Organic Farm ing Organic Farm ing in Tropical Fruits in Tropical - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Organic Farm ing Organic Farm ing in Tropical Fruits in Tropical Fruits : Potential & : Potential & Strategies Strategies Professor S. K. Mitra Mitra Professor S. K. Faculty of Horticulture Faculty of Horticulture Bidhan Chandra Chandra Krishi Krishi Visw avidyalaya Visw avidyalaya Bidhan W est Bengal 7 4 1 2 5 2 W est Bengal 7 4 1 2 5 2 I ndia I ndia

Definition of Organic Farm ing Definition of Organic Farm ing • Products labeled as “Organic” are those certified as having been produced through clearly defined organic production m ethods. • I n other w ords “Organic” is a claim on the production process rather than a claim on the product itself.

According to the definition of the Codex Alim entarius – “Organic agriculture is a holistic production m anagem ent system w hich prom otes and enhances agro-ecosystem health, including biodiversity, biological cycles and soil biological activity”.

Basic Criteria for the Production, Storage Basic Criteria for the Production, Storage & Transport of Organic Fruits & Transport of Organic Fruits • Existence of production standards and certification procedures • The I nternational Federation of Organic Agriculture Movem ent ( I FOAM) , a non- governm ental organization prom oting organic agriculture internationally, has established guidelines that have been w idely adopted for organic production and processing • These guidelines are com m only considered as “m inim um standards” leaving room for m ore detailed requirem ents, depending on regional or local situation. • Contd….

• Many developed countries have defined their ow n organic standards • EC countries have endorsed a com m on organic standard w hich is spelt out in Regulation EEC2 0 9 2 / 91 • FAO/ W HO Codex Alim entarius Com m ission adopted – “Guidelines for the Production, Processing, Labeling and Marketing of Organically produced Foods” in 1 9 9 9 .

Situation of Organic Farm ing in Situation of Organic Farm ing in different Countries different Countries Continent-w ise Area under Organic M anagem ent (Source : FiBL Survey 2005/06) 45 40 35 30 % share 25 20 15 10 5 0 a a a e a a c i c c i p n s i i r o i r a r A e e f r e A m u m c E O A A / a n h i i t t l r a a o r L t N s u A

Australia Annual grow th : 20 -2 4 % • Total farm Gate Sale : $ 1 2 7 .9 M • Fruits & Nuts : $ 21 .4 M • ( 1 6 .7 % ) • Organic fruits : apple, avocado, banana, grape fruit, lem on, w aterm elon, olives, orange, papaya, litchi, ram butan During the three years • transition phase, produce is labeled as “in conversion” I n 2 0 0 1 , 1 6 0 0 t ( 0 .6 % ) of • banana produced organically.

United Kingdom

Germ any

Austria

Taiw an Pilot project started in 1 9 9 5 • I n 2 0 0 6 , 1 1 0 organic farm s, 2 0 7 ha • 3 4 fruit species grow n as organic : • citrus, banana, pineapple, guava, grape, papaya 4 indipendent private certification bodies • * Mokichi Okada Association ( MOA) * Tse-Xin Organic Agricultural Foundation ( TOAF) * Taiw an Organic Production Association ( TOPA) * Taiw an Form osa Organic Association ( FOA) Annual im ports : US $ 9 .7 M •

Mexico • Total area under organic : 3 0 ,0 0 0 ha • Grow th : 2 7 % annually • 8 5 % organic produce for export m arket • Export destination : Germ any, France, Holland, England, Sw itzerland, USA & Canada • Organic produce : Coffee - 4 5 .2 6 % , Tropical & Subtropical fruits – 2 % • Organic fruits : avocado, banana, m ango, pineapple, papaya, anona, litchi, lem on, sapota, coconut, caram bola, tam arind • Certification : Around 2 0 organization.

