O. Boissier (1) , J.F. Hbner (1,2) , R. Kitio (1) , M. Piunti (3) , - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

O. Boissier (1) , J.F. Hübner (1,2) , R. Kitio (1) , M. Piunti (3) , A. Ricci (3) , J.S. Sichman (4) (4) LTI/USP (1) MAS/G2I/ENSM.SE (2) GIA/DSC/FURB (3) DEIS/Univ. Bologna Brazil France Brazil Italy Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

1. Introduction 2. Global picture of MOISE Framework 3. MOISE Organisation Modeling Language 4. MOISE Organisation Management Infrastructure 5. Conclusion and Perspectives Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Contract C1 E-Alliance Agent for the management of the Alliance Agent for the management of the Contracts on behalf of a Printshop [Castellani 03] Agent for the management of Negotiations on behalf of a Printshop [Hübner 05] Agent for the user-interaction with a Printshop Environment Interaction Organisation Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• Organisation in MAS is a purposive supra-agent pattern of emergent or ( pre ) defined agents cooperation, that could be defined by the designer or by the agents themselves.  Pattern of emergent/potential cooperation • Organisation entity, institution, social relations, commitments  Pattern of (pre)defined cooperation • Organizational structure, norms, … Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Agenda Agenda Agenda Portfolio Portfolio Portfolio Artefacts Jason Jadex Jack 2APL Org. Mod. Lang. FIPA-ACL – Int. Prot. Organisation Interaction Environment MAS Services Infrastructure Infrastructure Infrastructure “Multi-Agent Platform” AMS DF ACC • How do we engineer Environment, Interaction, Organisation, Agent ? • What is the control flow between E, I, O and A ? Agent Environment Interaction Organisation Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Agent Centred Agents know Agents don’t know about organisation about organisation Organisation Centred Local
Representation
 Designer / Observer Organisation Specification Bottom-up Top-down Organisation Entity Observed Organisation Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Agent Centred Social Reasoning Swarms, AMAS, SASO Coalition formation Self-organisations … Contract Net Protocol … Organisation is observed. Organisation is observed. Implicitly programmed Coalition formation in Agents, Interactions, mechanisms programmed Environment. in Agents. Agents know Agents don’t know about organisation about organisation AOSE TAEMS, STEAM, AGR MASE, GAIA, MESSAGE, … MOISE+, OPERA, … Organisation is Organisation-Oriented a design model. Development of MAS It is hard-coded in Agents Organisation Centred Local
Representation
 Designer / Observer Organisation Specification Bottom-up Top-down Organisation Entity Observed Organisation Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

1. Introduction 2. Global picture of MOISE Framework 3. MOISE Organisation Modeling Language 4. MOISE Organisation Management Infrastructure 5. Conclusion and Perspectives Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• The MOISE Framework is a normative MultiAgent System: • “A multiagent system organized by means of mechanisms to represent, communicate, distribute, detect, create, modify, and enforce norms , and mechanisms to deliberate about norms and detect norm violation and fulfilment.” [Boella et al. 08] • That manages Normative MultiAgent Organisations • Norms are part of the the organisation specification • Expressed in the Organisation Specification, Organisation Entity • Anchored/situated in the organisation, i.e. norms refer to organisational concepts (roles, groups, …) • Mechanisms are complemented with organisation management mechanisms Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

