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Problem Demarcation Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Problem Demarcation Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your clients interest 1. Establish what is your clients real problem Why problem demarcation ? Best serve your clients interest 1. Establish what is your


  1. Problem Demarcation

  2. Why “problem demarcation” ? Best serve your client’s interest 1.  Establish what is your client’s real problem

  3. Why “problem demarcation” ? Best serve your client’s interest 1.  Establish what is your client’s real problem Be efficient 2.  Look only into issues that matter  In adequate detail

  4. Why “problem demarcation” ? Best serve your client’s interest 1.  Establish what is your client’s real problem Be efficient 2.  Look only into issues that matter  In adequate detail Be accountable for your findings 3.  Make clear what you decide to ignore  Reflect on how this limits your conclusions

  5. Why “problem demarcation” ? Best serve your client’s interest 1.  Establish what is your client’s real problem Be efficient 2.  Look only into issues that matter  In adequate detail Be accountable for your findings 3.  Make clear what you decide to ignore  Reflect on how this limits your conclusions

  6. Problem demarcation How to proceed? 1. Starting point 2. Means-ends analysis 3. Several problem statements 4. Objectives trees + System boundaries 5. Compare & Choose

  7. 1. Choose one issue as a starting point

  8. 1. Choose one issue as a starting point Reduce CO 2 emissions Increase capacity of Deepen container stack harbor

  9. 2. Perform a means-ends analysis “means-ends box” Reduce ¡ ¡ CO 2 ¡emissions ¡ a single verb phrase

  10. Why? Reduce ¡ ¡ CO 2 ¡emissions ¡ How?

  11. H S Why?

  12. H Why? S

  13. F Why? (and so on) H S

  14. How? F H S

  15. How? H S

  16. How? S

  17. How? S

  18. How? S

  19. S How? (and so on...)

  20. “means-ends diagram”

  21. problem 1 problem 2 problem 3 , 4 , 5 problem 6

  22. 3. Problem statements for several “focal means/ ends” means-ends diagram: A “focal objective” Y ¡ X A A undesirable side effects B B C C D D of means E F G H I C D B mean J K L s problem statement: (1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?”

  23. means-ends diagram: B “focal objective” Z ¡ X A undesirable side effects B B C D of means E E F F G H I F E mean J K L s problem statement: (2) “How can the client achieve B without (too much) X or Z ?”

  24. means-ends diagram: A B C C D E F G G H H I undesirable side effects J K L of means G and H (3) “How can the client achieve C without (too much) ... ?”

  25. means-ends diagram: A B C D D E F G H I H I undesirable side effects J K L of means H and I (4) “How can the client achieve D without (too much) ... ?”

  26. means-ends diagram: G “focal objective” V ¡ U A undesirable X side effects B C D of means E F G G H I J K L mean J J K K L L s problem statement: (5) “How can the client achieve G without (too much) U, X or V ?”

  27. 3. Problem statements for several “focal means/ ends” means-ends diagram: (1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?” A B C D (2) “How can the client achieve B without (too much) X or Z ?” E F G H I (5) “How can the client achieve G without (too much) U , X or V ?” J K L

  28. 4. Problem statement → o bjectives tree (1) “How can the client achieve A without (too much) X or Y ?” good A A X < 5 M € little X little Y y 1 = 0 y 2 < 10 -6 a 1 < 0.1 a 2 > 100

  29. 4. Objectives tree → system diagram a 1 ¡ a 2 ¡ good A X ¡ A X < 5 M € little Y y 1 ¡ a 1 < 0.1 a 2 > 100 y 1 = 0 y 2 < 10 -6 y 2 ¡ criteria objectives tree

  30. 4. Add means to system diagram a 1 ¡ B a 2 ¡ A A X ¡ C B B C C D D y 1 ¡ E F G H I J K L D y 2 ¡ criteria means-ends diagram means

  31. 5. Choose one problem + associated system a 1 (1) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡ A ¡ ¡ B a 2 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡ X ¡or ¡ Y ¡?” ¡ X C y 1 D y 2 b 1 (2) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡ B ¡ ¡ E b 2 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡ Y ¡or ¡ Z ¡?” ¡ y 1 y 2 F Z (5) ¡“How ¡can ¡the ¡client ¡achieve ¡ G ¡ ¡ g 1 J g 2 ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡ ¡without ¡(too ¡much) ¡ U , ¡ V ¡or ¡ W ¡?” ¡ U K V L W

  32. Problem demarcation How to proceed? 1. Starting point 2. Means-ends analysis 3. Several problem statements 4. Objectives trees + System boundaries 5. Compare & Choose Involve ¡your ¡client ¡in ¡this ¡process! ¡

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