optimierende compiler
play

Optimierende Compiler Aufbau GIMPLE IR Uberblick uber die GNU - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 29, 2023 •381 likes •2.19k views

OC A. Koch Compile-Flu Optimierende Compiler Aufbau GIMPLE IR Uberblick uber die GNU Compiler Collection gcc RTL IR Optimierung Andreas Koch FG Eingebettete Systeme und ihre Anwendungen Informatik, TU Darmstadt

  1. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Preliminaries 9/43 Producing the Output of GCC Passes • Use the option -fdump-<ir>-<passname> <ir> could be ◮ tree : Intraprocedural passes on GIMPLE ◮ ipa : Interprocedural passes on GIMPLE ◮ rtl : Intraprocedural passes on RTL • Use all in place of <pass> to see all dumps Example: gcc -fdump-tree-all -fdump-rtl-all test.c • Dumping more details: Suffix raw for tree passes and details or slim for RTL passes Individual passes may have more verbosity options (e.g. -fsched-verbose=5 ) • Use -S to stop the compilation with assembly generation • Use --verbose-asm to see more detailed assembly dump Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  2. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Preliminaries 10/43 Total Number of Dumps Optimization Number of Goals Level Dumps Default 47 Fast compilation O1 134 O2 158 O3 168 Os 156 Optimize for space Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  3. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Preliminaries 11/43 Selected Dumps for Our Example Program GIMPLE dumps (t) 138t.cplxlower0 163r.reginfo 143t.optimized 183r.outof cfglayout 001t.tu 224t.statistics 184r.split1 003t.original 186r.dfinit 004t.gimple ipa dumps (i) 187r.mode sw 006t.vcg 000i.cgraph 188r.asmcons 009t.omplower 014i.visibility 191r.ira 010t.lower 015i.early local cleanups 194r.split2 012t.eh 044i.whole-program 198r.pro and epilogue 013t.cfg 048i.inline 211r.stack 017t.ssa rtl dumps (r) 212r.alignments 018t.veclower 144r.expand 215r.mach 019t.inline param1 145r.sibling 216r.barriers 020t.einline 147r.initvals 220r.shorten 037t.release ssa 148r.unshare 221r.nothrow 038t.inline param2 149r.vregs 222r.final 044i.whole-program 150r.into cfglayout 223r.dfinish 048i.inline 151r.jump assembly Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  4. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Preliminaries 12/43 Passes for First Level Graybox Probing of GCC C Source Code Reg Allocator Parser AST ira Gimplifier pro epilogue generation prologue-epilogue GIMPLE CFG Generator Pattern Matcher CFG ASM Program RTL Generator RTL expand Lowering of abstraction! Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  5. Part 2 Examining GIMPLE Dumps