MAS “Multi-Agent Platform” AMS DF ACC Infrastructure/Platforms for MAS in which domain agents operate on top of a middleware layer  Supporting the implementation of agents  Providing fundamental global generic services e.g. JADE, FIPA-OS, SACI, … Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• Explicit representation of Organisation • Agents are able to ‘‘reason’’ about the organisation to enter into/leave from the organisation during execution • Agents are able to ‘‘reason’’ about the organisation to change/adapt the organisation • Agents are able to ‘‘reason’’ about the organisation to obey/disobey the organisation • Organisation is no more a regimentation Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Deontic Specification (DS) MAS “Multi-Agent Platform” AMS DF ACC Functional Specification (FS) Structural Specification (SS) Organisation Modeling Language (OML): Declarative specification of Multi-Agent Organisation(s), collecting and expressing specific constraints and cooperation patterns imposed on the agents e.g. AGR [Ferber 98], Teamwork [Tambe 98], Islander [Esteva 01], Moise+ [Hubner 02], … Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• Three different levels of representation: Deontic Specification (DS ) Normative Organisation Specification Structural Specification (SS) Functional Specification (FS) Normative Organisation attacker leader back Entity back Internal Normative Organisation Entities Agent Authority link Interaction Link Role Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• Regimented Norms prevent agents’ autonomy • e.g. ‘‘ the access to computers requires an username ’’ • e.g. in organisation defined with MOISE+: roles which cardinality is full cannot be adopted, agents cannot adopt incompatible roles • It is necessary to manage their status and to prevent their violation • Enforced Norms regulate agents’ autonomy • e.g. ‘‘ a master thesis should be written in two years ’’ • e.g. in organisation defined with MOISE+: based on its roles, an agent is obliged to commit to certain missions, based on its missions, an agent is obliged to achieve some goals • It is necessary to manage their status, to decide about their violation and to apply sanctions Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Organisation Modeling Language (OML) : Declarative specification of the Organisation(s), collecting and expressing Programs cooperation patterns as specific norms (regimented and Specifies enforceable) imposed on the agents in a particular context Describes e.g. AGR [Ferber 98], Teamwork [Tambe 98], Islander [Esteva 01], Moise+ [Hubner 02] Organisation Management Infrastructure (OMI): Manages • Coordination mechanisms : enabling aspects Regulates • Regulation mechanisms : governing aspects e.g. Madkit [Gutknecht 98], Karma [Pynadath 03], Ameli [Esteva 04], S-Moise+ [Hubner 05], SYNAI [Gateau 07], … Organisation-awareness agent mechanisms: • Interaction mechanisms with the OMI • Reasoning mechanisms transforming agents into organisation- deliberative agent to modify, obey/violate the norms, … e.g. Jason-MOISE [Hubner 06], Autonomy based reasoning [Carabelea 07] Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

1. Introduction 2. Global picture of MOISE Framework 3. MOISE Organisation Modeling Language MOISE+, MOISE inst , … 4. MOISE Organisation Management Infrastructure 5. Conclusion and Perspectives Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

• M odel of O rganisation for mult I -agent S yst E ms [Hannoun 98, Hübner 03] • http://moise.sourceforge.net/ • Distinguishes three main dimensions in the organisation of a Multi-Agent System: • Structural Specification • Functional Specification • Deontic Specification Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Graphical view of SoccerGame Application Organisation Entity SS : 3-5-2 from OS 3-5-2 soc Marcos goalkeeper Lucio player coach Edmilson back Roque Jr. 1..2 leader Cafu Gilberto Silva back middle Juninho middle 3..3 5..5 Ronaldinho attacker Roberto Carlos leader goalkeeper 2..2 Ronaldo 0..1 0..1 attacker Rivaldo 1..1 1..1 1..1 attack • Roles team • Links defense 1..1 • Groups Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

Graphical view of SoccerGame Application FS Social Scheme : side_attack m1, m2, m3 Score a goal m3 m1 Shot at the === Get the ball opponent’s goal m2 Kick the ball to m1 the goal area m2 Go toward the Go to the opponent opponent field m2 back line Be placed in the middle field m1 Kick the ball to the agent m3 Committed to m2 Be placed in the opponent goal area mission goal sequence choice parallelisme Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009

 Explicit relation between the functional and structural specifications • Permissions and obligations to commit to missions in the context of a role • To make explicit the normative dimension of a role Role Deontic Mission Temporal Constraint Relation (cf. [carron 01] ) Back Permission m1 In [0 30] Middle Obligation m2 during [Attacker] Attacker Obligation m3 Any Organisation Oriented Programming of MAS Cesena 10th June 2009