Fermilab rmilab Pro roject ject-X X Ove verview rview Shekhar Mishra Project-X, International Collaboration Coordinator Fermilab
Out utline line • Fermilab Complex • Fermilab Strategic Plan – Energy Frontier – Cosmic Frontier – Intensity Frontier • Project-X – Some Design Details – R&D and Project Status • Project-X Collaboration – India Collaboration • Summary
Fer ermi milab lab an and d th the Wo e World d Progr gram am The Fermilab Tevatron has now passed on the energy frontier to LHC, following 25 years as the highest energy particle collider in the world. Fermilab operates the highest power long baseline neutrino beam in the world. But will face stiff competition from J-PARC
Fe Ferm rmilab ilab Str trat ategic egic Pla lan • The U.S. strategy for elementary particle physics over the coming decades has been developed by the DOE’s High Energy Physics Advisory Panel (HEPAP). – Fermilab is fully aligned with this strategy. • The Fermilab strategy is to mount a world-leading program at the intensity frontier, while using this program as a bridge to an energy frontier facility beyond LHC in the longer term. • Broaden the physics program to include Nuclear Physics and Energy
Gap aps s an and Rol oles: es: Ene nerg rgy y Fr Fron ontier tier • Next two decades: – Dominated by LHC. – Upgrades to LHC machine and detectors • Biggest gap: – What follows the LHC? Depends on results and at what energy results occur • Fermilab strategy: – Physics exploitation and upgrades of LHC. – R&D on future machines: • ILC if physics at ―low‖ energy; • Muon Collider if physics at high energy; • New high field magnets for extension of LHC or future proton colliders at ultra-LHC energies
Fermilab Roles: Energy Frontier LHC Tevatron LHC Upgrades LHC ILC, CLIC or LHC ILC?? Muon Collider 2019 2022 2016 Now 2013 13 12 11 10 Green curve: same rates as 09 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
Gap aps s an and ro role les: s: Cos osmic mic Fr Fron onti tier er • The principal connection to particle physics: – The nature of dark matter and dark energy • Gap in the direct search for dark matter: – Get to ―zero—background‖ technology. • Gap in understanding dark energy – Establishment of time evolution of the acceleration: • New major telescopes (ground and space) • Fermilab strategy: – Establish scalable ―zero - background‖ technology for dark matter. – Participate in future ground and space telescopes (the principal agencies are NSF and NASA, not DOE)
Fermilab Roles: Cosmic Frontier DM: ~1 ton DE: LSST DM: ~100 kg DM: ~10 kg DE: LSST WFIRST?? DE: DES DE: SDSS WFIRST?? P. Auger P. Auger BigBOSS?? Holometer? 2022 2019 2016 2013 Now
Ga Gaps ps and nd Rol oles: s: Int ntensi ensity ty Fr Fron onti tier er • Two principal approaches: – Proton super-beams to study neutrinos and rare decays – Quark factories: in e + e - and LHCb • Principal gap is – The understanding of neutrino – The observation of rare decays coupled to new physics processes • Fermilab strategy: – Develop the most powerful set of facilities in the world for the study of neutrinos and rare processes, way beyond the present state of the art. – Complementary to LHC.
Fermilab Roles: Intensity Frontier NOvA MINOS Project X+LBNE MicroBooNE MiniBooNE LBNE m , K, nuclear, … g-2? MINERvA Mu2e n Factory ?? SeaQuest SeaQuest 2022 2019 2013 2016 Now
Fermilab Present Collaborative Efforts • International Collaborations 27 countries for our programs 23 countries 16 countries Collaboration among DOE laboratories • Project X, ILC/SRF, Muon collider, neutrino factory, LHC Accelerator, many particle experiments, …
PX: X: Refere ference nce Design ign Con onfigurati iguration on 1300 MHz 325 & 650 MHZ • 3-GeV, 1-mA, CW linac, 325 and 650 MHz, provides beam for rare processes, nuclear and energy programs – ~ 3 MW; flexible provision for beam requirements supporting multiple users – < 5% of beam is sent to the Main Injector • Reference Design for 3-8 GeV acceleration: pulsed linac – Linac would be 1300 MHz with <5% duty cycle
Pro roject ject X: X: Cen entr tral al to to th the e str trateg ategy • CW Linac a unique facility for rare decays: – A continuous wave (CW), very high power, superconducting 3 GeV linac. • Unique in the world – Greatly enhances the capability for rare decays of kaons, muons • CW linac is also the ideal machine for other uses: – Standard Model tests with nuclei (ISOL targets), – Possible energy and transmutation applications, – Cold neutrons • Coupled to an 8 GeV pulsed LINAC and to the Recycler and Main Injector – the most intense beams of neutrinos at high energy (LBNE) and low energy (for the successors to Mini and MicroBooNE) • Eliminates proton economics as the major limitation: all experiments run simultaneously – scope would be difficult to reproduce elsewhere