  6. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 13/43 Gimplifier • About GIMPLE ◮ Three-address representation derived from GENERIC Computation represented as a sequence of basic operations Temporaries introduced to hold intermediate values ◮ Control construct are explicated into conditional jumps • Examining GIMPLE Dumps ◮ Examining translation of data accesses ◮ Examining translation of control flow ◮ Examining translation of function calls Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  7. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 14/43 GIMPLE: Composite Expressions Involving Local and Global Variables test.c test.c.004t.gimple int a; x = 10; int main() y = 5; { D.1954 = x * y; int x = 10; a.0 = a; int y = 5; x = D.1954 + a.0; a.1 = a; x = a + x * y; D.1957 = a.1 * x; y = y - a * x; y = y - D.1957; } Global variables are treated as “memory locations” and local variables are treated as “registers” Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  8. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 14/43 GIMPLE: Composite Expressions Involving Local and Global Variables test.c test.c.004t.gimple int a; x = 10; int main() y = 5; { D.1954 = x * y; int x = 10; a.0 = a; int y = 5; x = D.1954 + a.0; a.1 = a; x = a + x * y; D.1957 = a.1 * x; y = y - a * x; y = y - D.1957; } Global variables are treated as “memory locations” and local variables are treated as “registers” Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  9. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 14/43 GIMPLE: Composite Expressions Involving Local and Global Variables test.c test.c.004t.gimple int a; x = 10; int main() y = 5; { D.1954 = x * y; int x = 10; a.0 = a; int y = 5; x = D.1954 + a.0; a.1 = a; x = a + x * y; D.1957 = a.1 * x; y = y - a * x; y = y - D.1957; } Global variables are treated as “memory locations” and local variables are treated as “registers” Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  10. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 14/43 GIMPLE: Composite Expressions Involving Local and Global Variables test.c test.c.004t.gimple int a; x = 10; int main() y = 5; { D.1954 = x * y; int x = 10; a.0 = a; int y = 5; x = D.1954 + a.0; a.1 = a; x = a + x * y; D.1957 = a.1 * x; y = y - a * x; y = y - D.1957; } Global variables are treated as “memory locations” and local variables are treated as “registers” Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  11. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 15/43 GIMPLE: 1-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple a[2] = 10; D.1952 = a[2]; int main() a[1] = D.1952; { D.1953 = a[1]; int a[3], x; D.1954 = a[2]; a[1] = a[2] = 10; x = D.1953 + D.1954; x = a[1] + a[2]; a[0] = a[1] + a[1]*x; D.1955 = x + 1; D.1956 = a[1]; } D.1957 = D.1955 * D.1956; a[0] = D.1957; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  12. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 15/43 GIMPLE: 1-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple a[2] = 10; D.1952 = a[2]; int main() a[1] = D.1952; { D.1953 = a[1]; int a[3], x; D.1954 = a[2]; a[1] = a[2] = 10; x = D.1953 + D.1954; x = a[1] + a[2]; a[0] = a[1] + a[1]*x; D.1955 = x + 1; D.1956 = a[1]; } D.1957 = D.1955 * D.1956; a[0] = D.1957; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  13. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 15/43 GIMPLE: 1-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple a[2] = 10; D.1952 = a[2]; int main() a[1] = D.1952; { D.1953 = a[1]; int a[3], x; D.1954 = a[2]; a[1] = a[2] = 10; x = D.1953 + D.1954; x = a[1] + a[2]; a[0] = a[1] + a[1]*x; D.1955 = x + 1; D.1956 = a[1]; } D.1957 = D.1955 * D.1956; a[0] = D.1957; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  14. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 15/43 GIMPLE: 1-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple a[2] = 10; D.1952 = a[2]; int main() a[1] = D.1952; { D.1953 = a[1]; int a[3], x; D.1954 = a[2]; a[1] = a[2] = 10; x = D.1953 + D.1954; x = a[1] + a[2]; a[0] = a[1] + a[1]*x; D.1955 = x + 1; D.1956 = a[1]; } D.1957 = D.1955 * D.1956; a[0] = D.1957; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  15. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 15/43 GIMPLE: 1-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple a[2] = 10; D.1952 = a[2]; int main() a[1] = D.1952; { D.1953 = a[1]; int a[3], x; D.1954 = a[2]; a[1] = a[2] = 10; x = D.1953 + D.1954; x = a[1] + a[2]; a[0] = a[1] + a[1]*x; D.1955 = x + 1; D.1956 = a[1]; } D.1957 = D.1955 * D.1956; a[0] = D.1957; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  16. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 16/43 GIMPLE: 2-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() a[0][0] = 7; { a[1][1] = 8; int a[3][3], x, y; a[2][2] = 9; a[0][0] = 7; D.1953 = a[0][0]; a[1][1] = 8; D.1954 = a[1][1]; a[2][2] = 9; x = D.1953 / D.1954; x = a[0][0] / a[1][1]; D.1955 = a[1][1]; y = a[1][1] % a[2][2]; D.1956 = a[2][2]; } y = D.1955 % D.1956; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  17. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 16/43 GIMPLE: 2-D Array Accesses test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() a[0][0] = 7; { a[1][1] = 8; int a[3][3], x, y; a[2][2] = 9; a[0][0] = 7; D.1953 = a[0][0]; a[1][1] = 8; D.1954 = a[1][1]; a[2][2] = 9; x = D.1953 / D.1954; x = a[0][0] / a[1][1]; D.1955 = a[1][1]; y = a[1][1] % a[2][2]; D.1956 = a[2][2]; } y = D.1955 % D.1956; • No notion of “addressable memory” in GIMPLE. • Array reference is a single operation in GIMPLE and is linearized in RTL during expansion Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  18. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 17/43 GIMPLE: Use of Pointers test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int * D.1953; int main() int * * a; { int * b; int **a,*b,c; int c; b = &c; a = &b; b = &c; **a = 10; /* c = 10 */ a = &b; } D.1953 = *a; ~ *D.1953 = 10; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  19. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 17/43 GIMPLE: Use of Pointers test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int * D.1953; int main() int * * a; { int * b; int **a,*b,c; int c; b = &c; a = &b; b = &c; **a = 10; /* c = 10 */ a = &b; } D.1953 = *a; ~ *D.1953 = 10; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  20. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 18/43 GIMPLE: Use of Structures test.c test.c.004t.gimple typedef struct address { char *name; main () } ad; { void * D.1957; typedef struct student struct ad * D.1958; { int roll; struct st * s; ad *ct; extern void * malloc (unsigned int); } st; s = malloc (8); int main() s->roll = 1; { st *s; D.1957 = malloc (4); s = malloc(sizeof(st)); s->ct = D.1957; s->roll = 1; D.1958 = s->ct; s->ct=malloc(sizeof(ad)); D.1958->name = "Mumbai"; s->ct->name = "Mumbai"; } } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  21. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 18/43 GIMPLE: Use of Structures test.c test.c.004t.gimple typedef struct address { char *name; main () } ad; { void * D.1957; typedef struct student struct ad * D.1958; { int roll; struct st * s; ad *ct; extern void * malloc (unsigned int); } st; s = malloc (8); int main() s->roll = 1; { st *s; D.1957 = malloc (4); s = malloc(sizeof(st)); s->ct = D.1957; s->roll = 1; D.1958 = s->ct; s->ct=malloc(sizeof(ad)); D.1958->name = "Mumbai"; s->ct->name = "Mumbai"; } } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  22. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 18/43 GIMPLE: Use of Structures test.c test.c.004t.gimple typedef struct address { char *name; main () } ad; { void * D.1957; typedef struct student struct ad * D.1958; { int roll; struct st * s; ad *ct; extern void * malloc (unsigned int); } st; s = malloc (8); int main() s->roll = 1; { st *s; D.1957 = malloc (4); s = malloc(sizeof(st)); s->ct = D.1957; s->roll = 1; D.1958 = s->ct; s->ct=malloc(sizeof(ad)); D.1958->name = "Mumbai"; s->ct->name = "Mumbai"; } } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  23. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 18/43 GIMPLE: Use of Structures test.c test.c.004t.gimple typedef struct address { char *name; main () } ad; { void * D.1957; typedef struct student struct ad * D.1958; { int roll; struct st * s; ad *ct; extern void * malloc (unsigned int); } st; s = malloc (8); int main() s->roll = 1; { st *s; D.1957 = malloc (4); s = malloc(sizeof(st)); s->ct = D.1957; s->roll = 1; D.1958 = s->ct; s->ct=malloc(sizeof(ad)); D.1958->name = "Mumbai"; s->ct->name = "Mumbai"; } } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  24. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 19/43 GIMPLE: Pointer to Array test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int main() int * D.2048; { int * D.2049; int *p a, a[3]; int * p a; int a[3]; p a = &a[0]; p a = &a[0]; *p a = 10; *p a = 10; *(p a+1) = 20; D.2048 = p a + 4; *(p a+2) = 30; *D.2048 = 20; } D.2049 = p a + 8; *D.2049 = 30; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  25. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 19/43 GIMPLE: Pointer to Array test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int main() int * D.2048; { int * D.2049; int *p a, a[3]; int * p a; int a[3]; p a = &a[0]; p a = &a[0]; *p a = 10; *p a = 10; *(p a+1) = 20; D.2048 = p a + 4; *(p a+2) = 30; *D.2048 = 20; } D.2049 = p a + 8; *D.2049 = 30; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  26. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 19/43 GIMPLE: Pointer to Array test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int main() int * D.2048; { int * D.2049; int *p a, a[3]; int * p a; int a[3]; p a = &a[0]; p a = &a[0]; *p a = 10; *p a = 10; *(p a+1) = 20; D.2048 = p a + 4; *(p a+2) = 30; *D.2048 = 20; } D.2049 = p a + 8; *D.2049 = 30; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  27. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 19/43 GIMPLE: Pointer to Array test.c test.c.004t.gimple main () { int main() int * D.2048; { int * D.2049; int *p a, a[3]; int * p a; int a[3]; p a = &a[0]; p a = &a[0]; *p a = 10; *p a = 10; *(p a+1) = 20; D.2048 = p a + 4; *(p a+2) = 30; *D.2048 = 20; } D.2049 = p a + 8; *D.2049 = 30; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  28. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 20/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Conditional Statements test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; while (a<=7) else goto <D.1201>; { <D.1200>: a = a+1; D.1199 = a + b; } a = D.1199 + c; if (a<=12) <D.1201>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  29. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 20/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Conditional Statements test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; while (a<=7) else goto <D.1201>; { <D.1200>: a = a+1; D.1199 = a + b; } a = D.1199 + c; if (a<=12) <D.1201>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  30. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 20/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Conditional Statements test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; while (a<=7) else goto <D.1201>; { <D.1200>: a = a+1; D.1199 = a + b; } a = D.1199 + c; if (a<=12) <D.1201>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  31. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 21/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Loops test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; goto <D.1197>; <D.1196>: while (a<=7) a = a + 1; { <D.1197>: a = a+1; if (a <= 7) goto <D.1196>; } else goto <D.1198>; if (a<=12) <D.1198>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  32. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 21/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Loops test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; goto <D.1197>; <D.1196>: while (a<=7) a = a + 1; { <D.1197>: a = a+1; if (a <= 7) goto <D.1196>; } else goto <D.1198>; if (a<=12) <D.1198>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  33. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 21/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Loops test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; goto <D.1197>; <D.1196>: while (a<=7) a = a + 1; { <D.1197>: a = a+1; if (a <= 7) goto <D.1196>; } else goto <D.1198>; if (a<=12) <D.1198>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  34. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 21/43 GIMPLE: Translation of Loops test.c test.c.004t.gimple int main() { int a=2, b=3, c=4; goto <D.1197>; <D.1196>: while (a<=7) a = a + 1; { <D.1197>: a = a+1; if (a <= 7) goto <D.1196>; } else goto <D.1198>; if (a<=12) <D.1198>: a = a+b+c; } Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  35. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 22/43 Control Flow Graph: Textual View test.c.004t.gimple test.c.013t.cfg <bb 5>: if (a <= 12) goto <bb 6>; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; else else goto <D.1201>; goto <bb 7>; <D.1200>: <bb 6>: D.1199 = a + b; D.1199 = a + b; a = D.1199 + c; a = D.1199 + c; <D.1201>: <bb 7>: return; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  36. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 22/43 Control Flow Graph: Textual View test.c.004t.gimple test.c.013t.cfg <bb 5>: if (a <= 12) goto <bb 6>; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; else else goto <D.1201>; goto <bb 7>; <D.1200>: <bb 6>: D.1199 = a + b; D.1199 = a + b; a = D.1199 + c; a = D.1199 + c; <D.1201>: <bb 7>: return; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  37. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 22/43 Control Flow Graph: Textual View test.c.004t.gimple test.c.013t.cfg <bb 5>: if (a <= 12) goto <bb 6>; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; else else goto <D.1201>; goto <bb 7>; <D.1200>: <bb 6>: D.1199 = a + b; D.1199 = a + b; a = D.1199 + c; a = D.1199 + c; <D.1201>: <bb 7>: return; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  38. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 22/43 Control Flow Graph: Textual View test.c.004t.gimple test.c.013t.cfg <bb 5>: if (a <= 12) goto <bb 6>; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; else else goto <D.1201>; goto <bb 7>; <D.1200>: <bb 6>: D.1199 = a + b; D.1199 = a + b; a = D.1199 + c; a = D.1199 + c; <D.1201>: <bb 7>: return; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  39. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining GIMPLE Dumps 22/43 Control Flow Graph: Textual View test.c.004t.gimple test.c.013t.cfg <bb 5>: if (a <= 12) goto <bb 6>; if (a <= 12) goto <D.1200>; else else goto <D.1201>; goto <bb 7>; <D.1200>: <bb 6>: D.1199 = a + b; D.1199 = a + b; a = D.1199 + c; a = D.1199 + c; <D.1201>: <bb 7>: return; Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  40. OC A. Koch Compile-Fluß Aufbau GIMPLE IR Zwischendarstellung RTL RTL IR Optimierung 6 / 7

