors. This does not include draught animal power, dung and meat fully and their inclusion would raise the contribution of livestock above 40 %.
Milk Production in India from 1950-51 to 2016-17 180 146 155.5 163.74 160 140 128.4 134 140 Million Ton Milk 120 100 80.69 80 53.9 60 31.6 40 22 20 17 20 0
Milk Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (1985-86 to 2015-16)
Top Milk Producing Countries (% of total Global Production) Growth rate in 2016-17 was 9.6% India surpasses USA in 1998 to become the world largest milk producer
Dairying: The Major Food Enterprise � In 1964-65 rice production was 39.3 mmt which increased to 106 mmt in the year 2016-17 � The corresponding increase in milk production was from 17 mmt to 163.74 mmt. � Milk group has the highest contribution to the livestock output (70-73%) � In 2014-15, the value of milk and milk products was more than sum of value of wheat, rice, pulses and all other cereals.
Meat Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (2005-06 to 2015-16)
Egg Production and Corresponding Growth Rate (1985-86 to 2015-16)
Marginal Small Medium Large 4% 9% 17% 70% % of total households Farm size in Indian Agriculture
CONTRIBUTION OF DIFFERENT COMMODITIES IN AGRICULTURAL GDP 25.00 20.14 2014-15 18.35 20.00 16.81 15.00 10.00 6.26 5.53 5.15 3.93 5.00 2.97 2.96 0.00
Contribution Of Different Commodities In Agricultural GDP 30.00 25.08 1999-2000 25.00 20.00 16.48 16.15 15.00 10.00 5.35 4.58 4.10 4.17 3.40 2.89 5.00 0.00
Hidden Hunger and Malnutrition in India � Despite rapid economic growth, 1/4 th of world ’ s hungry and poor have their home in India � More than 70% Indian population consume less than 50% of the RDA of micronutrient � 6000 children die annually due to malnutrition or lack of micronutrients in diet � 80% women of reproductive age are suffering with Fe deficiency anemia � 57% women and children are suffering with vitamin A deficiency, although blindness due to vitamin A deficiency has been eliminated � Iodine deficiency disorder continue to be public health problem, though prevalence of goiter has been reduced
Average Consumption of Micronutrients (%age of RDA) 100% Rural Urban 90% 90% 83% 80% 70% 65% 60% 58% 56% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Zinc Vitamin A Iron More than 100 million children under 5 years are underweight and unable to realize their full socio-economic and human potential
Micronutrient Deficiency in Indian Soils 60 48 50 % soil samples deficient 41 40 33 30 20 13 12 10 5 4 0
Milk as Source of Nutritional Security � Milk accounts for 9.2% and 12.4% of protein intake in rural and urban areas, respectively � Important source of Ca, Mg, P, K, Iodine, Se, Vitamin A, D, B 12 , K, Riboflavin, Biotin, Pantothenic acid 1. Calcium: Improves bone health, hypertension, colonic anticarcinogenic 2. Carotenoids: anti-oxidant, vision improvement 3. SCFA (Butyric acid): regulation of cell growth & anti- tumor activity 4. Lactose: development of brain, prebiotic 5. Milk and whey proteins minor components and bioactive peptides have therapeutic values
Egg Production: Poultry production in India has taken a quantum leap in the last four decades, emerging from backyard farming practice to commercial production system with state-of-the art technological interventions Currently the total Poultry population in our country is 729.21 million (as per 19th Livestock Census) and egg production is around 82.93 billion 2015-16. The per capita availability (2015-16) is around 66 eggs per annum. The poultry meat production is estimated to be 3.26 million tones.
Export Potential From Livestock Value Export of Livestock Products YEARS 1NR- RUPEES 1987-88 6,912 Million 1996-97 19,254 Million 2014-15 49,58,410 Million Meat Export 2009 484,00 Million 2014-15 292,891.7 Million Leather Export 1992-93 40 Million 2014-15 713,82.5 Million Total Exports from L.S Products and Related Materials 2010-11 254,090 Million 2011-12 334,170 Million (31.5% Growth) Total Value L.S Products 2015-16 591,691 INR Crores (29% OF AGRI. GDP)
India to become Developed Country � Views from Economists � Two Digit GDP Requirement � Agricultural GDP to Grow more than 4% � Livestock, poultry, fishery GDP to grow by more than 6%
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