Bro road ad an and Fl Flex exible ible Phy hysics sics • Project X is central and gives us the ultimate world program at the intensity frontier. It is a very broad program with a lot of flexibility 3 GeV CW • Muons linac • Kaons • Nuclei (ISOL) • Materials (ADS) 3-8 GeV pulsed • Neutrinos vs. antineutrinos linac 8-120 GeV • Long base line neutrino oscillations existing machines
Nuc uclear lear Ene nerg rgy y Int nter erest est of of HIPA • A multi-MW proton source could be the key element of a Nuclear Energy program, including transmutation – Multi MW CW beam at 1-2 GeV (similar to Fermilab Project-X) could be the accelerator and target technology demonstration project. 15
Pro roject ject-X: X: Mis ission ion • A neutrino beam for long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments – 2 MW proton source at 60-120 GeV • High intensity, low energy protons for kaon and muon based precision experiments – Operations simultaneous with the neutrino program • A path toward a muon source for possible future Neutrino Factory and/or a Muon Collider – Requires ~4 MW at ~5-15 GeV . • Possible non-HEP missions under consideration – Nuclear physics – Nuclear energy applications (Demonstration: Accelerator and Transmutation)
Ref eference erence Des esign: ign: Provisional isional Siting CW Linac Pulsed Linac
Projec oject-X X Reference ference Design ign La Layout out 3 Gev cw linac 3 Gev beam transport 3-8 Gev pulsed linac 8 Gev beam transport PX Briefing to OHEP 18
Pro roject ject-X: X: Fr Fron ont t End nd H - gun RFQ MEBT Room Temp (RT) (~15m) • H- -source: 10 mA CW • RFQ (Room Temperature and CW): 162.5 MHz, ~ 2.5 MeV, 1/10mA avg/peak – Pulsed RFQ under test at Fermilab • MEBT (room temperature): – High Bandwidth Chopper – RT bunching cavities, P < 5 kW each – Triplet (RT) optics (keep round beam)
Pr Project oject-X X Li Lina nac : Referen ference ce Design ign β =0.6 β =0.9 SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 ILC 650 MHz 0.16-3 GeV 325 MHz 2.5-160 MeV 3-8 GeV SSR0 SSR1 SSR2 LE HE ILC #Cavities 18 18 40 48 152 224 #Solenoids 18 18 20 0 0 0 #Quadrupoles 0 0 0 32 46 28 #Cryomodules 1 2 4 8 19 28 Length, m 11.38 15.2 33.6 157.05 330.51 353.27 Position, m 0 11.38 26.58 60.18 157.11 487.62 Period Length, m 0.61 0.8 1.6 6.06 13.76 25.23 #Periods 18 18 10 16 19 14 Transition Energy, MeV 10.79 35.17 153.7 537.32 3038 8319 Transition Beta 0.150 0.266 0.511 0.771 0.972 0.995
CW W Li Lina nac: c: 32 325 5 MHz z an and 65 650 0 MHz z Cavity ity Power er Cavity ity Gradien ient Energy rgy Gain pe per Ca Cavity ty Project-X is a compact SRF Accelerator: Design enhances capabilities and reduces cost.
325 25 MH MHz Spok oke e Resonator onator Cavit ity SSR1 – prototyping, testing SSR0 - design SSR2 - design Parameters of the single-spoke cavities Beam cavity Freq V a, max E max B max R/Q, G, *Q 0,2K P max,2K pipe ø, β G 10 9 Ω Ω type MHz MeV MV/m mT W mm β=0.115 325 30 0.6 32 39 108 50 6.5 0.5 SSR0 β=0.215 325 30 1.47 28 43 242 84 11.0 0.8 SSR1 β=0.42 325 40 3.34 32 60 292 109 13.0 2.9 SSR2
RF F Paramet rameter er for or ell llip ipti tical cal Cavitie ities 1.3 GHz ILC 650 MHz: β =0.61 650 MHz: β =0.9 Parameter LE650 HE650 ILC β _geomet eometri ric 0.61 0.61 0.9 0.9 1 ll ∙ β geom /2 Cavity vity Length th = n cell mm 703 703 1038 1038 1038 1038 R/Q Ohm 378 378 638 638 1036 1036 G-facto actor Ohm 191 191 255 255 270 270 Max. Gain/ca /cavity vity (on on crest) st) MeV 11.7 11.7 19.2/17 2/17.7 .7 * 17.2 17.2 Acc. Gradient ient MV/m 16.6 16.6 18.5 5 / 17 16.9 16.9 Max surf rf. electri tric field ld MV/m 37.5 37.5 37.3 3 / 34 34 34 Max surf rf. magneti etic field eld, mT 70 70 70 / 61.5 72 72 10 10 Q 0 @ @ 2 ° K 1.5 1.5 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 P 2K max [W] 24 24 29 / 24 20 20
Most t Recent ent 9-cell, ell, 1.3 GHz Cavity ty Results lts 6 cavitie ities buil ilt by ACCEL L and 6 by AES PX PX ILC Courtesy of R Geng • AES 2 nd batch has 75% yield > 35 MV/M • Meet Project-X goals • But… of course low statistics
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