  41. Part 3 Examining RTL Dumps

  42. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  43. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ set ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) mem plus (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI plus mem 1 (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI reg 54 plus -4 (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) reg 54 -4 (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  44. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ set ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) mem plus (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI plus mem 1 (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI reg 54 plus -4 (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) reg 54 -4 (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  45. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 a is a local variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand allocated on stack (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ set ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) mem plus (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI plus mem 1 (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI reg 54 plus -4 (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) reg 54 -4 (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  46. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 a is a local variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand allocated on stack (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ set ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) mem plus (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI plus mem 1 (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI reg 54 plus -4 (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) reg 54 -4 (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  47. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 side-effect of plus may Dump file: test.c.144r.expand modify condition code register non-deterministically (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ parallel ( set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) set clobber (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI . . . . . . (mem/c/i:SI reg:CC (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  48. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 29/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (1) Translation of a = a + 1 Dump file: test.c.144r.expand Output with slim suffix {[r54:SI-0x4]=[r54:SI-0x4]+0x1; (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ clobber flags:CC; ( set (mem/c/i:SI } (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  49. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  50. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI Current Instruction (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  51. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI Previous Instruction (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  52. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI Next Instruction (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  53. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI Basic Block (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  54. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI File name: Line number (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  55. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI memory reference (mem/c/i:SI that does not trap (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  56. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI scalar that is not a (mem/c/i:SI part of an aggregate (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  57. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI register that (mem/c/i:SI holds a pointer (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  58. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 30/43 Additional Information in RTL (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI single integer (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 54 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [0xfffffffc])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:24 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  59. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 31/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (2) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a global variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 11 10 12 4 (set (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ]) (plus:SI (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 13 12 14 4 (set (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  60. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 31/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (2) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a global variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 11 10 12 4 (set (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) Load a into reg64 (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ]) (plus:SI (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 13 12 14 4 (set (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  61. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 31/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (2) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a global variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 11 10 12 4 (set (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) Load a into reg64 (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") reg63 = reg64 + 1 <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ]) (plus:SI (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 13 12 14 4 (set (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  62. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 31/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (2) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a global variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 11 10 12 4 (set (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) Load a into reg64 (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") reg63 = reg64 + 1 <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) store reg63 into a (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ (set (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ]) (plus:SI (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) (insn 13 12 14 4 (set (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  63. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 31/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (2) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a global variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 11 10 12 4 (set (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) Load a into reg64 (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") reg63 = reg64 + 1 <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) store reg63 into a (insn 12 11 13 4 (parallel [ Output with slim suffix (set (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ]) (plus:SI (reg:SI 64 [ a.0 ]) r64:SI=[‘a’] (const_int 1 [0x1]))) {r63:SI=r64:SI+0x1; (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) clobber flags:CC; ]) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) } [‘a’]=r63:SI (insn 13 12 14 4 (set (mem/c/i:SI (symbol_ref:SI ("a") <var_decl 0xb7d8d000 a>) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (reg:SI 63 [ a.1 ])) t.c:26 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  64. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 32/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (3) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  65. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 32/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (3) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand Access through argument pointer register instead of (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ frame pointer register (set (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  66. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 32/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (3) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand Access through argument pointer register instead of (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ frame pointer register (set No offset required? (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  67. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 32/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operations (3) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand Access through argument pointer register instead of (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ frame pointer register (set No offset required? (mem/c/i:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) Output with slim suffix (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI {[r53:SI]=[r53:SI]+0x1; (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) clobber flags:CC; (const_int 1 [0x1]))) } (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  68. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 33/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operation (4) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is the second formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  69. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 33/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operation (4) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is the second formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ (set Offset 4 added to the argument (mem/c/i:SI pointer register (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  70. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 33/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operation (4) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is the second formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ (set Offset 4 added to the argument (mem/c/i:SI pointer register (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) When a is the first parameter, its (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) offset is 0! (plus:SI (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  71. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 33/43 RTL for i386: Arithmetic Operation (4) Translation of a = a + 1 when a is the second formal parameter Dump file: test.c.144r.expand (insn 10 9 11 4 (parallel [ (set Offset 4 added to the argument (mem/c/i:SI pointer register (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) When a is the first parameter, its (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) offset is 0! (plus:SI Output with slim suffix (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI {[r53:SI+0x4]=[r53:SI+0x4]+0x1; (reg/f:SI 53 virtual-incoming-args) clobber flags:CC; (const_int 4 [0x4])) [0 a+0 S4 A32]) } (const_int 1 [0x1]))) (clobber (reg:CC 17 flags)) ]) t1.c:25 -1 (nil)) Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  72. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 34/43 RTL for spim: Arithmetic Operations Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a local variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand r39=stack($fp - 4) r40=r39+1 stack($fp - 4)=r40 (insn 7 6 8 4 (set (reg:SI 39) (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...])) -1 (nil)) (insn 8 7 9 4 test.c:6 (set (reg:SI 40) (plus:SI (reg:SI 39) (const_int 1 [...]))) -1 (nil)) (insn 9 8 10 4 test.c:6 (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...]) (reg:SI 40)) test.c:6 -1 (nil)) In spim, a variable is loaded into register to perform any instruction, hence three instructions are generated Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  73. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 34/43 RTL for spim: Arithmetic Operations Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a local variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand r39=stack($fp - 4) r40=r39+1 stack($fp - 4)=r40 (insn 7 6 8 4 (set (reg:SI 39) (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...])) -1 (nil)) (insn 8 7 9 4 test.c:6 (set (reg:SI 40) (plus:SI (reg:SI 39) (const_int 1 [...]))) -1 (nil)) (insn 9 8 10 4 test.c:6 (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...]) (reg:SI 40)) test.c:6 -1 (nil)) In spim, a variable is loaded into register to perform any instruction, hence three instructions are generated Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

