Evaluating Universal Sufficiency of a Single Logical Form for Inference in Court AI & Evidentiary Inference Workshop in conjunction with ICAIL 2011 June 10, 2011 Joseph A. Laronge Oregon Department of Justice joseph.laronge@gmail.com http://inferenceincourt.com
Today I am going to explore with you universal sufficiency of a single mode of inference and logical form for inference in court. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
It is called… Defeasible Class-Inclusion Transitivity term logic or just DCIT (pronounced dee ● kit). Joseph A. Laronge 2011
DCIT is a defeasible categorical logic that is a development from term- functor logic designed by Fred Sommers and further explored by George Englebretsen. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
Sommers demonstrated that all assertions (e.g. compound statements and relationals) could be shown to be categorical in plain natural language. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
This is an Canary example of classical yellow categorical logic with monadic color terms. [nested categorical containers] Joseph A. Laronge 2011
But, the Canary conclusion is false since yellow “yellow” is not essentially color predicated of a canary, such as “bird.” Joseph A. Laronge 2011
By comparison, The canary… DCIT translates all premises into …is yellow. a categorical form and parses …is a color. them into the Subject and Complex Predicate. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
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The canary ...is yellow The canary is …is a not illuminated color by a yellow light. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
DCIT LINKED PREMISES # COMPLEX SUBJECT COMPLEX PREDICATE The canary … … is yellow. 1 One that … …is yellow… ... is a color. 2 CONCLUSION The canary … ...is a color. ASSUMPTIONS TO LINKED PREMISES 1 The canary is not illuminated by a yellow light. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
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The issue is whether “ Barack ” belongs to the category “ is a natural born citizen of the United States . ” Barack... ? ...is a natural born citizen of the United States. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
Defendant contends that “ Barack ” does belong to the category “ is a natural born citizen of the United States . ” Barack... ...is a natural born citizen of the United States. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
The defendant needs to connect the dots to the satisfaction of the judge in this DCIT predicate dots map. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
The defendant ’ s claim: “ Barack is a natural born citizen of the United States. ” Joseph A. Laronge 2011
Defendant ’ s perception of probative weight is 100%. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
This same contention or claim is depicted in a DCIT template. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
The judge does not, however, perceive any connection (e.g., acceptability) to the claim. Joseph A. Laronge 2011
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JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF Barack… 100 So the defendant suggests an intervening … was born in Hawaii. predicate to bridge the 100 gap, thereby, creating two premises. Joseph A. Laronge 2011 …is a natural born citizen 100 of the United States.
Joseph A. Laronge 2011
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF Barack… The judge perceives a ? connection (some acceptability) for the … was born in Hawaii. second nexus, but not for the first one. Joseph A. Laronge 2011 …is a natural born citizen of the United States.
DCIT LINKED PREMISES COMPLEX # COMPLEX SUBJECT PREDICATE Barack … ??? 1 ??? …was born in Hawaii. One such who... …was born in One such ...is a natural born Hawaii… 2 who... citizen of the United States. CONCLUSION Barack … ... is a natural born citizen of the United Joseph A. Laronge 2011 States. ASSUMPTIONS TO LINKED PREMISES # Not Indicated
So the defendant suggests an intervening predicate to bridge the gap between “ Barack ” and “ was born in Hawaii. ” Joseph A. Laronge 2011
Barack... ...was issued a Hawaiian Certificate of Live Birth. ...was born in Hawaii. ...is a natural born citizen of the United Joseph A. Laronge 2011 States.
Joseph A. Laronge 2011
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF Barack… …is NOT a START 40 natural born citizen of the 100 United …was iss ued a States. Hawaiian Certificate of Live Birth. 100 …might have 40 had parents who were … was born in legal residents Hawaii. of Hawaii who 60 applied under the born-out- Joseph A. Laronge 2011 of-state …is a natural exception born citizen of 60 under Section the United 338-17.8. States. FINISH
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF THE PREMISE Barack… THAT START “ Barack was issued a 100 …was iss ued a Hawaiian Hawaiian Certificate of Live Certificate of Live Birth” 40 Birth. IS 100 INCONSISTENT 60 WITH … was born in DEFENDANT’S Hawaii. OTHER CLAIM. 60 …is a natural born citizen of Joseph A. Laronge 2011 the United States. 60 FINISH
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF FINISH …is NOT a natural born 50 citizen of the United States. 50 … was born in Kenya. START Barack… Barack … 100 START … was born in Hawaii. 50 Joseph A. Laronge 2011 … is a natural born citizen of the 50 United States. FINISH
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF Barack… 100 …had his …was birth issued a announce Hawaiian ment Certificate published 30 60 of Live in the Birth. Honolulu Advertiser on August … was born 80 4, 1961. in Hawaii. …is a Joseph A. Laronge 2011 natural born 80 citizen of the United FINISH States.
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF START …may NOT be a …is NOT a Barack … natural born natural born citizen of the citizen of the United States. …had his birth United States. announcement published in the Honolulu …might have had …might have had …was the birth Advertiser on parents who were issued a announcement August 4, legal residents of Hawaiian published 1961. Hawaii who Certificate of erroneously. applied under the Live Birth. born-out-of-state exception under Section 338-17.8. … was born in Hawaii. Joseph A. Laronge 2011 …is a natural born citizen of the United States. FINISH
JUDGE DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF FINISH START FINISH Joseph A. Laronge 2011
JUDGE PLAINTIFF DEFENDANT START Level 1 Barack… The Witness ... was not biased in …. was born in Hawaii, favor of citizenship .. 100 according to witness Governor Ambercrombie. ANCILLARY ASSUMPTION Level 2 The Witness ... was in a position to know. 100 …was born in Hawaii. NECESSARY ASSUMPTION Level 2 Joseph A. Laronge 2011 …is a natural born citizen of 100 the United States. FINISH
…. was born in Hawaii, Barack… …was born in Hawaii. …is a natural born citizen of according to witness the United States. Governor Ambercrombie. LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 2 Joseph A. Laronge 2011 The witness ... ...was not biased The witness ... ...was in a in favor of citizenship. position to know.
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