See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/312057027 PRESENTATION: Cultural Resources on the Pine Ridge Reservation Presentation · October 2015 CITATIONS READS 0 61 1 author: Hannan LaGarry Council for Responsible Mining 753 PUBLICATIONS 339 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Radiation detection on the Pine Ridge Reservation, southwestern South Dakota View project Constructivism in STEM at Oglala Lakota College (Pine Ridge Reservation), southwestern South Dakota View project All content following this page was uploaded by Hannan LaGarry on 14 June 2019. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.
CULTURAL RESOURCES ON THE PINE RIDGE RESERVATION Hannan E. LaGarry Department of Math, Science, & Technology, Oglala Lakota College
CULTURAL RESOURCES Because of traditional beliefs about the interconnectedness of all living (and once living) things, and because in most cases these objects are buried in the Earth, on the Pine Ridge Reservation Cultural Resources include: FOSSILS ARTIFACTS HUMAN REMAINS HISTORICAL PLACES (Catches Enemy & others 2011)
PROFESSIONAL SCIENTISTS FOSSILS paleontologists, paleobiologists, zooarcheologists ARTIFACTS archeologists HUMAN REMAINS physical anthropologists, paleoanthropologists HISTORICAL PLACES historians, ethnographers, anthropologists All rely on the scientific method = gathering of evidence
WHY STUDY FOSSILS AND ARTIFACTS ? **one example for each** Fossil evidence shows that 99% of past life on Earth has gone extinct for one reason or another Archeological evidence shows that thousands of past civilizations and cultures have collapsed and disappeared What about us?
OUTLINE WHY HERE ? COMMON, TYPICAL, AND RARE FOSSILS IMPORTANCE OF GEOLOGY OVERVIEW OF ROCKS, FOSSILS, ARTIFACTS
WHY HERE ? Larson & Evanoff (1998) It all began 40 Ma with volcanoes ...
Larson & Evanoff (1998) PRR VOLCANIC ASH
VOLCANIC GLASS = ABUNDANT FOSSILS 38 - 90% volcanic ash Badlands area near Red Shirt, Pine Ridge Reservation
18 - 35% volcanic ash Pine Ridge Escarpment near Ft. Robinson, Nebraska
Pine Ridge Reservation
PHYTOLITHS Internal supports for plants, ranging from silt to sand-sized, making up as much of 3% of some rocks COMMON FOSSILS
TYPICAL FOSSILS
RARE FOSSILS
Oligocene rhinoceros tracks Oligocene bird tracks OGLALA NATIONAL GRASSLANDS, NEBRASKA RARE FOSSILS
ARTIFACTS ARE CONSIDERED RARE BECAUSE MOST SITES ARE UNIQUE, ONE-TIME OCCURRENCES
Chamberlain Pass Chadron Brule Rosebud (Eocene-Oligocene) Pierre Shale Arikaree Group (Cretaceous) Ogallala Group (Miocene-Pliocene)
Greenhorn Fm., Niobrara Chalk, Pierre Shale (Cretaceous Period) www.geology.wisc.edu
Chamberlain Pass and Chadron formations (Eocene Epoch) Big Cottonwood Ck. Mbr. Chamberlain Pass Fm. Chadron – Ahearn Mbr. www.cbs.dtu.dk
Brule and Rosebud formations, and lower Arikaree Group (Oligocene) Brule Fm. Rosebud Fm. Lower Arikaree Group www.cbs.dtu.dk
Middle and upper Arikaree Group and Ogallala Group (Miocene) Ogallala - Whiteclay gravel Arikaree – Harrison Fm. Ogallala – Patton Ck. beds www.cbs.dtu.dk
Unnamed high river terraces, valley fills, and dunes (Pleistocene) Hall & Gordon (2010) Bison antiquus Hudson-Meng (USFS-NNF) www.cbs.dtu.dk
Unnamed middle and lower river terraces, dunes, and valley fills (Holocene) www/furniture detective.com Sand Creek Flora Sand Creek (Pit) Hearth Site 10 mi south of casino looking west
IMPORTANT POINTS KNOW WHO STUDIES WHAT, AND WHY FOSSILS RANGE FROM COMMON TO VERY RARE ALL ARTIFACTS ARE CONSIDERED RARE CERTAIN ROCKS PRESERVE CERTAIN FOSSILS
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS National Science Foundation Oglala Sioux Tribe President’s Office Oglala Sioux Tribe Land Office OST Natural Resources Regulation Agency OST Tribal Historical preservation Office Oglala Sioux Parks & Recreation Authority Badlands National Park South Dakota School of Mines & Technology St. Cloud State University View publication stats View publication stats
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