Pacific Northwest
PAW1: NE Pacific timeline Jan 2015 Jan 2014 Jan 2013 AK: GOA AK: Seldovia BC: coastal WA: La Push WA: offshore OR: Columbia R. OR: Newport OR: offshore N CA: Humboldt J. Keister, Blob 1 Workshop, PNW breakout lead
Warm Temps: In GOA first, Fall 2013 Jan 2015 Jan 2014 Jan 2013 AK: GOA AK: Seldovia BC: coastal WA: La Push Jan 2014 WA: offshore OR: Columbia R. OR: Newport OR: offshore N CA: Humboldt J. Keister, Blob 1 Workshop, PNW breakout lead
Then arrive PNW offshore Aug 2014 during summer ‘14 Jan 2015 Jan 2014 AK: GOA AK: Seldovia BC: coastal WA: La Push WA: offshore OR: Columbia R. OR: Newport OR: offshore N CA: Humboldt J. Keister, Blob 1 Workshop, PNW breakout lead
Then come Oct 2014 inshore fall ‘14 Jan 2015 Jan 2013 AK: GOA AK: Seldovia BC: coastal WA: La Push WA: offshore OR: Columbia R. OR: Newport OR: offshore N CA: Humboldt J. Keister, Blob 1 Workshop, PNW breakout lead
SST at NOAA Buoy 46050 Stonewall Bank off Newport • ‘The Blob’ came onshore 14 Sep 2014 at 10 pm • The temperature increased 6°C in a few hours • Peak temperature reached 19.4°C From Peterson and Fisher
2014 SHIFT TO DOWNWELLING SUDDEN (ON SEPT. 25) EVIDENT AT CHA’BA OFF LA PUSH, WA
Aug 2014 anomaly A major story for 2014 is that despite strong offshore positive T anomalies, the near coastal waters were normal to cooler than average until the Sept 2014 fall transition Oct 2014 anomaly How does this compare for 2015?
Aug 2014 anomaly Aug 2015 anomaly Oct 2014 anomaly Oct 2015 anomaly Aug 2015 had already warmer than avg waters at coast
Upwelling 45°N 1996 - 2015 Cummulative upwelling 45° 1996-2015 Upwelling 10000 5000 0 -5000 Downwelling -10000 -15000 2014 2015 -20000 Jan Mar May Jul Sep Nov Jan • 2014- upwelling delayed until late June (nearly matched 2005) then was average • 2015- upwelling began on time and has been the strongest in the past 20 years From Peterson and Fisher
Offshore-onshore gradients “CDIP Grays Harbor” “NDBC Washington, offshore”
Washington Offshore buoy 2014 Washington, offshore +4C anomaly peak, always warmer during 2014, much >2 s.d. Jan July Dec
Washington Offshore buoy 2015 Washington, offshore +3C anomaly peaks in spring and summer, always warmer during 2015, much >2 s.d. Jan July Dec
Grays Harbor buoy 2014 CDIP off Grays Harbor More mixed signal, with most >1 sd positive anomalies in spring and fall Jan July Dec
Grays Harbor buoy 2015 CDIP off Grays Harbor More mixed signal, with most >1 sd positive anomalies in winter and summer Jan July Dec
In general • Most extreme positive T anomalies (>2 s.d.) were offshore whereas near coastal waters were mostly only >1 s.d. • For near coastal waters, highest T anomalies: spring and fall 2014, winter and summer 2015 • Coastal upwelling: cooler than normal T during 2014 but warmer than normal T in July & August 2015
NH-5 Copepod Species Richness 12 Richness Anomaly Copepod Species Copepod Species Richness Anomaly 10 8 6 4 2 0 -2 -4 -6 -8 97 98 99 00 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Year 17 new copepod species observed in 2014-2015, many are Transition Zone/North Pacific Current species as opposed to coastal southern species
Unprecedented Mass Mortality Event (~100,000 dead Cassin’s Auklets) Sep Oct Nov Dec Jan Feb Mar Courtesy Julia Parrish/UW 8-31 beaches 2001-2015 7-36 beaches 2002-2015 7-46 beaches 2002-2015 5-22 beaches .025 2.5 2006-2015 .25 25 7-26 beaches 2007-2015 3-6 beaches 2014-2015 16-37 beaches 1994-2015 2014-15 mean long-term average COASST: Neah Bay WA to Mendocino, BeachWatch: Mendocino to San Francisco Bay. Data are Cassin’s Auklets carcasses/km, new finds only. Sample size is number of beach sites over the listed year range.
Christopher Krembs
• Slides and data provided by: – Jan Newton – Bill Peterson – Julia Parrish – Christopher Krembs
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