  74. 1 July 2011 Graybox Probing-I: Examining RTL Dumps 34/43 RTL for spim: Arithmetic Operations Translation of a = a + 1 when a is a local variable Dump file: test.c.144r.expand r39=stack($fp - 4) r40=r39+1 stack($fp - 4)=r40 (insn 7 6 8 4 (set (reg:SI 39) (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...])) -1 (nil)) (insn 8 7 9 4 test.c:6 (set (reg:SI 40) (plus:SI (reg:SI 39) (const_int 1 [...]))) -1 (nil)) (insn 9 8 10 4 test.c:6 (set (mem/c/i:SI (plus:SI (reg/f:SI 33 virtual-stack-vars) (const_int -4 [...])) [...]) (reg:SI 40)) test.c:6 -1 (nil)) In spim, a variable is loaded into register to perform any instruction, hence three instructions are generated Essential Abstractions in GCC GCC Resource Center, IIT Bombay

Recommend

11/8/2012 The Structure of a Compiler (2) The Structure of a Compiler (1) Any compiler must

11/8/2012 The Structure of a Compiler (2) The Structure of a Compiler (1) Any compiler must

11/8/2012 The Structure of a Compiler (2) The Structure of a Compiler (1) Any compiler must perform two major tasks Sourc rce Progra ram Tokens Syntactic Semantic Scanner Parser Structure re Routines (Chara racter r St Stre

690 views • 22 slides
Compiler Construction Chapter 11 1 Compiler Construction Compiler Construction A New Compiler

Compiler Construction Chapter 11 1 Compiler Construction Compiler Construction A New Compiler

