OntoLife : An Ontology for Semantically Managing Personal Information Eleni Kargioti , Efstratios Kontopoulos, Nick Bassiliades Dept. of Informatics Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Thessaloniki, Greece AIAI 2009
Scope of this work Explore role of ontologies in semantically managing personal knowledge An ontology for modeling the domain of biographical events is proposed and evaluated 2 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Introduction: Personal Knowledge Management and the Semantic Web Need to organize a huge volume of personal information. The various software tools provide isolated solutions. A unified way for managing personal information is necessary. Ontologies are used to structure and semantically annotate raw information, to allow its interoperability, reuse and effective search by non-human agents Formalisms to model the domain of biographical events: – FOAF – ResumeRDF – HR-XML None is wide enough to be suitable to serve our purposes. 3 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Proposed ontology: OntoLife Name: OntoLife Scope: model life by describing a person’s – characteristics – relationships – experiences Compatible with: OWL Full Developed with: Protégé ontology editor 4 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Person Basic entity: Person Based on Foaf: Person (Friend Of A Friend, http://xmlns.com/foaf/spec/) – Extended with additional properties – Biological descriptors hasEducation hasBiologicalDescriptors Education date / place of birth, gender, height… hasWorkExperience Demographic descriptors Work experience hasDemographiclDescriptors nationality, religious beliefs, marital status … hasSkills_Qualifications Skills and Qualifications hasLegalIdentifiers hasLanguageSkills Legal identifiers Languages skills hasContactMethod identity cards, visa, citizenship, … hasPostalAddress hasMilitaryExperience Military experience hasResidenceAddress Contact methods hasTelephoneNumber postal / electronic addresses. hasMedicalHistory hasOnlineAddress Medical history telephones… hasTraveled Travelling experiencedEvent experiencedPeriod Event Period 5 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Subclasses of Person External ontologies: http://vocab.org/relationship/ – http://users.auth.gr/~elkar/thesis/FamilyTree.owl – Aunt Parent hasGender has FemaleG hasChild ≥1 (E marriedTo (hasNephews ≥ 1)) ⊔ (E hasBrothers (hasChild ≥ 1)) Mother Uncle hasGender = FemaleG Foaf:Person hasGender has MaleG (E marriedTo (hasNephews ≥ 1)) Father ⊔ (E hasBrothers (hasChild ≥ 1)) hasGender = MaleG Sister Foaf:Person hasGender has FemaleG Acquaintance GrandParent Coworker Colleague Neighbor Tutor hasBrothers ≥ 1 acquaintanceOf ≥1 hasChild (hasChild ≥1) worksWith ≥1 colleagueOf ≥1 neighborOf ≥1 tutorOf ≥1 Brother GrandMother hasGender has MaleG hasGender = FemaleG hasBrothers ≥ 1 GrandFather Friend HeadEmpl hasGender = MaleG friendOf ≥1 headEmplOf ≥1 Child Niece hasParent ≥1 + hasParent ≤2 hasGender has FemaleG CloseFriend (hasAunt ≥ 1) ⊔ (hasUncle ≥ 1) closeFriendOf ≥1 Daughter Nephew hasGender = FemaleG hasGender has MaleG (hasAunt ≥ 1) ⊔ (hasUncle ≥ 1) Son 6 hasGender = MaleG 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Period Time periods in the life of a person Includes – Place(s) where it took place and duration date(s) Involved person(s) and organisation(s) Related (official or not) evaluation of the period Education Attended At* EducationalOrg Related to Event(s) (inverse property) – Has Course Course Has Degree Certificate_Diploma Basic subclasses – Has Award Award_Distinction Has Publication umbc: Publication Has Project umbc: Project Travel Travelled To* Place Reason For Travel ReasonForTravel WorkExperience Travel Expenses Money Period (* minCardinality ≥1) employed At* Organisation Travelled By MeanOfTransport From Date*: xsd:date Position Title xsd:string To Date: xsd:date Position Description xsd:string Takes Place: Place Has WorkProject umbc: Project Has Salary Money People involved:Person Organisation involved: Organisation MilitaryExperience Evaluated As: Evaluation military Unit* xsd:string Related event: Event Military Degree xsd:string MedicalHistory sickness_injuryDesc* xsd:string Has Medication Medication Medical Examination MedicalExaminationEvent 7 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Event Events in a person’s life Includes – Place(s) where it took place, date it occurred, weather conditions Involved person(s) and organisation(s) Its scope and (possible) periodicity Related (official or not) evaluation(s) Related to Period(s) (inverse property) – Basic subclasses – PurchaseEvent Shipped By CompanyOrg Shipped To Person Bill To Person hasItems* ItemsCollection Event Shipment Date xsd:date Specific Date xsd:date discount Money End Date xsd:date Purchased Event Number xsd:int Has Weather WeatherObservation Total Price Money Has Scope EventScope FamilyEvent People Involved Person People Involved some-values-from Family Organisation Involved Organisation hasScope has-value Family_EventScope Evaluated As Evaluation Is Periodical TimeInterval During Period Period MedicalExaminationEvent Type Of Examination xsd:string Pathological Area xsd:string 8 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Resource and rest of subclasses Basic class: Resource Name, description, timeliness, related file – The rest classes are subclasses of this main class – Organisation Entity functional name * xsd:string description xsd:string Non-Profit Org functional is Current * xsd:boolean Restriction on property mime File foaf:Document ⊔ foaf:Image Company Org Restriction on property Evaluation Place Educational Org Formal Evaluation Weather Observation Restriction on property Self Assessment Evaluation Time Interval Academic Org Restriction on property Free Text Evaluation Web Page School Org Disability Info Account_ ID Restriction on property Bank Account Medication Non-Governmental Org Restriction on property Online Account Items Collection Governmental Org Certificate_ Diploma Product Restriction on property Award_ Distinction Money Public Governmental Services Org Detailed Lang Evaluation Restriction on property 9 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Auxiliary Enumeration classes owl:Thing Enumeration Classes Reason For Travel Tel Type {Business, Pleasure, {Landline, Mobile, Fax, Pager} MiscPersonalArrangement} Public Sector Scope { Regional, National, European, International } Mean Of Transport Contact Usage { Foot, Bicycle, Motorcycle, {Personal, Professional} Automobile, Train, Airplane, Ship } Educational Level { Elementary, Secondary, Higher } Precipitation Contact Availability {Snow, Rain, Fog, Thunderstorm, {on24_7basis , OfficeHours, Sleet, Drizzle, Hail} Evenings } Marital Status { Single, Married, Divorced, Event Scope Gender Widowed } { Personal, Family, Regional, {Female, Male} National, Global } 10 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
OntoLife: Imported Classes Imported classes for external ontologies ISO 3166, ISO 639 OASIS (Organization for the Advancement of – Structured Information Standards) Countries: http://psi.oasis-open.org/iso/3166 Languages: http://psi.oasis-open.org/iso/639 UMBC eBiquity Research Group - Computer Science and Electrical – Engineering of the University of Maryland, Baltimore Publications: http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/ontology/publication.owl Projects: http://ebiquity.umbc.edu/ontology/project.owl umbc:Publication iso: country editor, abstract, edition, chapter, series, Code-a2 pages, volume, number, note, address, Code-a3 organisation, journal, book title, school, institution, publisher, counter, google Key, google Citations iso: language umbc:Project Code-a2 tag, description, title, Logo URI, Code-a3t Start Date, End Date, Associated With, Code-a3b Related Publication, Related Resource, Related Research Area 11 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Ontology Evaluation: Criteria-based evaluation Methodology: Specific requirements that the ontology needs to 1. satisfy are defined. Each requirement is mapped to a criterion. 2. Suitable measures are selected and related to each 3. criterion to quantitatively assess each requirement. 12 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Ontology Evaluation: Criteria-based evaluation Requirements: “Real-life” terms for class names. 1. Balanced number of subclasses ( facilitate effective 2. annotation, prevent confusion). Richness of attributes and relationships. 3. Cycles and other errors should be avoided. 4. 13 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Ontology Evaluation: Criteria-based evaluation Req Criterion Measures 1 st Semantic Quality Interpretability , Concept Paths 2 nd Expandability/Coverage Class tree depth, breath and branching factor 14 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
Ontology Evaluation: Criteria-based evaluation Req Criterion Measures 3 rd Ontology richness criterion Attribute and relationship richness 4 th Minimal Ontological Use of ontology validators commitment criterion Ontology was identified as OWL Full compatible, while no errors were indicated. 15 24 April 2009 AIAI 2009
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