Turkey Olive and olive oil in Canakkale, • I zm ir, Manisa, Balikesir, Mugla Dry and table fig in Aydin, • Yalova, I stanbul Citrus in Adana, Mersin, I zm ir, • Mulga, Hatay • Pom egranate in Adana, Mulga, Antalya Kiw i in I stanbul, Trabzon, • Yalova Loquat in Tarsus ( Mersin) • • Banana in Bozyazi Mango in Anam ur •

I ndia : Organic Crops 30 25 20 % share 15 10 5 0 Rice Fruits & Veg Tea Cashewnut Others Pulses Coffee Spices Cotton Wheat Organic Crop

Desire of I ndian Consum ers for I ndian Organic Produces 80 70 % Respondents 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 e s a t s s a l c d s e i t t e e o e i o c i e T u R c s h o a l e r b i l W p u r F f l a b t S P y x t i e b e d g a E l e B a b V r e H Desired Organic Produce

Advantage I ndia Advantage I ndia • Recognition of I ndian standards by the European Com m ission • Potential to produce & supply varied product categories • Vast farm land available for conversion • Progressive farm ers • Rich know ledge base • Governm ent initiatives in prom otion of organic products

W hat Kind of Dem and for W hat Kind of Dem and for Organic Food Grow s More ? Organic Food Grow s More ? Fresh fruits & vegetables represent • Fresh fruits & vegetables represent • 4 0 % of sales and this sector grow s 4 0 % of sales and this sector grow s about 1 0 % annually. about 1 0 % annually. Dairy products, cereals, breads, fast • Dairy products, cereals, breads, fast • foods, frozen foods & baby foods foods, frozen foods & baby foods represent 6 0 % of the sales and the represent 6 0 % of the sales and the average grow th is about 4 0 % average grow th is about 4 0 % annually. annually.

Organic Market Leader am ong Organic Market Leader am ong Conventional retail Chains Conventional retail Chains Germ any : Tegut Sw itzerland : COOP UK : W aitrose Austria : Billa I taly : Esselunga The Netherlands : Albert Heijn

ORGANIZATIONS PROMOTING ORGANIC CONCEPT International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) The Soil Association Certification Ltd (SAC) UK The United Kingdom Register of Organic Food Standards (UKROFS) The California Certified Organic Farmers (CCOF) in USA Ecocert, Germany,

Demeter Bund, e. V., Germany SKAL, Zwolle, The Netherlands, Bio Suisse, Switzerland Institute of Marketecology (IMO), Switzerland etc. For f urther details log on to http:/ / www. ioas. org For f urther details log on to http:/ / www. ioas. org

Key I ssues Key I ssues • High certification costs • Lack of support during conversion period • Availability and cost issues of organic inputs • I nfrastructure constraints • Non-tarriff barriers • Lack of research & developm ent • Lack of structured dom estic distribution channel

Percentage Decline in Mineral Content of U.S. and British Crops in the 60 Years Period under Conventional Farming Mineral U.S. 1963-1992 (13 fruits & Britain 1936-1987 (20 fruits & vegetables) 20 vegetables) Calcium -29 -19 Magnesum -21 -35 Sodium N/A -43 Potassium -6 -14 Phosphorus -11 -6 Iron -32 -22 Copper N/A -81 N/A= Not analyzed Source: *U.S. (Bergner, 1997) and British (Mayer, 1997)

POINTS OF INTERVENTION Lack of Awareness Output Marketing Problems Shortage of Bio-mass Inadequate Supporting Infrastructure High Input Costs Marketing Problems of Organic Inputs Lack of Financial Support Low Yields Inability to Meet the Export Demand Lack of Quality Standards for Bio-manures

Strategies and Recom m endations Strategies and Recom m endations A) Focus on Value Added Organic export • Focus on specific/ niche varieties to m axim ize organic prem ium s at the farm level • Processing at source • Direct tie up w ith buyers

B) I ncentives & Prom otional Support • Certification support/ incentive • Support/ incentives for in- conversion organic farm s • Aw areness and training program m es • Joint program m e across com m odities • Support for production of organic agri-inputs

C) Creation of a Nodal Agency • Creation of an organic m arket & know ledge repository - Markets - Regulations - I dentification of prospects - Monitoring • Aw areness building • I nterface w ith the com m odity Boards, associations etc. w ith Governm ent

I nspection and Certification I nspection and Certification • Certification is the process by w hich a farm is officially certified as 'organic‘ • This guarantees custom ers that the produce from the certified farm is in fact organic and free from chem icals, pesticides, and insecticides.

• The certification process involves - contacting a certifying agency, - contracting w ith them for an inspection of your farm by their inspector, - and upon passing their inspection, an issuance of a Certified Docum ent. These certificates are subject to renew al. • I f you w ish to enter the global m arket, your farm m ust be certified organic. I ncreasingly the dom estic m arket in I ndia is also insisting upon certified organic produce. • I ndia is w orking w ith international organic farm ing agencies to facilitate an internationally recognized set of standards to be used during the inspection of farm s desiring organic certification.