Compiler Construction Chapter 11 1 Compiler Construction Compiler Construction A New Compiler Perhaps a new source language Perhaps a new target for an existing compiler Perhaps both 2 Compiler Construction Compiler Construction

661 views • 18 slides
252-210: Compiler Design 1.1 Simple compiler model 1.2

252-210: Compiler Design 1.1 Simple compiler model 1.2

252-210: Compiler Design 1.1 Simple compiler model 1.2 Admin issues Thomas R. Gross Computer Science Department ETH Zurich, Switzerland 1.1

1.27k views • 46 slides
Introduction to YACC Some slides borrowed from Louden YACC Yet Another Compiler Compiler

Introduction to YACC Some slides borrowed from Louden YACC Yet Another Compiler Compiler

Introduction to YACC Some slides borrowed from Louden YACC Yet Another Compiler Compiler Written by Steve Johnson at Bell Labs (1975) Bison: Gnu version by Corbett and Stallman (1985) Takes a grammar and produces a parser

975 views • 61 slides
Towards a formally verified obfuscating compiler Sandrine Blazy joint work with Roberto Giacobazzi

Towards a formally verified obfuscating compiler Sandrine Blazy joint work with Roberto Giacobazzi

Towards a formally verified obfuscating compiler Sandrine Blazy joint work with Roberto Giacobazzi and Alix Trieu IFIP WG 1.9/2.15, 2015-07-16 1 Background: verifying a compiler Compiler + proof that the compiler does not introduce bugs

553 views • 24 slides
Multicore debugging from a SW compiler perspective Marco Roodzant, marco@ace.nl ACE Associated

Multicore debugging from a SW compiler perspective Marco Roodzant, marco@ace.nl ACE Associated

MAD2013 Multicore debugging from a SW compiler perspective Marco Roodzant, marco@ace.nl ACE Associated Compiler Experts Amsterdam, The Netherlands Products and services for professional compiler developers www.ace.nl version Presentation

272 views • 10 slides
Concepts Introduced in Chapter 9 introduction to compiler optimizations basic blocks and

Concepts Introduced in Chapter 9 introduction to compiler optimizations basic blocks and

Concepts Introduced in Chapter 9 introduction to compiler optimizations basic blocks and control flow graphs local optimizations global optimizations 1 EECS 665 Compiler Construction Compiler Optimizations Compiler

454 views • 24 slides
Compiler Construction Lecture 19: Code Generation V (Compiler Backend) Winter Semester 2018/19

Compiler Construction Lecture 19: Code Generation V (Compiler Backend) Winter Semester 2018/19

Compiler Construction Lecture 19: Code Generation V (Compiler Backend) Winter Semester 2018/19 Thomas Noll Software Modeling and Verification Group RWTH Aachen University https://moves.rwth-aachen.de/teaching/ws-1819/cc/ The Compiler Backend

1.27k views • 59 slides
Compiler Construction Lecture 2: Compiler Structure and Lexical Analysis 2020-01-10 Michael

Compiler Construction Lecture 2: Compiler Structure and Lexical Analysis 2020-01-10 Michael

Compiler Construction Lecture 2: Compiler Structure and Lexical Analysis 2020-01-10 Michael Engel Includes material by Jan Christian Meyer .org Theoretical and practical exercises TA: Lahiru Rasnayake Six problem sets, one every

867 views • 30 slides
CSE 401: Introduction to Compiler Construction Course Outline Goals: Compiler front-ends:

CSE 401: Introduction to Compiler Construction Course Outline Goals: Compiler front-ends:

CSE 401: Introduction to Compiler Construction Course Outline Goals: Compiler front-ends: lexical analysis (scanning): characters tokens learn principles &amp; practice of language implementation syntactic analysis (parsing):

660 views • 11 slides
Page 1 Linker Operation Linker Operation Classify all program symbols as either: A strong

Page 1 Linker Operation Linker Operation Classify all program symbols as either: A strong

Assignment for Tues Last Time Read Getting the Least out of Your C Looked at ColdFire and ARM in depth Compiler linked to course web page Today m.c a.c Compiler Compiler Tools and toolchains for embedded m.o a.o

