United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Poultry PT Blood Testing School 2020 by Terry H. Conger, DVM, Ph.D Poultry Health Specialist/Epidemiologist Mississippi, Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, & Oklahoma USDA, APHIS, Veterinary Services FiOps District 4
Overview of Topics United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • Importance of Poultry Industry in Arkansas • Reasons for Poultry Disease Surveillance • Overview of Virulent Newcastle Disease • Overview of Avian Influenza • Biosecurity: The Key To Preventing Infectious Diseases in Poultry • Emphasizing the Role of P-T Testers
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Concentrated Areas of Poultry Industry in U.S. S. Watkins
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service US Per Capita Consumption of Meat (Retail Weight in Pounds) Source: USDA *-Projected
United States Department of Agriculture US Historical Retail Price Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for Beef, Pork, Broilers (cents/pound) Source: USDA-Economic Research Service
Poultry Industry in United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Arkansas In top 3 states in broiler production: • Producing over 970 M to 1 B broilers/year; • 6-7 billion pounds/year • value of $3-4 billion/year Ranking 3 rd or 4 th in turkey production: • 30 million turkeys, 603 million pounds/year • value of over $450 million/year 10 th to 12 th in the U.S. for table egg production ~3 billion eggs valued at >$480 million/year The Arkansas Poultry Federation
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Poultry is Economically Essential in Arkansas 5,895 Poultry Farms 41,816 jobs 22 complexes that process 30 million/week One new complex plus another in the works $1.24 billion in wages $3.5 billion in cash receipts 76.5% of all agriculture cash receipts 1 in 4 agriculture jobs S. Watkins
44.3% of All Commodities in Arkansas United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Are Poultry and Poultry Products Vegetables and Melons 0.4% Fruits and Nuts 0.1% All Other Crops 0.6% Oil Crops 19.1% Cotton Broilers Broilers, 35.7 % 4.3% 35.7% Corn 7.4% Wheat Poultry & Eggs 2.5% Excluding Broilers 8.6% Rice Cattle and Calves 5.4% 12.4% Aquaculture, Honey Hogs Dairy Products, and All Other Misc. 1.0% Milk 0.2% Livestock 0.8% Arkansas Poultry Federation
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Poultry Disease Surveillance Reasons for poultry disease surveillance: • Impact on poultry health • Impact on human health (zoonotic diseases) • Economic Impact: • Interstate Commerce • International Commerce
United States Department of Agriculture Reason for Concern Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Humans susceptible to: Some strains of Avian Influenza Salmonella infection Staphylococcus aureus Campylobacter jejuni Helicobacter pullorum Newcastle Disease Virus Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Mycobacterium avium
Coalition of Forces in United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Disease Surveillance PT Testers
You should be alert for any United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service unusual signs of disease!
You will be testing for Salmonella United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service pullorum-typhoid ; but you should be aware of signs of reportable diseases: Two Foreign Animal Diseases : Avian Influenza (LPAI & HPAI) Exotic Newcastle Disease (END) And economically important reportable diseases: Mycoplasma gallisepticum Infectious Laryngotracheitis Mycoplasma meleagridis Mycoplasma synoviae All of which display very similar clinical signs
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Newcastle Disease Family Paramyxoviridae Genus Avulavirus 9 serotypes Avian Paramyxovirus-1 thru 9 (APMV-1 to APMV-9) Newcastle disease is APMV-1 Lentogenic, Mesogenic, Velogenic Neurotropic, Viscerotropic Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
United States Department of Agriculture Newcastle Disease Pathotypes Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Lentogenic Mesogenic Velogenic (vND) Common Recently in So. Uncommon California. Intermediate virulence: Most serious Occasional Subclinical poultry neurological . signs disease in world Mild respiratory disease, decreased egg Death without production & quality, weight loss clinical signs Low mortality Negligible 95-100% mortality mortality No effect on trade Shut down trade
United States Department of Agriculture OIE Definition of Poultry Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • Domesticated birds, including backyard poultry, used for the production of meat or eggs for consumption, for the production of other commercial products. Birds that are kept in captivity for any reason • other than those reasons referred to in the preceding paragraph, including those that are kept for shows, races, EXHIBITION, competitions or for breeding or selling these categories of birds as well as pet birds, are not considered to be poultry, so no trade restrictions.
Exotic Newcastle Disease May United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Enter U.S.A. via Following Routes Smuggled (fighting) • cocks Exposed Psittacine • birds entering the U.S. Exposed migratory • waterfowl (Double Crested Cormorants & Northern Pintail dabbling ducks)
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Transmission Routes
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Morbidity/Mortality Morbidity: up to 100% Mortality: 90% Varies greatly depending on: Virulence and strain Avian species and susceptibility of host Environmental conditions Vaccination history Some species show few or no signs Carrier state may exist Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
United States Department of Agriculture Clinical Signs Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Edema of head, especially around eyes Greenish, dark watery diarrhea Respiratory and neurological signs Signs vary with species and virulence Center for Food Security and Public Health, Iowa State University, 2011
Clinical Signs United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Upper Respiratory Neurological
Zoonotic Expression United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture History of Exotic Newcastle Disease Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (vND) in U.S. Poultry
END Affected Area, CA, NV, AZ United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2002-03)
United States Department of Agriculture 2018-20 vND Incursion Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service • On May 16, 2018, California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA) officials reported a presumptive positive vND detection from a sample collected on May 15 by an accredited veterinarian from a chicken from a backyard premises in Los Angeles County, CA. • June 1, 2020, Regional Quarantine was released.
Map of Affected Areas United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (2018-20) Siembieda
United States Department of Agriculture Summary of Infected Premises Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Production Type Infected Premises Backyard Exhibition 476 Backyard Non-Commercial Turkeys 1 Backyard Non-Commercial Poultry 1 Backyard Non-Commercial Chickens 1 Backyard Non-Commercial Table Eggs 6 Commercial Table Egg Layer 3 Commercial Table Egg Pullets 1 Live Bird Sales / Non-Slaughter 1 Live Bird Sales / Slaughter 1 Antibody/Research Facility 1 Retail Feed Store 4 Retail Pet Store 1 Veterinary Clinic 1 Total 498
United States Department of Agriculture Infected Premises by County Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Dangerous Grand County Confirmed Presumptive Contact Total 1 1 0 0 ALAMEDA 46 144 4 94 LOS ANGELES 263 1,506 6 1,237 RIVERSIDE 161 12 517 690 SAN BERNARDINO 1 0 7 8 SAN DIEGO 0 0 1 1 SAN JOAQUIN 1 1 0 0 VENTURA Grand 473 22 1,856 2,351 Total
United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Surveillance & Biosecurity Scenario
Surveillance Scenario United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service
United States Department of Agriculture Overview of Influenza Virus Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Family Orthomyxoviridae Three main serotypes: Type A • Affects multiple species, especially birds (avians) Type B • Affects humans (seasonal flu) Type C • Affects humans and swine Center for Food Security and Public Health Iowa State University - Oct 2005
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