On the value of a GNS in Informatjon-Centric Network Architectures V. Arun University of Massachusetus Amherst 1
What is ICN? ICN Named informatjon is a central architectural principle [ICNRG] • Ofuen contrasted against TCP/IP’s host-to-host IP-address- centric (locatjon-dependent) communicatjon abstractjon [ICNRG] htups://irtg.org/icnrg U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 2
Locatjon-independence An abstractjon to communicate using fjxed names without worrying about (changing) locatjons . get(“Alice’s webpage”) HTTP send(“Bob’s phone”, msg) UDP/SMS connect(“BofA banking service”) TCP Why is today’s Internet not locatjon-independent? [ICNRG] htups://irtg.org/icnrg “data becomes independent from locatjon…" U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 3
Internet confmates locatjon and identjty mobility app app B B device_name service_name multjhoming X socket socket 128.119.240.93 B B B B B B TCP/UDP B B content_name IP All communicatjon must be straitjacketed to an IP- addressable, host-to-host communicatjon primitjve U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 4
Locatjon-independent network architectures ROFL Host-centric: HIP SEATTLE NDN Serval Informatjon-centric: TRIAD LISP PURSUIT DONA i3 LNA XIA MobilityFirst Locatjon independence (and informatjon centrism?) not incompatjble with presence of locator hints [ICNRG] htups://irtg.org/icnrg U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 5
FUNDAMENTAL APPROACHES TO LOCATION INDEPENDENCE U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 6
Locatjon independence mobility Locatjon independence largely matuers only when locators change frequently a.k.a. mobility U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 7
Approaches for handling mobility A? A A B B R A A U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 8
Indirectjon routjng A A 1 4 B B FA 2 A A 3 HA Indirectjon entails data path stretch (steps 3 and 4) U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 9
Name-to-address resolutjon GNS A 2 A 1 3 A A 4 B B Lookup/update overhead but no data path stretch U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 10
Name-based routjng A A 1 3 A A B 2 B Update cost? FIB size? Path stretch? U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 11
Research fjndings A logically centralized GNS can signifjcantly enhance mobility support for any network architecture • Empirical analysis [GVKH14] • Modeling-driven analysis [CKV18] • [ GVKH14 ] Z. Gao. A. Venkataramani, J. Kurose, S. Hiemlicher, A Quantjtatjve Comparison of Locatjon-Independent Network Architectures, ACM SIGCOMM 2014 • [ CKV18 ] V. Chagantj, J. Kurose, A. Venkataramani, A cross-architectural quantjtatjve evaluatjon of mobility approaches, IEEE INFOCOM 2018 U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 12
MOBILITYFIRST GNS U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 13
MobilityFirst: Mobility-Centric + Trustworthy Key insight : A logically centralized global name service can dramatjcally enhance seamless mobility, security, and rich network functjonality • Name-based communicatjon abstractjon enabled by self- certjfying GUIDs (globally unique identjfjers) U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 15
Scalable global name service (GNS) f0:56:81:c1:c0:eb interface node1.cs.umass.edu device Global name service (GNS) Global name service (GNS) arun’s phone service netglix.com/<object> content devices in [lat,long,radius] group of names A massively scalable, logically centralized GNS to enable secure, name-based communicatjon with fmexible endpoint principals with arbitrary (fjxed) names despite high mobility. U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 16
GNS DEEPER DIVE U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 17
Why GNS critjcal to handle mobility Global name service Pre-lookup mobility Pre-lookup mobility Bob’s address? ? Bob s s e r Connect-tjme mobility d IP 2 IP 5 IP 7 d a Alice IP 3 s ’ e Individual mobility c i IP 1 l IP 4 A IP 6 Simultaneous mobility GNS critjcal or can signifjcantly benefjt mobility handling in any network architecture U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 18
DNS limitatjons Authoritatjve name- server ns.xyz.net Passive caching DNS DNS . Single root of trust Statjc placement Load α 1/TTL Mobility D N cache F Latency α 1/TTL Mobility e S edu com net S d Hierarchical names E e C r a node1.xyz.net k “JohnSmith2178@Amherst” tj e yahoo cnn umass o y “Living room chandelier” n c h “Taxis near Times Square” a cs ece i n U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 19
GNS: Decoupling certjfjcatjon and resolutjon Domain name system Global name system Root name service (ICANN, Name Certjfjcate US. Dept. of Commerce) 2 2 certjfjcatjon search services services TLD name GUID=X, GNS=Auspice 3 3 Auspice-like Name: “Alice’s phone” Managed services global name DNS services services 3 3 getAddress(X) 1 1 4 Auth. 4 [IP 1 , IP 2 ,…] name services 4 4 1 1 Local name Local name services services 0 0 U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 20
Open-source GNS for community use htups://github.com/MobilityFirst/GNS Currently being used as a foundatjon for Light-Speed Networking (LSN) ICN-WEN project and being beta- tested in several pre-productjon pilot deployments U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 21
CONTEXTUAL COMMUNICATION DRIVEN BY GNS U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 22
Contextual Communicatjon Ability to communicate based on (changing) aturibute values (or context), e.g., • send(msg, [lat, lon, radius]) • get(cam_recording, type=“4K”, building=”CSAIL”, tjme=3pm) U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 23
Context-based communicatjon msocket.bind([Ulat, long, radius]) At source: CAID {UT 1 , T 2 , …, T k } // get terminal networks At terminal n/w: CAID {Umembers(CAID) | T i } // late binding msocket.send(msg) GUID i [UT i ,{“type” ”yellowcab”,“geo” ”Times Sq.”}] msg msg msg msg msg GUID i CAID Global name service CAID members(CAID) {UT 1 , T 2 , …, T k } 24 {T 1 ,T 2 ,…,T k } send_data(CAID,T 1 ) CAID T 1 send_data(CAID,T 2 ) T 2 send_data(CAID,T 3 ) T k U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 24
Why GNS for contextual communicatjon Key insight : “Solving” the problem of high mobility in a network locatjon space naturally generalizes to mobility in any aturibute space U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 25
Apps: Hazardous weather warning CASA Alerts : Collaboratjve Adaptjve Sensing of the Atmosphere U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 26
Apps: Campus emergency management EM web dashboard Alertjng app Functjonal prototype being Proprietary third-party sensor data streams pilot-trialed at UMass; ( open-source ) followed by UCSD Contextual cloud engine U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences
Research challenges Scalability : Balancing frequent updates and distributed search in a scalable manner Privacy : Ensure provider privacy, i.e., even GNS service provider must not be able to access or infer ACL- protected sensitjve contextual atuributes Programmable APIs : Simple robust APIs for app developers to build contextual applocatjons U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 28
Discussion U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 29
BACKUP U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 30
High device mobility norm, not exceptjon 370+ users, 14+ months 20% of users change over 10 addresses per day Z. Gao, A. Venkataramani, J. Kurose, S. Heimlicher, Towards a Quantjtatjve Comparison of Locatjon-Independent Network Architectures, ACM Sigcomm 2014 U NIVERSITY OF M ASSACHUSETTS A MHERST • College of Information and Computer Sciences 31
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