PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS INVASIVE WEED IN EAST AFRICA Hannah Hacker Emmalee Allen Travis Silveus Alyssa Barrett Charles Bonaventure
OUR COMPETITOR: Parthenium hysterophorus 7 th most devastating weed in Africa, Asia and Australia From germination to flowering is roughly 4 weeks and can continue flowering for 6-8 months in favorable conditions Each plant produces about 25,000 seeds and seeds last several years in the soil Plant is allelopathic: germination and radical growth • inhibitor effects nodulation of legumes •
Parthenium hysterophorus Rosette Mature
CARROT
AGRICULTURAL IMPACTS Farmland invasion: In Ethiopia, farmers saw a loss of between 40-97% in sorghum yield if left uncontrolled Alternate host for pests and diseases
Crop Suppression Maize without Parthenium Maize with Parthenium
Crops Beans Maize
ECOLOGICAL IMPACTS Reduces biodiversity pushes out other more favorable vegetation • rosettes act as a carpet smothering the ground • Impacts grazing areas for both wildlife and domestic livestock in Australia, 170,000 km2 of prime grazing land were impacted causing an economic loss of $16.8 million (35.2 billion TSh) per year in the pasture industry and a decrease in stock rates by 80%
Impact on Livestock Toxic to livestock Can cause dermatitis/ skin lesions If eaten, can cause mouth ulcers and excessive salivation Taints the taste of meat and milk May be fatal if consumed as a significant part of the livestock’s diet (10-50%)
CONTINUED STUDY Several animals that have passed away here in Arusha were suspected to be resulting from Parthenium. Liver samples were taken to TPRI a toxicology report
Local Testimonies Njiro, 27 July 2016
Impacts on People
Impacts on People Pollen, dried plant parts, and roots of parthenium cause various allergies like contact dermatitis, hay fever, asthma, and bronchitis in human beings.
CONQUERING PARTHENIUM Be aware • Be able to identify and know our competitor • Know how it is spread Wind, water, machinery, feeds, human and animal movements Take care of the land Parthenium enters through disturbed areas: avoid overgrazing, implementing good practices and preventing erosion
DRESSING???
CONQUERING PARTHENIUM Physical controls Biological controls- to be discussed by TPRI/CABI Chemical controls- to be discussed by TPRI/CABI
Physical Control Pull and uproot Parthenium before flowering Wear protective clothing
INVOLVE MEDIA
Chemical controls
CONQUERING PARTHENIUM Integrated Pest Management (IPM) A combination of strategies is the best mode for winning the struggle with Parthenium
Local Removal & Community Mobilization
Community Education
WORKS CITED
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