279 views • 6 slides
1 Specifying Grammar with JavaCUP Abstract Syntax Tree for Memory Layout Example JavaCUP example

1 Specifying Grammar with JavaCUP Abstract Syntax Tree for Memory Layout Example JavaCUP example

CS 453: Compiler Construction Review Structure of the MiniJava Compiler Analysis Synthesis Phases of the compiler lexicographical analysis, or scanning (regular expressions) character stream syntactic analysis, or parsing (context

505 views • 4 slides
AI Compiler @ Alibaba Xiaoyong Liu Presenting the work of many people PAI (Platform of AI)

AI Compiler @ Alibaba Xiaoyong Liu Presenting the work of many people PAI (Platform of AI)

AI Compiler @ Alibaba Xiaoyong Liu Presenting the work of many people PAI (Platform of AI) Alibaba Cloud Intelligence AI Compiler Stack PAI PAI EAS PAI Tensorflow PAI Blade AI Compiler High Performance libraries TVM PAI TAO CPU

1.97k views • 21 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 114 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 114 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 114 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Saturday 14 th December, 2019 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 6 Roadmap Code Generation: Compiler Construction 2 / 114 Constants

1.37k views • 114 slides
What is a Compiler? A compiler translates a source specification into a target specification.

What is a Compiler? A compiler translates a source specification into a target specification.

8/27/2012 What is a Compiler? A compiler translates a source specification into a target specification. Traditionally, we consider compilers that take a source language and produce CS 1622: target (machine) code. However, there can be many

305 views • 3 slides
Compiler Construction Christian Rinderknecht 31 October 2008 1 Why study compiler construction?

Compiler Construction Christian Rinderknecht 31 October 2008 1 Why study compiler construction?

Compiler Construction Christian Rinderknecht 31 October 2008 1 Why study compiler construction? Few professionals design and write compilers. So why teach how to make compilers? A good software/telecom engineer understands the high-level

1.27k views • 80 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 54 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Tuesday

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 54 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Tuesday

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 54 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Tuesday 10 th December, 2019 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 5 Agenda tail-call-optimization Compiler Construction 2 / 54 Intuition

670 views • 54 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 193 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Friday

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 193 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Friday

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 193 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Friday 23 rd October, 2020 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 1 Goals Agenda Compiler Construction 2 / 193 Establishing common language

2.24k views • 193 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 112 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 112 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 112 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Thursday 3 rd December, 2020 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 3 Roadmap Compiler Construction 2 / 112 Expressions in Scheme The

1.47k views • 112 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 87 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 87 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 87 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Wednesday 22 nd January, 2020 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 10 Goals Compiler Construction 2 / 87 Asynchronous Computing

1.27k views • 87 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 111 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 111 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 111 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Tuesday 10 th December, 2019 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 3 Roadmap Compiler Construction 2 / 111 Expressions in Scheme The

1.33k views • 111 slides
Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 177 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 177 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University

Compiler Construction Compiler Construction 1 / 177 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Saturday 2 nd November, 2019 Mayer Goldberg \ Ben-Gurion University Chapter 2 Goals Agenda Compiler Construction 2 / 177 The pipeline of the

2.15k views • 177 slides
0 Correct Programming Compiler Compiler Hardware Language P Syntax PL compile P P PL HW

0 Correct Programming Compiler Compiler Hardware Language P Syntax PL compile P P PL HW

Bridging the Gap between Programming Languages and Hardware Weak Memory Models Anton Podkopaev Ori Lahav Viktor Vafeiadis 0 Correct Programming Compiler Compiler Hardware Language P Syntax PL compile P P PL HW PL HW is Memory Model

980 views • 74 slides
What does the compiler actually do with my code? An introduction to the C++ ABI Filip

What does the compiler actually do with my code? An introduction to the C++ ABI Filip

What does the compiler actually do with my code? An introduction to the C++ ABI Filip Strmbck 1 Introduction 2 What is an ABI? 3 Object layout 4 Function calls 5 Virtual functions 6 Exceptions What does the compiler actually do with my

714 views • 60 slides

More recommend